2022年动词不定式用法及练习 .pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载动词不定式用法及练习动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、构成： to do .否定式not to do 二、常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it 作形式主语，而

2、把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. 句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do = sb. isare +adj. +to do在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如 kind、good、nice、wro

3、ng 、clever、right 等）作表语时， 不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）It is very kind of you to help me. Its not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sb. isare +adj. +to do如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。It is necessary for us to study h

4、ard. It is easy for him to speak English. 动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans( 甘肃省 ) 2. Its hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning( 江西省 ) 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀

5、区) 4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for ， of B. of ， for C. to ， for D. of ， to 2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to trav

6、el to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse

7、, set out, manage, pretend, 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to s

8、peak English well. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth. 需要被做Dont forge to turn off the lights before leaving. This bike needs repair

9、ing/mending. 注意 1： 动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用 it 作形式主语，构成“主语 +动词 +it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构I found it necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English. I fond it difficult to learn physics. 注意 2：常用带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encou

10、rage, beg, 等。构成“ vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth. ”结构。The teacher told us to read the text. He asked me not to tell you the news. His parents didn t allow him to play. I expect you to give me some help. Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well. 注意 3： 不定式作宾补省去to 的情况 (在被动语态中则to 不能省掉 ) 常用省去to 的动词不定式作补足语的

11、动词有：“一感（feel）、二听（ hear, listen to）、三让（ make, let, have）、五看（ look at, see, watch, notice, observe）” help 可带 to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sth I made him to do his work. .-make sb.do sth. Please listen to me to sing this song again.-listen to sb.do sth. I felt someone to open my door.-fell sb.do sth. The

12、boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-make sb.do sth. You must watch me to do everything-watch sb.do sth. Internet bars mustnt let anybody watch bad things, especially children.-let sb.do sth. He often helps (to) clean the room. Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English. 被动语 to 要加上He was mad

13、e to do his work (by me) He was heard to speak in the next room. John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment. 专项练习： 1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省 ) 2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to tak

14、e D. taking (福建省 ) 3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep ( 湖南省 ) 不带 to 的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( 河南省 ) 2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

15、 - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省 ) 3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up ( 陕西省 ) 4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.

16、A. do B. doing C. to do D. did ( 贵州省 ) 作句子的定语 ：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词 ,则不定式中要有介词. I want to get something to read during the holiday. We have a lot work to do . She is the first person to think of the idea. I have something interesting to tell you. He is looking for a room to live i

17、n .-live是不及物动词There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave. T here is no need to trouble him. 没有必要去烦他Have you got anything important to tell me? 重要的事情去告诉我Ive got nothing to worry about. 没有什么去担心专项练习： 1. Would you like something _? A. drink

18、 B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省 ) 2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( 河南省 ) 3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省 ) Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D 某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing 形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have

19、 B. having C. have D. has ( 广西壮族自治区) 2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home? Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took ( 湖北省 ) 3. Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省 ) 4. Jim was

20、badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. Walking 5、作句子的状语 ：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。come to do sth. go to do sth. stop to do sth. in order (not) to do too + adj. + to do sth. adj.adv. + enough to do sth so as to , enough to , only to , She came here to borrow an English b

21、ook. （目的）In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(目的 ) Lets stop to have a rest. She is too young to go to school. （结果）Im too tired to do well. 结果 He is old enough to go to school . ( 结果 ) Im sorry to make you wait here so long. （原因）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - -

22、 - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载六、 带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who 或疑问副词how, when, where, why 等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带to。例如： I dont know what to try next. （作宾语）Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。What to do next?(=What wi

23、ll we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?) 在与 why 连用时，只用于why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest? How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.) I really don t know what to write about.(=what I should write about) 动词不定式作宾语补足语：1. Robert often asks us _ his C

24、hinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省 ) 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked ( 甘肃省 ) Key： 1. B 2. C 3. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole

25、.( 改为意思相同的句子) The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. ( 广东省 ) 4. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子) The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. Keys： 3. is， too， small， for 4. thick ， for ， to， skate， on 真题练习：1. My mother often asks me_early.

26、 (2003 年北京 ) A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 2. The teacher told her students_in public. (2003 年黑龙江 ) A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shout 3 _is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肃省 ) A. This B. It C. That D. Its 4 Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002年

27、深圳市 ) A. for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping 5They decided_at the end of this month. (2002 年济南市 ) A. to leave B. going C. travel D. not start out 6 All of us found_difficult to work out the maths problem. A. what B. that C. which D. it 7 Please stop_a rest if you feel tired. (

28、2002 年南宁市 ) A. to have B. having C. have D. has 8,Theres enough bird food_for a month. (2001年山西省 ) A. to last B. last C. lasts D. lasted 9,She has no paper_. (2001年重庆市 ) A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on 10 Mother asked me_some fruit after supper. (2003 年新疆生产建设兵团) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎

29、下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy 11. Let him_a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年济南市 ) A. have B. gets C. to take D. has 12 It was raining heavily outside. The father made the c

30、hildren_in the room. (2003年桂林市 ) A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed 13.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen_the old man with his housework. (2003 年呼和浩特市 ) A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped 14 Yesterday morning I got up early _be late for the exam. (2002 年

31、上海市 ) A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 15 Lets_so as not_late for the meeting. A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be 16 Theres no difference between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003 年河南 ) A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choos

32、e which D. to choose what 17 The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003 年广东省 ) A. what to buy B. how to go C. where to go D. which to choose 18_the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Which to use D.

33、Where to use 19, -You look rather tired._stop to take a rest? -All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市 ) A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about 20,The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002年哈尔滨市 ) A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn

34、 down it 1. D 2. A 3 B 4 C 5-7 ADA 8 A 9. D 10-13 DABB 14 C15. C 16 18BCA 19-20DB 1. Youd better_your coat. Its cold outside. a. put on b. to put on c. putting on d. puts on 2. We began_English five years ago. a. learn b. learned c. to learn d. to be learned 3. The Frenchman didnt know_this word in

35、Chinese. a. how to tell b. how say c. how to say d. how talk 4. His mother made him_the floor every day. a. sweeps b. to sweep c. sweeping d. sweep 5. She was heard_an English song in her room last night. a. sing b. sang c. to sing d. singing 6. Peter asked me_him with his chemistry. a. help b. help

36、ing c. helped d. to help 7. It is good for us_morning exercises. a. do b. to do c. did d. done 8. The teacher told us_in bed. a. dont read b. read not c. to not read d. not to read 9. Its too early. Why_a rest with us? a. not have b. not having c. not to have d. didnt have 10. The old woman was_angr

37、y_say a word. a. so, that b. as, as c. too, to d. very, to 参考答案：1-5 accdd 6-10 dbdac 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -