2022年初中英语各年级知识点归纳总结 .pdf
《2022年初中英语各年级知识点归纳总结 .pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年初中英语各年级知识点归纳总结 .pdf(37页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、1 初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时, 要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法 词法1、名词A) 、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s。如: fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二)
2、 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如: boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三) 1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如: baby-babies, family -families, duty -duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如: day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四)以 o 结尾加 s (外来词)。如:radios
3、, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es:如: tomatoes 西红柿, potatoes 马铃薯五) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es(s)。 如: knife-knives, wife -wives, half -halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes,
4、 socks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察 , class班,同学 , family 家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie -action movies, pen 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men do
5、ctors, woman teacher-women teachers十) 有的单复数意思不同。如:fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸, 卷子,论文 , work工作works 作品,工厂 , glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange 桔子水oranges橙子 , light光线lights 灯, people 人 peoples民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如: Is (I s), Ks (K s)。但如是缩略词则只加
6、 s。如: IDs, VCDs, SARs十 二)特 殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman -EnglishmenB)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:一)单数在后面加s。如: brother s, Mike s, teachers二)复数以 s 结尾的直接在s 后加 , 如果不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers Day教师节 , classmates ; Children s
7、Day六一节 , Women s Day妇女节三)由 and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben s room迈克和本的房间 (共住一间) ,Mike s and Ben s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数we us our ours ourselves精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - -
8、- -第 2 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 第二人称单数you you your yours yourself复数you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself复数they them their theirs these those themselves3、动词A) 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s。如: comes, spel
9、ls, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es。如: watches, washes, wishes, finishes三) 1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es。如: study-studies, hurry-hurries, try -tries2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如: plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以 o 结尾加 es。如: does, goes五)特殊的有:are-is, have-hasB) 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要
10、使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一)一般在后加ing。如: spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch -watching, go-going, do-doing二)以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e 再加ing。如: dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write -writing, have -having三) 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母(注意除开字
11、母组合如show showing, draw-drawing )要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如: put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin -beginning四)以 ie 结尾的变ie 为 y 再加 ing。如: tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以
12、上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:一) 一般在词后加er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加r 或 st)。如: greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二)以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。 如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hotte
13、st三) 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 er/est。 如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly -friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle - less least old- older/
14、elder oldest/eldest far - farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y 结尾,变为 i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty -twentieth, forty -fortieth, ninety -ninetieth二、初一英语语法 句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a b
15、ook. (be 动词 )b) He looks very young. ( 连系动词 )c) I want a sweat like this. ( 实义动词 )d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情态动词 )e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be结构 )否定陈述句a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look nice.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her d
16、oll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English!精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim
17、 a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答 : a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they don t. e) No, she isn t.2) 选择疑问句Is the table
18、 big or small? 回答It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式How do/can you spell it? L -double O-K.How do we contact you? My e -mail address is . 问原因Why do you wa
19、nt to join the club? 问时间What s the time? (=What time is it?) It s a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o clock.When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 问地方Where s my backpack? It s under the table. 问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.What s your favourite colo
20、r? It s black. 问人物Who s that? It s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西What s this/that (in English)? It s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.精品资料 -
21、- - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 11 问姓名What s your aunt s name? Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first name? My first name s Ben.What s your family name? My family name s Smith.12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.13
22、问字母What letter is it? It s big D/small f.14 问价格How much are these pants? They re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码What s your phone number? It s 576-8349.16 问谓语 (动作 ) What s he doing? He s watching TV.17 问职业 (身份 ) What do you do? I m a teacher.What s your father? He s a doctor.三、初一英语语法 时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使
23、用一般现在时,它有:Be 动词: She s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn t a worker.情态动词: I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can t play the piano.行为动词: They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice wat
24、ch? Gina doesn t have a watch.2、 现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为 sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the
25、pop music? They aren t listening to the pop music.初二英语知识点总结:(一)一般将来时精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用, 如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。be
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 2022年初中英语各年级知识点归纳总结 2022 年初 英语 各年级 知识点 归纳 总结
限制150内