财务会计与财务循环管理知识分析.pptx

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1、?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 1Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 2Irwin/McGraw-Hilll认定应该记录的交易或事项认定应该记录的交易或事项l分录分录l从记帐凭证过帐到分类帐从记帐凭证过帐到分类帐l编制未调整试算表编制未调整试算表l调整分录的编制与过帐调整分录的编制与过帐l编制调整试算表编制调整试算表l编制财务报表编制财务报表l编制结帐分录并过帐编制结帐分录并过帐l编制结帐后试算表编制结帐后试算表?The McGraw-Hill Compan

2、ies, Inc.,1998Slide 3Irwin/McGraw-Hill 基于会计记帐基于会计记帐“有借必有贷，借贷必相有借必有贷，借贷必相等等”的平衡原理，就总分类帐的各帐户金的平衡原理，就总分类帐的各帐户金额，检查分录与过帐工作有无额，检查分录与过帐工作有无错误的验证工作错误的验证工作?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 4Irwin/McGraw-Hilll日期日期l会计科目会计科目l借方余额和贷方余额借方余额和贷方余额l合计合计?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 5Irwin/McGr

3、aw-Hilll编制试算表时出错编制试算表时出错l确定帐户余额时出错确定帐户余额时出错l分类帐记录错误分类帐记录错误?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 6Irwin/McGraw-Hilll借贷同时遗漏借贷同时遗漏l借贷同时重复记录借贷同时重复记录l借方或贷方发生等额错误借方或贷方发生等额错误?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 7Irwin/McGraw-Hilll收付实现制收付实现制l权责发生制权责发生制?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 8I

4、rwin/McGraw-Hilll应计项目应计项目v应付费用应付费用v应收收入应收收入l递延项目递延项目v预付费用预付费用v预收收入预收收入l估计项目估计项目?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 9Irwin/McGraw-Hilll会计科目会计科目l试算表试算表l调整分录调整分录l调整后试算表调整后试算表l损益表项目损益表项目l结帐分录结帐分录l结帐后试算表结帐后试算表l资产负债表资产负债表?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 10Irwin/McGraw-Hilll损益表损益表l资产负债表资产负

5、债表?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 11Irwin/McGraw-Hilll虚帐户虚帐户l实帐户实帐户?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 12Irwin/McGraw-Hilll帐结法帐结法l表结法表结法?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 13Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 14Irwin/McGraw-HillFinancial Accounting I

6、nformationAccounts?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 15Irwin/McGraw-HillFinancial Accounting InformationPermanent AccountsAssetsLiabilitiesOwners?EquityTemporary AccountsRevenuesExpensesGains & LossesAccounts?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 16Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEThe balances

7、 in PERMANENT accounts are carried over to future accounting periods.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 17Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEThe double-entry system records the change in a resource, or obligation, and the reason for, or source of, the change.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slid

8、e 18Irwin/McGraw-HillA = L + OEFor example: If money is borrowed, then Cash (an asset) is increased and Notes Payable (a liability) is increased. $250,000 is borrowed from the bank.+ $250,000+ $250,000?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 19Irwin/McGraw-HillAccount NameDebitCreditAccount NameDe

9、bitCreditAccount Name Debit CreditA = L + OEEach of the permanent accounts is affected by debits and credits.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 20Irwin/McGraw-Hill Debit for Increase Credit for Decrease Debit for Decrease Credit for Increase Debit for Decrease Credit for IncreaseEach of the

10、permanent accounts are affected by debits and credits.A = L + OE?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 21Irwin/McGraw-HillThe account is affected by debits and credits as follows: Debit for Decrease Credit for IncreaseNet Income = Revenues - Expenses?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 22I

11、rwin/McGraw-HillThe account is affected by debits and credits as follows: Debit for Increase Credit for DecreaseNet Income = Revenues - Expenses?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 23Irwin/McGraw-HilllIdentify transactions or events to be recorded.lJournalize transactions and events.lPosting f

12、rom journals to ledger.The Accounting Cycle is a series of sequential steps leading to the financial statements.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 24Irwin/McGraw-HilllPrepare unadjusted trial balance.lJournalize and post adjusting journal entries.lPrepare adjusted trial balance.lPrepare fina

13、ncial statements.lJournalize and post closing journal entries.lPrepare post-closing trial balance.lJournalize and post reversing journal entries.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 25Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:?Th

14、e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 26Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reporting firm and outside parties.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 27Irwin/McGraw-HillEve

15、nts that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Internal events within the firm that affect its resources or obligations but do not involve outside parties.Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reporting firm and outside parties.?The McGraw-Hill Co

16、mpanies, Inc.,1998Slide 28Irwin/McGraw-HillEvents that change a firms resources or obligations are categorized into three categories:Internal events within the firm that affect its resources or obligations but do not involve outside parties.Exchanges of resources and obligations between the reportin

17、g firm and outside parties.External economic and environmental events beyond the control of the company.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 29Irwin/McGraw-HilllA chronological record of transactions using the debit/credit formatlGenerally two types of journals:vSpecial journals - repetitive e

18、ntriesvGeneral journal - nonrepetitive entriesGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 30Irwin/McGraw-HillOn January 1, 19X7, Caldwell Company borrows $10,000 from the bank.Prepare the appropriate journal entry for the above transaction.?The McGraw-

19、Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 31Irwin/McGraw-HilllTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increased by $10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 32Irwin/McGraw-HilllTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increas

20、ed by $10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loan?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 33Irwin/McGraw-HillGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes

21、Payable21510,000To record bank loanlTwo accounts are affected:vCash is increased by $10,000.vNotes Payable is increased by $10,000.Accounts are usually numbered. The account numbers are references for posting to the General Ledger. ?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 34Irwin/McGraw-HilllPosti

22、ng refers to the process of recording information from the journals to the ledger.General Journal and Special JournalsInformation is stored chronologically.Information is stored by account.General Ledger and Subsidiary LedgersPost?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 35Irwin/McGraw-HilllGeneral

23、 Ledger format is as follows:ACCOUNT NAME:ACCOUNT No.DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalance?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 36Irwin/McGraw-HillStart with the entry from the General Journal.GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-Jan Cash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record ban

24、k loan?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 37Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance00Next, find the appropriate page in the General Ledger for CashGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable215

25、10,000To record bank loan?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 38Irwin/McGraw-HillGENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loanIdentify the information to be posted to the General LedgerACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescripti

26、onPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance00?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 39Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance001-Jan Bank LoanGJ110,000GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,

27、000To record bank loanEnter the information to be posted into the General Ledger.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 40Irwin/McGraw-HillACCOUNT NAME: CASHACCOUNT No.101DateDescriptionPRDebitCreditBalanceBeginning Balance001-Jan Bank LoanGJ110,00010,000GENERAL JOURNALPage:1DateDescriptionPRDeb

28、itCredit1-JanCash10110,000 Notes Payable21510,000To record bank loanEnter the information to be posted into the General Ledger.Update the balance in the General Ledger account for cash.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 41Irwin/McGraw-HilllConsists of a listing of each general ledger account

29、 and its balance at the end of period.vDebit balances in one column and credit balances in anotherlServes as a convenient means for checking that the sum of debit account balances equals the sum of credit account balances.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 42Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyUn

30、adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Equipment3,800 Accounts Payable700$ Notes Payable1,450 Capital Stock3,000 Retained Earnings - 1/1/X8- Revenues11,000 Salary Expense5,250 Utility Expense3,000 Rent Expense2,400 Total16,150$ 16,150$ ?The McGraw-Hill

31、 Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 43Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyUnadjusted Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Equipment3,800 Accounts Payable700$ Notes Payable1,450 Capital Stock3,000 Retained Earnings - 1/1/X8- Revenues11,000 Salary Expense5,250 Utility Expens

32、e3,000 Rent Expense2,400 Total16,150$ 16,150$ The General Ledger is in balance!DR = CR?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 44Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal Entries?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 45Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Jou

33、rnal EntriesuCash flows that occur before expense and revenue recognition. uThe portion that applies to future periods is deferred as a prepaid expense or unearned revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 46Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal EntriesuCash flows tha

34、t occur after expense and revenue recognition.uRecorded when cash is to be paid or received in a future accounting period.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 47Irwin/McGraw-HilllDeferralslAccrualslOther Adjusting Journal EntriesInclude: uReclassifications of permanent accounts.uEstimations of

35、 expenses.uRecognition of COGS and inventory losses.uCorrections of errors.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 48Irwin/McGraw-HillOn 12/1/X5, your company paid $1,200 for a six-month insurance policy. The $1,200 was recorded as Prepaid Insurance (an asset).What AJE is needed on 12/31/X5?GENER

36、AL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 49Irwin/McGraw-HillOn 12/1/X5, your company paid $1,200 for a six-month insurance policy. The $1,200 was recorded as Prepaid Insurance (an asset).What AJE is needed on 12/31/X5?GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescripti

37、onPRDebitCredit31-Dec Insurance Expense200 Prepaid Insurance200?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 50Irwin/McGraw-Hill?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 51Irwin/McGraw-HillYour company pays its workers every Friday. Year-end ,12/31/X5, falls on Wednesday. It is estimated that employee

38、s have earned salaries of $47,250 through Wednesday of the week ended 1/2/X6.What AJE is required on 12/31/X5?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 52Irwin/McGraw-HillYour company pays its workers every Friday. Year-end ,12/31/X5, falls on Wednesday. It is estimated that employees have earned sa

39、laries of $47,250 through Wednesday of the week ended 1/2/X6.GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit31-Dec Salary Expense47,250 Salary Payable47,250?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 53Irwin/McGraw-HillI know youre tired, but we need to look at an example of other AJEs if we are g

40、oing to be prepared!?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 54Irwin/McGraw-HillJax, Inc. purchased equipment on June 30, 19X5, that cost $25,000. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no salvage value. Jax uses straight-line depreciation. What AJE is required on 12/31/X5?The M

41、cGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 55Irwin/McGraw-HillJax, Inc. purchased equipment on June 30, 19X5, that cost $25,000. The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no salvage value. Jax uses straight-line depreciation. GENERAL JOURNALPage: 1DateDescriptionPRDebitCredit31-Dec Depreci

42、ation Expense2,500 Accumulated Depr.2,500?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 56Irwin/McGraw-HillLets try some multiple choice exercises!?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 57Irwin/McGraw-HillA company leases a building for $60,000 per year, payable monthly. If rent has not been paid fo

43、r July, the journal entry to record the liability on July 31, includes a debit toa. Cash.b. Owners?Equity.c. Rent Expense.d. Rent Payable.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 58Irwin/McGraw-HillA company leases a building for $60,000 per year, payable monthly. If rent has not been paid for Jul

44、y, the journal entry to record the liability on July 31, includes a debit toa. Cash.b. Owners?Equity.c. Rent Expense.d. Rent Payable.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 59Irwin/McGraw-HillAbex Co. leased equipment to another for $1,250 per month on June 1. If rent has not been received by Jun

45、e 30, the adjusting entry made to accrue rent on June 30, includes a credit toa. Cash.b. Rent Expense.c. Rent Receivable.d. Rent Revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 60Irwin/McGraw-HillAbex Co. leased equipment to another for $1,250 per month on June 1. If rent has not been received by

46、 June 30, the adjusting entry made to accrue rent on June 30, includes a credit toa. Cash.b. Rent Expense.c. Rent Receivable.d. Rent Revenue.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 61Irwin/McGraw-HillRentCo leases cars to Jones, Inc. for $500 per month. On June 1, RentCo received $3,000 for six m

47、onths rent, and recorded it with a debit to cash and a credit to rent revenue. The June 30, adjustment has a debit toa. Cash.b. Rent Revenue.c. Unearned Rent.d. Owners Equity.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 62Irwin/McGraw-HillRentCo leases cars to Jones, Inc. for $500 per month. On June 1

48、, RentCo received $3,000 for six monthsrent, and recorded it with a debit to cash and a credit to rent revenue. The June 30, adjustment has a debit toa. Cash.b. Rent Revenue.c. Unearned Rent.d. Owners?Equity.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 63Irwin/McGraw-HillOn May 1, Kelly Co. paid $2,00

49、0 rent; $1,000 per month for May and June, charging prepaid rent. The May 31 adjustment includes a debit toa. Prepaid Rent.b. Rent Expense.c. Cash.d. Unearned Rent.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 64Irwin/McGraw-HillOn May 1, Kelly Co. paid $2,000 rent; $1,000 per month for May and June, c

50、harging prepaid rent. The May 31 adjustment includes a debit toa. Prepaid Rent.b. Rent Expense.c. Cash.d. Unearned Rent.?The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998Slide 65Irwin/McGraw-HillSample CompanyAdjusted Trial Balance December 31, 1998DebitsCreditsCash500$ Accounts Receivable1,200 Interest Receivab