2022年初中英语知识点总结梳理及练习 .pdf

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1、1 英人教版初一年级（上）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about?3. Let?s do sth.4. It?s time to do sth.5

2、. It?s time for 6. What?s ? It is / It?s7. Where is ? It?s.8. How old are you? I?m.9. What class are you in? I?m in.10. Welcome to .11. What?s plus ? It?s.12. I think13. Who?s this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? It?s (They?re)17. Whose

3、is this? It?s.18. What time is it? It?s.III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I?m fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You?re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What?s your name? My name is .9. Here y

4、ou are. This way, please. 10. Who?s on duty today?11. Let?s do.12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法1. 动词 be 的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间的范围以内，on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. t

5、his/that/these/those (1)this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those 时that 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and I?ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子， 我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。This

6、 is mine; that?s yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中， this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Who?s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ have There be有，其确切含意为 某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是： There be + 某人或某物+ 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动词精

7、品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之， There be 结构强调的

8、是一种客观存在的 有。 have 表示 拥有，占有，具有 ，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词， 与主语是所属关系。 例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister. 我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms. 那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示 “ 看、瞧 ” ，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer g

9、ames. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! What?s that over there? 看！ 那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He?s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调 “ 看” 的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“ 看到 ” ，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“ 观看，

10、注视 ” ，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程， 常用于 “ 看电视、 看足球、看演出 ” 等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in puton 意为 “ 穿上， 戴上 ” 。 主要指 “ 穿上 ”这一动作 , 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“ 穿着 ” 强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It?s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat

11、and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John?s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/family house ：“ 房子 ” ，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家” ，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方 ; Family : “ 家庭 “ ， “ 家庭成员 ” 。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们

12、全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意， 但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：(1) fine 指物时表示的是质量上的精细 ，形容人时表示的是身体健康 ，也可以用来指 天气晴朗 。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好 ，漂亮 的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy lo

13、oks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指 品德好 ，形容物时指 质量好 ， 是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The re

14、d car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well 只可用来形容人的身体好 ，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 动词 be 的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成

15、句子。【中考范例】1. (2004 年北京市中考试题) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 【解析 】答案： D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语， 空白处应填入人称代词的宾格 me 作宾语。2. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The 【解析 】答案： D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。 因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。3. (2004 年哈尔

16、滨市中考试题) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【解析 】答案： A。该题考查的是动词be 的用法和主谓一致。the number 作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be 变为 is。4. (2004 年陕西省中考试题) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析 】答案： B。该题考查的

17、是There be句型和动词have 用法区别。 There be 句型本身就表示“ 在某个地方存在某个人或物” ，不能和动词have 混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -What colour is the bike? -It?s _ orange.A. an B. a C. / D. the 2. That isn?t her bag. It?s _. A. my B. I C. mine D. me 3. -Oh, your kite is very nice. -_. A. That?s right B. No, it?s not nice C. Yes, it is D.

18、Thank you 4. The woman is sixty, but she _ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches 5. It?s time _ lunch. Let?s go home.A. to B. in C. for D. on 6. -_ is your coat? -The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How 7. -_ is the toy? -It?s on the bed.A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose 8. The shoes are t

19、oo old. Put _ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them 9. Excuse me. Can you _ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at 10. Look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 A

20、. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after 11. -Whose dress is this? -It?s _.A. Lucy B. Lucy?s C. Jim D. Jim?s12. The girl _ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with 13. There is a bird _ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of 14. There are many _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman t

21、eacher C. women teacher D. women teachers 15. -Is there a ball under the desk? -_. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there?sC. No, there isn?t D. No, there is 16. There _ some books and a pencil on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be 17. -Let me help you. -_. A. You?re welcome B. Thanks very much C. Don?t worry

22、D. Yes, thanks18. _ old man is _ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a 19. -What _ five plus six? -It?s eleven.A. am B. is C. are D. / 20. -What _ you see in the picture? -I can see some flowers. A. must B. can C. are D. do 二. 完形填空This is a picture of Kat?s _1_. What can we _2_ i

23、n the picture? Look _3_ it, please. The man _4_ the black coat is Kate?s father, Mr. Green. The _5_ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They _6_ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate?s _7_, Jim. _8_ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he?s _9_ brother, Mr. Read. He _10_ young, too. 1. A. families

24、 B. family C. parents D. brothers 2. A. look B. do C. see D.put 3. A. at B. after C. for D. up 4. A. on B. of C. in D. to 5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman 6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking 7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt 8. A. What?s B. Where?s C. Who?s D. How is 9. A. his B. her

25、C. our D. their 10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very 三. 在 B 栏中找出 A 栏英语句子的正确答语(A) (B) 1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6. 2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you. 3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book. 4. What row are you in? D. It is ten. 5. What?s two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too. 6.

26、Nice to meet you. F. I am 14. 7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is. 8. Who?s not here? H. It?s here.9. Where is the bag? I. It?s a book. 10. What is this in English? J. How do you do? 四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours? Ann: Let me have a look._1_. I

27、think it?s Sam?s. My dog is brown. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree._2_? Sam: Sorry, it isn?t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary?s.Jim: _3_? Sam: She?s my friend. L

28、ook! She?s over there. Let?s go and ask her.Jim: _4_. Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours? Mary: _5_. Sam: It?s a lovely dog! Don?t lose it!Mary: Yes, thank you. A. Who?s MaryB. OK, let?s goC. Oh, no it?s not mineD. Oh, yes. It?s mineE. Is it yours 五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. _ (He) pen is in _ (I) pencil-box. 2

29、. _ (You) shoes _ (be) under the bed. 3. _ (Who) new ruler is this? 4. -Are these trousers _ (you)? - No, they aren?t _ (we)5. It?s time _ (go) and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to _ (I). 7. I have two _ (baby). 8. Look! That is a _ (China) car. 9. It is _ (my teacher) sweater. 10. No

30、w her _ ( parent) are in America. 六. 阅读理解(A) Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capablewoman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His e

31、lder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is o

32、n good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes. 根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答 “A”，错误的答 “B”。1. Bob was born in a small and rich family. 2. He has two brothers and a sister. 3. There are five peop

33、le in his family. 4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school. 5. “ He is an apple in their eyes” means “ They love him very much”.(B) Look at the clothes line in the twins bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the cloth

34、es line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lilys clothes? No. I know they are Lucys. Lilys clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but its not Lilys, its Lucys. There is an

35、old hat on Lucys bed in the room, its Lilys. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lilys. 1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see _. A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed 2. What colour are Lucys trousers? They are _. A. green B. black C. brown 3. Where is Lucys hat? Its on _. A. th

36、e clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lilys bed 4. How many beds are there in the room? _. A. only one B. three C. two 5. Are there any things on Lilys bed? _. A. Yes, there is a hat on it 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 B. No, th

37、ere is not anything on it C. Sorry, I dont know (C) Its a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall. There are two Chinese

38、in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much. 1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall _. A. by bike

39、B. by car C. by plane D. by bus 2. There are _. A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two Chinese in the bus C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one Chinese in the car 3. The driver is _. A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an American 4. The people _. A. are singing B. are talking C. are list

40、ening D. are looking at the wall 5. They _. A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well. C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much 初一年级（下）【知识梳理】I. 重点短语1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from

41、 9. do one?s homework10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not at all23. put away24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle

42、of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much! Youre welcome. 2. Put it/t

43、hem away. 3. Whats wrong? 4. I think so. I dont think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What

44、s your favourite sport? 10. Dont worry. 11.I?m (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go? 13. Thats right./ That,s all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I don?t.15. We / They have some CDs. We / They don?t have any CDs.16. -What day is it today /

45、 tomorrow? -It?s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are. 18. -Where are you from? -From Beijing. 19. Whats your telephone number in New York? 20. -Do you like hot dogs? -Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) -No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.) 21. -W

46、hat does your mother like? -She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -When do you go to school every day? -I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening? -He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词

47、的构成和用法【名师讲解】1.Thats right./ That s all right./ All right.That sright 意为 “ 对的 ” ，表示赞同对方的意见、 看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：I think we must help the old man. 我想我们应该帮助这位老人。 Thatsright .或Youreright . 说得对 。That sallright.意为 “ 不用谢 ” 、“ 没关系 ” ， 用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：Many thanks.Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken.Thats all

48、right. Allright .意为 “ 行了 ” 、“ 可以 ” ，表示同意对方的建议或要求。 有时还可以表示“ 身体很好 ”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告诉我。 All right.好吧。 Is your mother all right? 你妈身体好吗2. make/do 这两个词都可以解释为“ 做 ” ，但含义却不同，不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西，do 指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？He?s doing his homework now. 他正在做他的作业。3. say/

49、speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为 “ 说出 ” 、“ 说道 ” ，着重所说的话。如：“ I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“ 我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English . 请用英语说。speak : “说话 ” ，着重开口发声， 不着重所说的内容， 一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接接宾语) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I don?t like to speak like this . 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词

50、解时，只能和某种语言等连用， 表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作， 而不着重所说的话，因此， 一般也只用作不及物动词，不过， talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下