2022年初中英语语法专题讲解初中语法定语从句 .pdf

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1、定语从句一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语， 然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl （）a shoe factory （）Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （）the man standing at the door （）the man who is talking with Sam （）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句： 2. 定语从句的主要特征：在句中起定语作用，相当于形容词，修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。1. 先行词 (

2、Antecedent)：定语从句所修饰的词。2. 关系词 (Relatives) ：连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。3.定语从句所缺句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语。The girl （先行词） who （关系词） stands under the tree is my sister. 三、定语从句的基本用法：定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who( 主语、宾语)， whom( 宾语 )，that( 主语、宾语), whose( 定语 )that( 主语、宾语),which( 主语、宾语)whose( 定语 )where ( 地点状语)when ( 时间状语)why

3、( 原因状语)精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - （一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行词 the boys 在从句中作主语。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate a

4、t 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7 点到大门口集合。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。You needn t talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在

5、从句中作 _。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词 _ 引

6、导词在从句中作 _。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 。分析：先行词 _引导词在从句

7、中作 _。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_ 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door

8、 of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 自己总结一下：在定语从句中， whose + 名词_ 4which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Foo

9、tball is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译 成 汉语:_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The house which is by the lake looks

10、nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译 成 汉 语 ：_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。5that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作

11、宾语时常可省略。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？分析：先

12、行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳(二) 关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at +which 代替。I still remember the day w

13、hen I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。October 1, 1949 was the day when the People s Republic of China was founded. 1949年 10月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名

14、师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which 代替。Shanghai is the city w

15、here I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_ 分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。Is this the place where they fought

16、the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 吗？分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。注意：当先行词是 situation, occasion, point时，且又在从句中作状语时， 常用where来引导定语从句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尴尬） . He ha

17、s reached a point where nobody can compare with him. 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which 来代替。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。分析：先行词 _ 引导词在从句中作 _。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.译 成 汉 语 ：_

18、注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“ 介词+关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句来表示。如：From the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are taking place in the c

19、ity where (=_) they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句举例：注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which 所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。Xiao Li came

20、to see me off, which was very kind of her. He didn t pass the exam, which surprised us. 五定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用 which 指物。 （指人时可以Attributive clause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从

21、句，写时往往逗号分开。I was the only person who was invited.in my officeJenny, with whom I played table tennisyesterday, lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterdayhas come again.That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school. 注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that ，指人时用who( 主语 ),whom( 宾语 )，指

22、物时须用which.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 用 who/whom）1. 当先行词被形容词 最高级 或者序数词 修饰时。2. 当先行词是 不定代词 everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much 等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。3

23、. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。4. 当先行词是 who,或 which 引导的主句时。5. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。(二) 不用 that的情况(1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(2) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.（三）关系代词的省略：The factory we visited yesterday was

24、 really old. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置 ) The man you just talked to was my English teacher. ( 请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置 ) 当关系代词在从句中作 _时可以省略。（四） “ 介词+关系代词 ” 引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“ 介词+关系代词 ” 引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - -

25、- - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have o

26、ften talked about. We ll go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked. 我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。注意： 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用 who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用 that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。“ 介词+关系代词 ” 前还可有 some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few 等代词或者数词。（四

27、）当先行词被one of 修饰时，若 one of前有 the only，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有的话则用复数。He is one of the students who _ never late. 译 成 汉 语 ：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_ （五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用 why 引导。I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together. I will ne

28、ver forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in. This is the reason _ he was unhappy. This is the reason _ he explai

29、ned to me. （六）当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。the same as；suchas 中的 as 是一种固定结构 , 和一样。I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 请分析一下定语从句： ( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. You couldn t understand people who talked fast. 3. They said something you didnt like. 4

30、. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 5. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 6. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 二、请把下面的句子连成一个定语从句1、1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teache

31、s chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the r

32、eport in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. 7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. 三、用关系代

33、词填空： that、which、who、 whom、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you. 2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 3. The man _ you went to see has come. 4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money. 5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is

34、over there. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8. The man _was passing by saw what happened. 9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday. 10. These books _ you lent me were v

35、ery useful. 11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. 12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time. 13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday. 14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word. 15. The book _ is on the table is mine. 16. The film _ they are talking ab

36、out is very interesting. 17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited. 18. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer. 19. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - -