2022年人教版八年级英语上册知识点归纳2 .pdf

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1、人教版八上知识点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 单词anyone eniw ?n pron.任何人anywhere eniwe ?(r) adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方wonderful w?nd?fl adj.精彩的；极好的few fju: adj.很少的； n.少量most m ?st adj.最多的；大多数的；something s ?m ? pron.某事物；nothing(=not anything) n? ? pron.没有什么 n.没有myself ma ?self pron.我自己everyone evriw ?n pron.每人；

2、人人yourself j?:self pron.你自己；你亲自hen hen n. 母鸡；雌禽bored b?:d adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的pig n.猪diary da?ri n.日记；日记簿 (keep a diary) seem si:m vi. 似乎；好像someone s ?mw?n pron.某人；有人quite a few相当多；不少 (后接可数名词 ) of course ?vk?:s 当然activity ?kt ?v?ti n.活动；活跃decide d ?sa?d v.决定；选定 (decide to do sth.) try tra? v.尝试；设法；努力(try

3、 to do sth. /try doing sth.) bird b?:d n.鸟；禽paragliding p?r ? la?d? n.空中滑翔跳伞bicycle ba ? s? kl n.自行车building b? ld? n. 建筑物trader tre? d?(r) n.商人；商船wonder w?nd?(r) v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑difference d? fr?ns n.差异；不同top t?p n.顶部；顶wait we? t v.等；等待 (wait for) umbrella ?mbrel? n.伞；雨伞wet wet adj.湿的；雨天的below b? l? pre

4、p.低于；在 .下面 adv.在下面as ?z conj.如同；像 .一样enough ? n?f adj.足够的 adv.足够地；充分地duck d?k n.鸭肉；鸭hungry h?ri adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 (反 full) feel like(doing sth.) 想要dislike d? sla? k v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感重点短语1. go on vacation去度假go on 继续go out 出去go shopping 去购物go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩go to summer camp 去参加夏令

5、营2. stay at home 待在家里3. visit museums 参观博物馆4. most of the time 大部分时间5. something important 重要的事6. nothing, but+ do. 除了 , 之外什么都没有7.quite a few 相当多8. up and down 上上下下9. one bowl of ,一碗 ,10. study for 为, 而学习11. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物12. because of 因为13. of course 当然14.feel like 给, 的感觉；感

6、受到15. the next day 第二天精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - 16.in the past 在过去17. walk around 四处走走18. taste + adj. 尝起来 ,(taste good ) look+ adj. 看起来 ,seem+ （to be ）+ adj. 看起来 ,19. arrive 到达某地 arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点20. come up 出来21.

7、drink tea 喝茶22. find out 找出；查明23. take photos 照相24.havea good time=enjoy oneself= havefun(doing sth.) 玩得痛快25. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事26. so+adj.+that+从句，如此 , 以至于 ,27. Why not do. sth.? 为什么不做 , 呢？28. keep doing sth. 继续做某事29. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事30. start doing sth. 开始做某事stop doing

8、sth. 停止做某事31. want to do sth. 想去做某事32.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事33.decide to do sth. 决定去做某事34. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事35. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 / forget to do sth. 忘记做某事三、重点句子：1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假的？2. Long time no see. 好久不见。3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去

9、有趣的地方了吗？4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。6. I bought something for my father. 我给我爸爸买了些东西。7. How did you like it？你觉得它怎么样？8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。9. For lunch, we ha

10、d something very special. 午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。10. ,but many of the old buildings are still there. , 但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today. 今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。12. And because of the bad weather , we couldnt see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气，我们看不见下面的任何东西。语法：1.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状

11、态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。（1）句型A.含 be 动词的一般过去时句型陈述句：主语 +be(was/were) (+not)+其他一般疑问句： Be(Was/Were)+主语+其他？-Yes, 主语 + be(was/were). -No, 主语 + be(wasn t/weren t). 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +主语+ be(was/were)+主语+其他？B.含实义动词的一般过去时句型陈述句：肯定句：主语 +动词过去式 +其他. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - -

12、- - - - - -第 2 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - 否定句：主语 +didn t+动词原形 +其他. 一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原型 +其他？- Yes, 主语 + did. -No, 主语 + didn t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +did+主语+动词原型 +其他？特殊疑问词 (Who) +动词过去式 +其他？（2）一般过去时的时间状语yesterday及其构成的短语yesterday morning/afternoon/evening. 由” last+时间名词 ” 构成的短语last night/year/winter/month/week 由

13、” 时间段 +ago” 构成的短语a moment/ a short time/ an hour ago just now和某些表示过去时态的从句（3）动词过去式的变化规则一般在动词末尾加 -ed 以 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变 y为 i再加-ed 不规则变化2.复合不定代词或副词的构成及用法（1） 构成：由 some, any, no, every 分别加上 -body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做复合不定代词；somebody 某人anybody 任何人nobody

14、 没人everybody 每人someone 某人anyone 任何人no one 没人everyone 每人something 某事/物anything 任何事 /物nothing 没有事/物everything 每件事 /物由 some, any, no, every 分别加上 -where构成副词。（2）用法：复合不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等，不能做定语。 Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat. 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV. Ever

15、ybody likes reading. some- 不定代词，通常用于肯定句中（但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。） ；any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。Someone is calling me. There isn t anyone else there. Is anybody over there? Could you give me something to eat? 形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。There is something delicious on the table. somewhere, anywhere, no

16、where, everywhere 用作副词。Flowers come out everywhere.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - 巩固练习：用不定代词或不定副词填空：1. I cant hear anything = I can hear _. 2. There is _ on the floor. Please pick it up. 3. Did _ go to play basketball with you ? 4.

17、 I phoned you last night, but _ answered it. 5. Maybe _ put my pencil _. I cant find it _. 单选1. No one _ how to do it. A.know B. knows C. knowing D. knew 2. Everything_OK, isnt it? A. was B. are C. and D. is 3. Theres_in the newspaper. You should read it. A. important something B. something boring C

18、. boring something D. something important. 1. arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. (翻译)_ arrive 为不及物动词，意为 _, arrive in 到达 +大地方（国家省 市）arrive at 到达 +小地方（机场商店等 ) get to 到达 +地方reach 到达 +地方The Smiths_ New York at 8:00 last night. A.arrived at B. got to C.reach D.arrived 2. so we dec

19、ided to go to the beach near our hotel. (翻译)_ 3. decide为及物动词， 意为决定， 决心。决定做某事：_. 4. My sister and I tried paragliding. （翻译）_ try to do sth. 意为 _; try doing sth.意为_ We shouldnt try _(study) English, we should try _(study) English. 5.I felt like I was a bird.( 翻 译 )_ _. feel like意为_后常接 _.另外 feel like还意

20、为_ Do you feel like a cup of tea? 6.I wonder what life was like here in the past. （翻译）_ wonder 为及物动词，意为“想知道” ，后常接疑问词（ who, what, why)引导的从句。I wonder _ you are doing.(我想知道你正在做什么。 ) 6.What a difference a day makes! 感叹句，结构为 What +名词 +主语+谓语！补充： _ _ 7. We waited over an hour for the train because there we

21、re too many people. _ 为等候 ,后接人或物。_为太多，后接可数名词复数; _+不可数名词（ money ）; _为太 , 后接形容词或副词（big）8 .My father didnt bring enough money. Enough后可接 _ ，其形式分别为_；_ 。(1) want to do sth. 想要做某事精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2) want sb. to do sth. 想要某

22、人做某事(3) would like to do sth. 想要做某事(4) (2) decide to do sth. 决定做某事(5) decide on 决定某事课后练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I didnt find _ ( someone ) there. 2. Is there _( something ) important in todays newspaper? 3. Look! There is _ ( anybody ) at home. The light is on. 4. Amy _ ( meet ) a famous actor yesterday. 5

23、. There _ ( be ) forty-five students in our class last term. 6. Miss Green _ ( come ) to China in 2008. 7. Little Tom _ ( be ) here a moment ago. 8. She _ ( buy ) a new bag yesterday. 二、单项选择( )1. -_ you _ to the movies ？- Yes, I did. A. Did went B. Did go C. Are went ( )2. - How was your weekend? -

24、Great! We _ a picnic in the park. A. have B. has C. had ( ) 3. Mrs Green with her little daughter _ at home _ that rainy night. A. was on B. were on C. was at ( ) 4. - Who told you to clean the windows? -Miss Wang _ A. told B. did C. has told ( ) 5. - Do you always _ to the zoo? - Yes, I _ yesterday

25、. A. go go B. go went C. went go ( ) 6. - _ there any koalas in the zoo last year? - No, there _. A. Are arent B. Were wasn t C. Were werent ( ) 7.- Did you go with _? - Yes, I did. A. someone B. anyone C. somebody ( ) 8. - Did you buy _ special? - No, I didnt. A. something B. some things C. anythin

26、g 三、句型转换1Lucy played computer games yesterday. ( 改为一般疑问句) _ Lucy _ computer games yesterday? 2We went to the Palace Museum. ( 对 划 线 部 分 提 问) _ _ you _? 3There was someone here just now. （改为否定句）_. 4She played volleyball just now. （ 改为否定句） She _ _ 5volleyball just now. They ate a lot of ice cream. ( 对

27、划线部分提问) _ _ they _? 6My vacation was pretty good. ( 对划线部分提问) _ _ your vacation?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - Monday, July 15th I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go

28、to the beach near our hotel. My sister and I tried paragliding. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! For lunch, we had something very special Malaysian yellow noodles. They were delicious! In the afternoon, we rode bicycles to Georgetown. There are a lot of new buildings now, but many of th

29、e old buildings are still there. In Weld Quay, a really old place in Georgetown, we saw the houses of the Chinese traders from 100 years ago. I wonder what life was like here in the past. I really enjoyed walking around the town. Tuesday, July 16th What a different a day makes! My father and I decid

30、ed to go to Penang Hill today. We wanted to walk up to the top, but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. We waited over and hour for the train because there were too many people. When we got to the top, it was raining really hard. We didnt have an umbrella so we were wet

31、 and cold. It was terrible. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. My father didnt bring enough money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. The food tasted great because I was so hungry! 不规则动词过去式：am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave get-got, go-we

32、nt come-came have-had, eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat, bring-brought, can-could, cut-cut become-became, begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found for

33、get-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt（learned）leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept, speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - Unit2How of

34、ten do you exercise?单词housework ha ?sw? k n.家务劳动hardly h ? dli adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever ev?(r) adv.曾经；在任何时候once w ?ns adv. 一次；曾经twice twa?s adv. 两倍；两次Internet ?nt?net n.因特网program pr? ? r?m n. 节目；程序；课程；节目单full f?l adj.满的；充满的；完全的swing sw ? n.摇摆；秋千 v.摇摆；旋转maybe me?bi adv.或许；也许；可能swing dance摇摆舞least li? st a

35、dj.最小的；最少的at least至少hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得junk n.垃圾；废旧杂物coffee k?fi n.咖啡；咖啡色health hel n.健康；人的身体或精神状态result r?z?lt .结果；后果percent p ?sent adj.百分之 .的online ? ?nla?n adj.在线的 adv.在线地television tel ?v?n n.电视机；电视节目although ? le? conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through ru? prep.穿过；凭借；一直到body b?di n.身体mind ma?nd .头脑；想法；意见；心

36、思such s ?t? adj.这样的；如此的together t ? ee?(r) adv.共同；一起die da? v.死；枯竭；消失writer ra ?t?(r) n.作者；作家dentist dent?st n.牙科医生magazine m? ?zi? n n.杂志however ha ?ev?(r) adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than e?n conj.比almost ? lm?st adv.几乎；差不多none n?n pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less les adj. 更少的；较少的point p? nt n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数重点短语suc

37、h as例如；诸如junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常less than不到；少于help with housework 帮助做家务on weekends 在周末how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次every day 每天be free 有空go to the movies 去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆舞play tennis 打网球stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚at least 至少have

38、dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动be good for 对, 有好处go camping 去野营精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - not, at all 一点儿也不 ,in ones free time 在某人的业余时间the most popular 最受欢迎的such as 比如；诸如old habits die har

39、d 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于；超过less than 少于help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事How about,? .怎么样？want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事How many+ 可 数 名 词 复 数 + 一 般 疑 问句？, 有多少,? spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的 , 的。ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事by doing sth. 通过做某事Whats your favorite,? 你最喜爱的 ,

40、是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式三重点语法(一) 重点句型1.-What do you usually do on weekends? -I often go to the movies. (1) on weekends/on the weekend 在周末(2) go to the movies 去看电影(3) 第一个 do 助动词第二个 do 实意动词2. hardly ever 几乎从不hardly ever 相当于 hardly, ever起强调作用。hardly 为副词，意为“几乎不没有） ” ，相当于almost not，本身具有否定含义，不

41、能再使用其他否定词。E.g. She hardly eats anything. 辨析: hardly 和 hard hard 作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的” ；hard 作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地” 。hardly 意为“几乎不”(1) The ground is too to dig (2) I can understand them. (3) Its raining ,the people can go outside. 3. -How often do you watch TV? -Twice a week. (1) how often 意为“多久一次，多长时间一次”，用来提

42、问频率。(2) twice a week 一周两次拓展: 一次 once 两次 twice 三次或三次以上基数词 + times three times four times 4. Whats your favorite program? = What program do you like best? 你最喜欢的节目是什么？5. How come? 怎么回事？怎么会？表示某件事情很奇怪， 有点想不通； 可单独使用， 也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。How come you didnt tell me about it? = Wh

43、y you didnt tell me about it? 6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。maybe 副词，意为“或许，大概，可能” ，常位于句首。E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park. 辨析： maybe 与 may be maybe副词，作状语，意为“或许，大概，可能” ，常位于句首。may be 属于“情态动词 +be 动词”结构，意为精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -

44、第 8 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - “可能是”。(1) The baby is crying she is hungry. (2) The woman a teacher . 7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them u

45、se the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week. 我们都知道许多学生经常上网，但是让我们感到惊讶的是90% 的学生每天都上网，而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。(1) other: adj. 其他的 +名词the other: adj. 其他的 +名词(在特定的范围内 ) one, the other,一个 , 另一个E.g. One of them is blue，the other ones are purple. 它们的其中一个是蓝色的，其他的是

46、紫色的。others: 其他的东西the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范围内 ) E.g. One of the children likes reading ， the others like singing. 后句可替换为 the other students like singing. (2) at least 至少at most 最多，至多E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most. 9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。1

47、0. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。the answers to our questions 问题的答案dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目， 但是娱乐节目是最流行的。12. It is

48、 good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错， 但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。(1) Its +adj.+to do sth 做某事 , 的E.g. Its very easy to learn English well. (2) by doing sth. 通过做某事(3) the best way to do sth. is 做某事的最好方式13. It

49、 is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。(二)语法知识 : 频度副词1. 频度副词的含义(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按高低依次为always usually sometimes seldom hadly ever never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% (2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once ，两次用 twice，三次

50、或三次以上用 “基数词 +times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 32 页 - - - - - - - - - - (1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后E.g. We never eat junk food. Lucy is sometimes very busy. I can hardly say a word. (2)有些频度副词也可位