2022年不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳 .pdf
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1、不规则动词过去式和过去分词、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t 或 d。如:cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hur
2、t, spread-spread-spread 特殊:动词read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read ,但发音分别是ri:d-red-red 。二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如:1. 把单词结尾的字母d 改为 t。如:lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如:sit-sa
3、t-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以 eep 结尾的动词,把eep 改为 ept。如:keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh 或 ough 结尾的动词。如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有
4、的以 ay 结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay 变成 aid。如:say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如:have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变i 为 a,在过去分词中变i 为 u。如:五、以字母 ow 或 aw 结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词时,通
5、常只在词尾加n。如:blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n 或 en,变成以 en 结尾的单词。如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊:write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridd
6、en, get-got-gotten (二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化情况例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed looked lukt called kC:ld opened 5EupEnd needed ni:did -ed 在清辅音音素后发音为t,在浊辅音后发音为d,在元音后发音也为d -ed 在t、d后发音为 id 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名
7、师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 但 fix 的过去式和过去分词x 不双写,为 fixed. 以-e 结尾的动词加 -d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed moved mu:vd phoned fEund hoped hEupt agreed E5ri:d 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词,变y 为 i,再加 -ed study carry try studied studied carried studied 5stQdid carried 5kArid tri
8、ed traid 以原音字母加y 结尾的词,直接加-ed play enjoy stay played enjoyed stayed played pleid enjoyed in5dVCid stayed steid 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop plan fit stopped planned fitted stopped stCpt planned plAnd fitted 5fitid 以-r 音节结尾的词,双写r 字母,再加 -ed prefer refer preferred referred preferred prIf:d refer
9、red ri5fE: 2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例:原形过去式过去分词cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt (伤害)put(放)let(让)shut(关)cost(花费)set(放)rid(清除)cut hit cast hurt 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - put let shut cost set rid cut hit
10、cast hurt put let shut cost set rid 2过去式与过去分词完全同形。例:原形过去式过去分词find (找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet (遇见)keep (保持)lose(丢失)teach (教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won found paid left lent met kept lost taught sat led won 3动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词come (来)run(跑)精品资料
11、 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - become (成为)came ran became come run become 4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例:原形过去式过去分词give(给)fly(飞)drink (喝)see (看见)go(去)know(知道)wear (穿)speak (说)gave flew drank saw went knew wore spoke given flown drunk seen gone k
12、nown worn spoken 5过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn(燃烧)burned burnt burned burnt learn (学习)learned learnt learned learnt smell(闻)smelled smelt smelled smelt spell (拼写)spelled spelt spelled spelt shine (照射)shined shone shined shone leap (跳)leaped leapt leaped leapt 提示a. beat 的过去式与原形同形:比:beat(打击)beat(过去式)b
13、eaten (过去分词)b. lie 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied (说谎)精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - lay, lain (躺,位于)c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)hung, hung( 挂,吊 ) d. welcome (欢迎) 一词是规则动词, 不可误用为不规则动词比:welcome welcomed, we
14、lcomed(正)welcome, welcome(误)e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比:hit(打)hit, hit (正)hitted, hitted (误)6 现在分词的变化规则规则动词原形现在分词及发音一般在动词原形词尾加-ing ,-ing 发音为iN go push play carry going 5EuiN pushing 5puFiN playing pleiiN carrying 5kAriiN 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take write leave taking 5teikiN writing 5raitiN leaving 5li:viN
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