模糊信息处理教学课件.pptx

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1、模糊信息处理1. 模糊语言含义：存在于语言世界的自然现象语言的模糊性本质在语言学中，语言的模糊性被认为是人类自然语言的基本属性，是复杂的语言体系中复杂且 难以避免的语言的模糊性源自于人类思维和认知的不确定性，包括人类认知的局限性，语言环境的变化，以及口语本身的随机性和松散性模糊语言的特性：（1）含蓄性（2）准确性（3）朦胧美（4）概括性模糊表达的语用功能（1）在口语表达中填补停顿So we should have dinner together next week, lets say , how about Wednesday?(2)使语言表达委婉，灵活，避免绝对化But the leader

2、s ended two days of talks by expressing a vague sense of disappointment ,and both sides offered assessments that the visit had long on rhetoric and promises but short on concrete progress toward resolving the problems caused by Japans huge trade advantage. （3）传递微妙复杂的信息，使语言更 具概括性，避免产生漏洞Thats a high p

3、rice, it is difficult for us to make any sale.2.模糊语言的翻译策略A. 直译用一种语言的模糊语去翻译另一种语言中的模糊语，从而保留模糊信息。 a. When can you effect shipment？Im terribly worried about late shipment. b. We can effect shipment in December or early next year at the least. a. 你们什么时候能交货？我非常担心货物交迟。 b. 我们最晚在今年12月或明年初交货。当英语中的模糊信息存在不对称信息时

4、，就需要用另一种语言中的非对等词来表达语意相同的模糊信息。Eg: I could give you a hundred and one reasons for not going. 我可以给你说出许多不去的理由。B.意译对于一些模糊表达，可以不必拘泥于字面表达的意思，而是将其蕴含的意思进行延伸，便于读者理解。Eg: （1）Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有苦有甜。 （2）See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks

5、was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断交替的出现，一直没有明朗化。 C. 省略对于一些口语表达中并不具有实际意义的模糊信息，在翻译中可以省略。 Eg: （1）People regard him as sort of a hero. 人们把她看做英雄。 （2）True greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank of power. 真正的伟大几乎是与地位和权力无关的。在经贸谈判中，有些模糊信息的运用仅仅是为了不留下漏洞，起到防患于未然的作用。因此，可以在不扭曲原文意思

6、的情况下，进行适当的省略，避免句子显得过于冗长繁杂。Eg: （1）We as the seller reserve the right to lodge a claim for direct losses sustained, if any.作为卖方，我们有权对遭受的直接损失提出索赔。 3.精确与模糊的表示法A. 用精确词表示精确用精确词exactly, precisely, sharp 等，来强调汉语的“精确”数字E.a : （1）火车十点整到达。 a. The train arrived at exactly ten oclock. b. The train arrived at ten

7、oclock precisely. c. The train arrived at ten oclock sharp. （2）会议三点整开始。 a. The meeting started at exactly three oclock. b. The meeting started at three oclock precisely. c. The meeting started at three oclock sharp. B. 用模糊词表示精确汉语的“精确”数字，有时候表达的是个“模糊”概念Eg: （1）67%的受访者可能会对这个栏目兴趣减半。 a. 67% of the intervi

8、ewees would lose half of their interest in the column. b. 67% of the interviewees would reduce their inter interest in the column by half. c. 67% of the interviewees would take less interest in the column. d. 67% of the interviewees would have their interest in the column flag greatly C. 用精确词表示模糊有时，

9、汉语的“模糊”概念，在英语中可以用精确数字组成的词组表示。Eg: （1）午饭后，这位老人通常小睡一会儿。 a. After lunch, this old man usually takes a nap. b. After lunch, this old man usually gets a wink of sleep. . c. After lunch, this old man usually has forty winks. （2）我有许多事情要做。 a. Ive got a lot of things to do. b. Ive got a hundred things to do.

10、c. Ive got a hundred and one things to do. d. Ive got a thousand things to do. e. Ive got a thousand and one things to do.（3）这件事我不但说过，而且多次说过。 a. If Ive said it once, Ive said it many times. b. If Ive said it once, Ive said it again and again. c. . If Ive said it once, Ive said it a hundred times.（4）

11、他千方百计试图解决这个问题。 a. He tried to solve the problem in many ways. b. He tried to solve the problem in a hundred and one ways.（5）多谢您的好意。 a. Many thanks for your kindness. b. A thousand thanks for your kindness. D.用模糊词表示模糊汉语中的“模糊”数字，在英语中可以用about, around , in the neighborhood of 等模糊词或词组表示。（1）飞机场离市中心大约10公里。

12、 a. The airport is about 10 kilometers away from downtown. b. The airport is around 10 kilometers away from downtown.（2）大约三百人出席了会议. a. There were some 300 people at the meeting. b. There were approximately 300 people at the meeting. c. The approximate number of people we were present at the meeting was 300.（3）价格大约500美元。 a. The price is about 500 dollars. b. The price is in the neighborhood of 500 dollars