2022年人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳总结 .pdf

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1、1 Unit 1 whats the matter? 1. What s the matter? 怎么了？若是询问 “ 某人怎么了 ?” 要用“Whats the matter with sb.? ”拓展： What s the matter with sb.? 的同义句：What s wrong with sb.? / What s the trouble with sb.? 中考再现： Hi, John. _? It s Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt. A. How are you B. What s the matter C. Who s that D. W

2、hat s Lucy like 2. 疾病类短语 : . have a + 疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽. have a + 身体部位 -ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛. have a sore+ 身体部位 . e.g.: have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背痛中考再现： Mom, I_. I m sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the de

3、ntist right away. A. have a headache B. have a stomachache C. have a toothache D. have a fever 3. lie down 躺下 V. 躺，平躺。现在分词是 lying. e.g.: Don t lie in bed all morning! 拓展： lie 的词性和含义总结. V. 位于，坐落在。 e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China. .V. 撒谎，说谎。 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。 e.g.: Don t believe her because she

4、always lies. . N. 谎言。tell lies/a lie 说谎。e.g.: You shouldn t tell lies to your parents. 注意含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺位于，坐落在lay lain 撒谎，说谎lied lied 4. if 引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。中考再现： Stop smoking, Joe! You _yourself if you keep on doing it like that. A. will kill B. have killed C. kill D. killed 5.see sb. doing sth. 表示“ 看

5、到某人正在做某事 ” ，强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth. 表示“ 看到某人做某事 ” ，强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games. We often see the boy play computer games. We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 34 页 - - -

6、- - - - - - - 2 When I walked through the playground, I saw my friends _football. A. play B. to play C. playing D. is playing 6. get 短语get up 起来，起床get to(=reach, arrive in/at)到达get on 上车get off 下车get into 陷入，参与get in 进入，到达get back 回来get ready (for.) ( 为.)做准备get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相处7. to one s su

7、rprise 令某人惊讶的是； surprise是名词，惊讶，惊奇。8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难。I always have much trouble _English words. Can you give me some advice? A. to remember B. remember C. remembering 9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。 e.g.: They are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。e.

8、g.：He used to play football, but now he likes playing basketball. 10. take risks/a risk. 冒险。 risk V. 冒险。11.run out 用完，用尽，主语通常是“ 时间，金钱，食物 ” 等无生命的东西。e.g.：All the money ran out. .run out of 用完，主语通常是人。 e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money. 12. off 短语： turn off 关闭，关掉take off 起飞，脱掉put off 推迟，拖延get off

9、 下车give off 发出，散发set off 出发中考再现： We have to _the bike ride because of the bad weather. A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off 13. important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性中考再现 From the show Running Man, we can learn the _of team spirit. .make a decision=decide 后接不定式， “ 做出决定，决定

10、 .”I made a big_ to stop doing my job for a few months. .be in control of 掌管，控制out of control 脱离控制中考再现： The car was out of _and hit a tree by the road. A. danger B. breath C. control D. practice 14.keep (on)doing sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事。中考再现： He kept _so that he could be in health. A. exercise B. exercisin

11、g C. to exercise .give up “ 放弃” 代词放中间give up doing sth. 放弃做某事中考再现 :No matter how hard it is, don t_. Things will be better in the future. A. give out B. give up C. give away 15. 重难点全解：情态动词should 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 sho

12、uld 的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“ 应当，应该 ” ,可用于任何人称。肯定句主语+should+动词原形 +其他否定句主语+should not/shouldn t+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 +should+主语+动词原形？近义表达： ought to /be supposed to do 翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。16. 易错易混全解too many 表示“ 太多” ，修饰可数名词的复数too much 表示“ 太多” ，修饰不可数名词much too 表示“ 太” ，修饰形容词或副词The meat is _expensive

13、and eating _meat isn t good for our health. A.too much, much too B. too much, too much C. much too, too much D. much too, too many because 是连词， “ 因为，由于 ” ，引导原因状语从句because of 是介词短语， “ 因为，由于 ” ，后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the exam _her carelessness. A.because B. so that C. as a result D.

14、because of die V. “ 死，去世，逝世 ”dead adj. “ 死的，死亡的 ”death n. “ 死，死亡 ”中考再现： Lei Feng _for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第

15、 3 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 1.hope to do sth. 希望做某事，含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam. agree to do sth. 同意做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事remember to do sth. 记得做某事forget to do sth. 忘记做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事want to do st

16、h. 想要做某事2.“ 动词+up” 的短语小结：clean up打扫干净cut up 切碎 grow up 长大set up熬夜set up建立，设立stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒take up 占用 give up 放弃use up 用完cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）put up 搭建，张贴make up 组成，编造end up 最终成为，最后处于中考再现： Many volunteers will help to _the city parks next parks next Friday. A. give up B. pick up C.

17、clean up 3.give out：发出，放出（热，光等）The sun gives out light and heat to the earth 用完，耗尽We had just reached home when the petrol gave out. 公布，发表The news of the event was given out over the radio. 4.give 的短语： give away 捐赠，赠给give up 放弃give back 归还give off 发出，放出 give in 让步，屈服give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. 给

18、某人某物5.put off doing sth.推迟做某事e.g.: We can t put off making a plan. 常见的 put 短语： put on 穿上，戴上put out 熄灭，扑灭put up 搭起，升起，张贴put up with 容忍put away 收起来中考再现 :They heard the party was _because of the exam. e up with 提出，想出（答案，计划等）He _many ideas to solve these problem already. 7.used to变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词did. 肯定句

19、主语+used to+动词原形 . 否定句主语+didn t use to+动词原形 . 一般疑问句肯定答语Yes,主语+did. 否定答语No,主语+didn t. 8. care的延伸 : 派生词 :careful 小心的carefully 小心地careless粗心的 carelessly粗心地短语： care for照顾，喜欢care about 关心，在意take care 小心 take care of照顾，照料9.such+ a/an+ 形容词 +名词=so+形容词 +a/an+名词“ 如此.”注意：当名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时，要用 so,而不

20、用 such. 中考再现： We had _awful weather _we couldn t finish the work on time. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 A. so, that B. such, that C. such an, that 10. -ing 是名词后缀。 e.g.：reading阅读 writing 写作 spelling 拼写 swimming游泳skating滑冰fishing

21、钓鱼smoking 抽烟11.be satisfied/pleased with. 对. 满意satisfaction n. 满意，满足12.常见的 “ take+介词/副词” 短语：take down写下， 拆除 take off 起飞， 脱掉 take out取出， 掏出take in 吸收take over 接管take away带走 take up占用 take back收回中考再现： I _my father s wet shoes and washed his feet. A. took out B. took off C. took place 13.常见的 “ 动词+away”

22、 的短语： throw away 扔掉，丢弃 run away逃跑get away逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away离开，使不接近take away带走go away离开 put away收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away远离-What are you doing, Mum? -I m _some old things for a yard sale. A. giving away B. hurrying up C. cleaning out D. walking into 14.be similar to 和.相似/类似e.g.: His dress is

23、similar to mine in color. 15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时am/is/are +done 一般过去时was/were +done 现在进行时am/is/are being +done 一般将来时will be +done am/is/are going to be +done 现在完成时have/has been +done 中考再现： These model cars _in China in 2013. A. are made B. were made C. make D. made 16.make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do st

24、h. 使某人做某事 . find it +adj. （+for sb.)+to do sth. 发现.怎么样17.be excited about 因.而兴奋不已e.g.: We were excited about the good news. 同根词： excite v. 使激动，使兴奋excited adj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人）exciting adj.令人激动的，兴奋的 (常用来修饰事或物） excitement n.激动，兴奋They are _about the _news. A. excited, excited B. exciting, exciting C. exc

25、iting, excited D. excited, exciting 18.could的用法 : 表建议，语气较委婉 “ 可以” e.g.: You could help to clean the park. can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。 e.g.: She couldn t dress herself until five. 19.动词不定式的用法精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 A.动词不定式的语法功能作主语To

26、 learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well. 作表语My job is to look after patients. 作宾语We want to go swimming. 作宾语补足语She invited me to go to the concert. 作定语I have something important to tell you. 作状语She got up early to catch the early bus. 中考再现 :I was tired out,

27、so I stopped the car _a short rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had 状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份. 状语一般由副词、 介词短语、 分词和分词短语、 不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当 .其位置一般放在句末 ,但也可放在句首或句中 . 1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词 ,形容词 ,副词或全句的词 ,说明时间 ,地点,程度,方式等概念 . He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好 . （very 是程度副词 ,用来修饰 we

28、ll. very well 是修饰 speak的程度状语）2.介词短语The boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬.（for his bravery 在句中作原因状语）3.从句作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙 ,我将和你一起踢足球 .（If I am not busy tomorrow 在句中作条件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语. I come specially to see you. 我专门来看你 . （to see

29、you在句中充当目的状语）5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper. 和他妻子吵架后 ,他生气地地离家出走了 .（having had a quarrel在句中作时间状语）Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系 ,所附例句有限 ,希望你能对状语有一个

30、概要的了解. B.“ 特殊疑问词 +动词不定式 ” 结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what, how, when, where, which等之后，作主语，宾语，表语等。e.g.: How to get there is a problem. （作主语）I don t know what to say.(作宾语）The question is how to learn English well.( 作表语）中考再现： -It s important for us to know _all the subjects. -Yeah, group work is my favorite. A. how

31、 to study B. when to study C. which to study D. what to study 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 C.含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan, hope, agree, decide 等。e.g.: We plan to go climbing. My father agreed to take us to the museum. They de

32、cide to join the swimming club. 有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth. 告诉某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事warn sb.to do sth. 警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth. 请求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事中考再现 : We advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away fro

33、m danger. A. leaving B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 20.repair, mend, fix区别repair意为 “ 修理” ，修理的对象着重于破损， 毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。 e.g. : When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio. mend意为“ 修理” ，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具，要缝补的衣物等。 e.g.：My kite is broken. Can you mend it？fix 意为“ 修理” ，强调校准，校正。e.g.:

34、He s outside fixing the brakes in the car. 21.alone, lonely区别alone 可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely 只能作形容词，意为 “ 孤独的，寂寞的 ” 带有一定的感情色彩I was alone, but I did not feel lonely. 中考再现 :She lives _in a small village, but she didn t feel _. A. lonely, lonely B. alone, lonely C. lonely,

35、alone 22.open, close, turn on, turn off open close 用于能直接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书turn on turn off 用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电视，电脑）或水龙头tap 23.bring, take, carry, fetch bring 意为“ 带来” ，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take 意为“ 带走” ,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry 一般指 “ 随身携带 ” ,此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“ 运载”fetch 表示 “ 去取来 ” ，口语中常用get，表

36、示 “ 去某地取某物，再回来” ，表双向动作Unite3 Could you please clean your room? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 8 1. “Could you please do sth.?”的答语以下两种情况：接受请求时可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./My pleasure./It s my pleasure./With

37、 pleasure. 等来回答拒绝请求时可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I can t.等来回答，还可以用I have to do sth. 来解释原因其否定句是 : “Could you please not do sth.?”2. 有关“ 家务劳动 ” 有关的短语：take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾fold one s clothes叠衣服sweep the floor扫地clean the room打扫房间make one s /the bed铺床do the dishes/wash the dishes 洗餐具3. throw down 扔下throw at

38、 扔向，掷向throw away 扔掉，丢弃中考再现： Recycling is good, so don t _bottles or newspapers. A. find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away 4. the minute 表示“ 一.就.” ,相当于 as soon as.( 引导时间状语从句 ) e.g.: I ll tell him the minute he gets there. 5. 常见 time 的短语：all the time一直， 总是 at times 不时， 有时 in time 及时 on time 按时for

39、 the first time 第一次 in no time 立刻，马上at any time随时at the same同时have a good/great/wonderful time玩的愉快by the time 到.的时候中考再现： -Hurry up. It s almost time for school. -Don t worry. We are sure to be at school_. A. at times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time 中考再现： -Hurry up. It s almost time for sch

40、ool. -Don t worry. We are sure to be at school_. Aat times B. on time C. all the time D. by the time 6. as .as 表示“ 和.一样” ，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。e.g.: She is as tall as her elder brother. 中考再现： Look! This house is as _as that one. A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautiful 7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法

41、so+助动词 /be动词/情态动词 +主语当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词 /be 动词/情态动词 +主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时中考再现： -I don t understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob? 否定结构是 not as/so as, 表示“不如 .,比不上.”精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 9 -_. A. Ne

42、ither I do B. Neither do I C. So do I 8. in surprise 惊讶地e.g.: She looked at me in surprise. 9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons. 中考再现： -I d like to know _. -Maybe in the forest. A. whether we will go camping B. where we will go camping C. whether will we go camping D. where will w

43、e go camping 10. in order to “目的是，为了 ” ，后跟动词原形。 in order to do sth. 表示“ 为了做某事” ，否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “ 为了不做某事 ” 。so that, in order that 表示“ 目的是，为了 ” ，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转换为含 to, in order to的句子。中考再现 : In order _for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be la

44、te B. not being late C. to be late D. being late 11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. 表示“ 给某人提供某物 ” 。中考再现： Parents often _their children _some good advice. A. offer; with B. offer;/ C. provide; with D. both B and C 12. “ 动词+on” 的短语： depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于 ., 由.决定get on 上车turn on 打开come o

45、n 快点，加油put on 穿上，上演call on 号召pass on 传递concentrate on 专心，集中精力中考再现： -Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? -It _ the weather. A. carries on B. lives on C. depends on D. holds on 13. since 作连词，意味 “ 因为，既然 ” ，此时引导原因状语从句，表示因果时语气没有 because强烈。（介词），自以来,自从He has eaten nothing since yesterday. （副词），从那以后，此后I

46、 saw him in June, but we haven t met since. (连词)，既然，因为，自以来He has been in the army since he left school. 中考再现 : I _scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 14. take care of 表示“ 照顾” ，和 look after, care for 是同义表达；表示 “ 好好照顾某人” 要用 take

47、good care of sb. =look after sb.well. 中考再现： In our daily life, we must learn to _ourselves well at any time. It s as important as studying. A. deal with B. worry about C. look after 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 34 页 - - - - - - - - - - 10 15. as a result

48、 意为“ 结果，因此 ”eg.: He didn t study hard. _ _ _, he failed his exam. fall 的短语小结： fall asleep 睡着，入睡fall ill 生病fall behind 落后fall off 跌落，从 跌下来fall down 跌倒，摔倒fall in love with 爱上. He _ _and has been in hospital for two days. 重点难点全解16. 用 could 提出要求和征求许可 用 could 提出要求常见的结构是 Could you( please) ? 译为“ 你能吗？” 或“

49、请你.好吗？ ”如果同意就用 OK.或 No problem.等来回答。如果不同意就用Sorry, I can t.等来回答，并以委婉的方式来解释原因。中考再现： -Could you please sweep the floor, Tom? -Sorry, mum, I _. I m doing my homework. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. may not -Could you please turn off the TV? -_，I _. I want to watch the sports news. A. No; couldn t B.

50、Sorry; can t C. Sure; can D. Sorry; couldnt 用 could 征求许可常见的结构是 Could I.?可翻译为 “ 我能/可以.吗？” 此时回答不用 could, 习惯上肯定回答用may, can等；否定回答用can t 或 mustn t(语气中 )。中考再现： -Could I borrow your bike, please? -_. A. Of course you can B. It doesn t matter C. Yes, I d love to D. No, thank you 易错易混全解 both, either, neither