系统工程管理.pptx

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1、系統工程管理OutlineSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessSystem DefinitionHardwareSoftwareEquipmentFacilitiesTechnical DataPersonnelq An integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to

2、 accomplish a single purpose or mission. (NSA/CSS)(NSA/CSS)q A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by elements alone. (NASA)(NASA)q A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime. (Northro

3、p Grumman)(Northrop Grumman)CommandControl &CommunicationsArchitectureSpace SystemSpaceMissionConceptSubjectSpaceSegment(P/L+S/C)Orbit andConstellationLaunchSegmentGroundSegmentMissionOperationsSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessWhat is the Systems Engineering ? (

4、I)The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and .The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and .What is the Systems Engineering ? (II)n Systems engineering is the Systems engineering is the art and scienceart and science of of developing an developing an operable systemoperable system capable of capable of meetingmeeti

5、ng requirements requirements within often opposed within often opposed constraints.constraints.n Systems engineering is a Systems engineering is a holistic, integrative holistic, integrative disciplinediscipline to produce to produce a coherent wholea coherent whole that is that is not dominated by

6、the perspective off a single not dominated by the perspective off a single discipline.discipline.Systems Engineering (Basic Concept)MissionMission(A Large Problem)#1#2#3#NTO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCETO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCEANANOPTIMIZED SOLUTIONOPTIMIZED SOLUTIO

7、NSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESSSYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS(TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS)Relationships between System Engineering and Project ControlSYSTEMS EMGINEERING Requirement Definition Requirement Definition Technical Solution Definition Product Realization Design Rea

8、lization Evaluation Product Transition Technical Management Technical Planning Technical Control Technical Assessment Technical Decision Analysis Planning Risk Management Configuration Management Data Management Assessment Decision AnalysisPROJECT MANAGEMENTPROJECT CONTROL Management Planning Integr

9、ated Assessment Schedule Management Cost Management Resource Management Acquisition managementProject Life-Cycle Phases (NASA)Pre-Phase A :Concept StudiesPhase A :Concept & TechnologyDevelopmentPhase B :Preliminary Design & Technology Completion Phase C :Final Design & FabricationPhase D :System Ass

10、embly Integration & Test LaunchPhase E :Operation &SustainmentPhase F :CloseoutFeasible ConceptTop-Level ArchitectureFunctional BaselineAllocated BaselineProductBaselineAs-DeployedBaselinePhase Phase Configuration Configuration OutputOutputFeasible SystemConcepts in the form of Simulations,Analysis,

11、 Study Reports, Models, and Mockups SystemConceptsDefinitionin the form of Simulations,Analysis, Engineering Models, Mockups,Trade StudyDefinition End Productsin the form of Mockups,Trade Study Results,Specifications,Interface Documents, andPrototypesEnd ProductsDetailed Designs,End Product,Componen

12、tFabrication,And SoftwareDevelopmentOperations-Ready System End ProductWith Supporting Related EnablingProductsProduct CloseoutDesired SystemSystem DefinitionWhat is Systems Engineering?System Engineering ProcessSystems Engineering EngineRequirements FlowRequirements Flow Down From Level AboveDown F

13、rom Level AboveRealized Products Realized Products to Level Aboveto Level AboveRequirements FlowRequirements Flow Down to Level BelowDown to Level BelowRealized ProductsRealized Products From Level AboveFrom Level AboveSYSTEM DESIGN PROCESSRequirements Definition Processes1. Stakeholder Expectations

14、 Definition2. Technical Requirements DefinitionTechnical Solution Definition Processes3. Logical Decomposition4. Design Solution DefinitionTECHNICAL MANAGEMENT PROCESSTechnical Planning Processes10. Technical PlanningTechnical Control Processes11. Requirements Management12. Interface Management13. T

15、echnical Risk Management14. Configuration Management15. Technical Data ManagementTechnical Assessment Processes16. Technical AssessmentTechnical Decision Analysis Processes17. Decision AnalysisProduction TransitionProcesses9. Product TransitionEvaluation Processes7. Product Verification8. Product Va

16、lidationDesign Realization Processes5. Product Implementation6. Product IntegrationPRODUCT REALIZATION PROCESSInterrelationships among the Systems Design ProcessesMission Objectives &ConstraintsMission AuthorityStakeholder ExpectationsOperationalObjectivesMission SuccessCriteriaHigh-LevelRequirement

17、sFunctional andLogicalDecompositionDesign andProduct BreakdownStructureConOpsHigh-LevelRequirementsFunctional &PerformanceAnalysisSufficientDepthWork ?Safe & Reliable ?Affordable ?Select BaselineBaselineRequirements ?StartTrade Studies and Iterative Design LoopNoYesNoYesYesNoStakeholder Expectation

18、DefinitionTechnical Requirement DefinitionLogical DecompositionDesign Solution DefinitionDecision AnalysisPurpose of Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process The main purpose is to identify who the stakeholders are and how they intend to use the product.The early task is to understand the objecti

19、ves of the mission.OperationalObjectivesSuccessCriteriaDesign DriversMission AuthorityMission ObjectivesnAgency strategic plansnAnnouncements of opportunitynRoad mapsn Sciencen Technology demonstrationn Technology developmentn ProgrammaticOperation Drivern Integration and testn Transportationn Scien

20、ce data distributionn .n What measurements ?n How well ?n Operation durationn Environmentn .Stakeholder Expectations Definition Process Initial CustomerExpectationsValidatedStakeholderExpectationsOther StakeholderExpectationsCustomerFlowdownRequirementsConcept of OperationsEnabling ProductSupportStr

21、ategiesMeasure of EffectivenessEstablish List of StakeholdersElicit Stakeholders ExpectationsEstablish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesDefine Stakeholder Expectations in Acceptable StatementsAnalyze Expectation Statements For Measures of EffectivenessValidate That Defined Expectation Statem

22、ents Reflect Bidirectional TraceabilityObtain Stakeholder Commitments to the Validated Set of ExpectationsBaseline Stakeholder ExpectationsOperation ArchitectureTechnical Requirements Definition Process BaselinedStakeholderExpectationsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsBaselined ConceptOf OperationsMeasu

23、res of EffectivenessMeasures ofPerformanceTechnical PerformanceMeasuresAnalyze Scope of ProblemDefine Design andProduct ConstraintsDefine Functional and Behavioral Expectation in Technical TermsDefine PerformanceRequirements for EachDefined Functional and Behavior ExpectationDefine TechnicalRequirem

24、ents in Acceptable “Shall” StatementsValidate TechnicalRequirementsDefine Measure of Performance for Each Measure of EffectivenessEstablish TechnicalRequirements BaselineDefine TechnicalPerformance MeasuresBaselined Enabling SupportsStrategiesCharacteristics of Requirements Technical Requirements Al

25、location Hierarchically to PBSFunctional RequirementsPerformance RequirementsInterface RequirementsOperational Requirements Drive functional RequirementsMission Timeline SequenceMission ConfigurationsCommon and Telemetry StrategyReliability Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Missio

26、n Timeline Sequence Mission Configurations Common and Telemetry StrategySafety Requirements Project Standards Levied Across Systems Toxic Substances Pressurized Vessels Radio Frequency EnergySpecialty Requirements Project Standards Drive Product Design Producibility Maintainability Asset ProtectionF

27、lowdown Requirements Mission ObjectivesMission RequirementsSystem Functional RequirementsCostScheduleConstraintsSystem Performance RequirementsEnvironmental and other Design RequirementsSubsystem ASubsystem BSubsystem CSubsystem DAllocated RequirementsDerivedRequirementsAllocated RequirementsAllocat

28、ed RequirementsAssumptionNEEDSSYSTEMSUBSYSTEMLogical Decomposition Process BaselinedTechnicalRequirementsValidatedTechnicalRequirementsMeasures of PerformanceLogical DecompositionmodelsLogical DecompositionWok ProductsDefine One or More Logical Decomposition modelsAllocate Technical Requirements to

29、Logical Decomposition Models to FormA Set of Derived Technical RequirementsResolve Derived TechnicalRequirements ConflictsValidate the Resulting Set of Derived Technical RequirementsEstablish the Derived Technical Requirements BaselineProduct Breakdown StructureSpacecraftSpacecraftSystemSystemSystem

30、SystemStructureStructureandandMechanismMechanismThermalThermalControlControlAttitudeAttitudeDeterminationDetermination& Control& ControlReactionReactionControlControlTelemetryTelemetryTracking &Tracking &Comm.Comm.EnergyEnergyPowerPowerCommand &Command &DataDataHandlingHandlingStructureStructure Ele

31、ment ElementDeployDeploy Mechanism MechanismSolar PanelSolar PanelRadiatorRadiatorHeat PipeHeat PipeHeaterHeaterMLI MLI (multi-(multi-layer layer insulator)insulator) GyrosGyrosStar TrackerStar TrackerMomentumMomentum Wheels WheelsMagneticMagnetic TorquersTorquersControlControl Electronics Electroni

32、csThrusterThrusterTanksTanksValvesValves AntennasAntennasReceiversReceiversMultiplexersMultiplexersGPS ReceiverGPS ReceiverTWTAsTWTAsSolar ArraysSolar ArraysBatteryBatteryRegulatorRegulatorPower ControlPower ControlOn BoardOn Board Computer ComputerSolid StateSolid State Recorder RecorderRemote I/OR

33、emote I/O Units UnitsSubsystemSubsystemComponentComponentTraveling-wave tubeFunctional Breakdown Block DiagramN2 ChartGABCDEFM M, SS M, E, SS M, E, SS M, E, SSM : Mechanical E : ElectricalSS : Supplied Services : InterfaceDesign Solution Definition Process BaselinedLogical DecompositionmodelsSystemS

34、pecifiedRequirementsBaselined DerivedTechnicalRequirementsSubsystem SpecificationProduct Verificationand ValidationPlanDefine Alternative Design SolutionAnalyze Each Alternative Design Solution Establish Operations Concept and Support StrategiesSelect Best Design Solution AlternativeGeneral Full Des

35、ign Description of the Selected SolutionBaseline Design Solution Specified Requirements and Design DescriptionInitiate Development ofEnabling ProductsEnablingProduct ExistNeed lowerLevelProduct?NoNoYesYesInitiate Development ofNext lower level ProductsEnd Product-SpecifiedRequirementsEnablingProduct

36、s RequirementsSingle Mission OperationsSystem Level Trades and BaselineGROUNDMissionMissionPAYLOADIR SensorSARVIS + NIRHSIORBITLow InclinationSun-Synchh=564 km h=891 kmi=97.650i=98.990ExistingTT&CTDRSReceiving StationNewNCUUpgrade RGSCOM ARCHImaging DataX-BandS-BandTT&CX-BandS-BandScience DataX-Band

37、 S-BandMISSION OPSMuti-Mission OperationsS/C STABILIZ.Three- axisSpin(or Dual Spin)Gravity GradientLAUNCHERAthena IITaurus-XLRocketAthena IXXXXXX: Baseline : AlternativesRequirements Verification MatrixRequirements NoDocumentParagraphShall StatementSuccess CriteriaMethodPhaseResultsP-1xxx3.2.1.1Capa

38、bility: Support UplinkedData (LDR)System XShall Providea Max.Ground-to-StationUplink ofSystem X Locks to forward Link at the Min and Max Data RateTolerancesTest5Report xxxProduct RealizationDesign RealizationDesign RealizationEvaluation ProcessesEvaluation ProcessesProduct Product TransitionTransiti

39、onProcessProcessProduct ImplementationProduct IntegrationProduct VerificationProduct Validation Assembly Functional Evaluation Acquire Make/Code Reuse Functional Environmental Operational Testing in Integration & Test Environment Operational Testing in Mission Environment Product Transition Delivery

40、 to Next Higher Level in PBS Delivery to Operational SystemProduct Implementation Process Required RawMaterialsConfiguration Documentation Subsystem SpecificationProductImplementationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct ImplementationIf Implementation by Buying :Participate in Purchase of Specified end P

41、roductMake the Specified End ProductDesired EndProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct If Implementation by Making :Evaluate ReadinessOf Product ImplementationEnabling ProductsIf Implementation by Reuse :Participate in Acquiring the ReuseEnd ProductPrepare Appropriate Product Suppor

42、t DocumentationPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Implementation Work ProductsProduct Integration Process Lower LevelProducts to beIntegratedConfiguration Documentation Product Documentsand ManualsProductIntegrationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product integrationAsse

43、mble and Integrate the Received Products into the Desired End ProductsDesiredProductEnd Product Design Specifications EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationCapture Product Integration Work ProductsObtain Lower Level Products

44、 for Assembly and IntegrationConfirm That Received Products Have Been ValidatedPrepare the Integration Environment for Assembly and IntegrationSpacecraft ConfigurationBatteryThermal DoublerTMI WallOBMUIPUsSSRRwheels(x4)MTQs (x3)DRUGPS RcvrsTRSPsPropulsion ModuleMAGs(x2)Ombilical IFW/ launcherS-Band

45、antenna (x2)GPS antenna(x2)BASS & radiatorSolar SideSolar Array ConnectorFixed panelProduct Verification Process End Product To Be VerifiedProduct VerificationPlan Product VerificationResultsProductVerificationWork ProductsPrepare to Conduct Product VerificationAnalyze the Outcomes of the product Ve

46、rificationVerified EndProductSpecified RequirementsBaseline EnablingProduct Prepare Appropriate Product Support DocumentationPrepare a Product Verification ReportCapture Work Products from Products VerificationPerform the Product VerificationProductVerificationReportRequirement Allocation, Integrati

47、on, and Verification ProcessMission/SystemMission/SystemRequirementsRequirementsSystemSystemSegmentSegmentRequirementsRequirementsSubsystemSubsystemRequirementsRequirementsUnitUnitRequirementsRequirementsTest UnitsTest UnitsTestTestSubsystemsSubsystemsTest SystemTest SystemSegmentsSegmentsTest Syste

48、mTest SystemVerificationVerificationAllocationAllocationIntegrationIntegrationDesign and Build UnitsDesign and Build UnitsTypes of Verification Analysis The use of mathematical modeling and analytical techniques to predict the suitability of a design. DemonstrationShowing that the use of an product

49、achieves the individual specified requirement. InspectionThe visual examination of a realized end product. Test - The use of an end product to obtain detailed data needed to verify performance, or provide sufficient information to verify performance through further analysis.Products Forms of Verific

50、ation Simulated (algorithmic models, virtual reality simulator). Mockup (plywood, brass board, breadboard) Concept description (paper report); Prototype (product with partial functionality); Engineering unit (fully functional but may not be same form/fit); Design verification test units (form, fit,