医学-外科无菌术PPT课件.ppt
《医学-外科无菌术PPT课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《医学-外科无菌术PPT课件.ppt(42页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、无无 菌菌 术术Introduction Early civilizations practiced salting, smoking, pickling, drying, and exposure of food and clothing to sunlight to control microbial growth.Use of spices in cooking was to mask taste of spoiled food. Some spices prevented spoilage. In mid 1800s Semmelweiss and Lister helped deve
2、loped aseptic techniques to prevent contamination of surgical wounds. 1867年 Lister 石炭酸溶液预防伤口感染无菌术的范畴灭菌灭菌lSterilization: Killing or removing all forms of microbial life (including endospores) in a material or an object. lCommercial Sterilization: Heat treatment that kills endospores of Clostridium bo
3、tulinum the causative agent of botulism, in canned food. 、无菌术的范畴抗菌抗菌 lDisinfection: Reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms to the point where they no longer cause diseases. Usually involves the removal of vegetative or non-endospore forming pathogens.uDisinfectant: Applied to inanimate obj
4、ectsuAntiseptic: Applied to living tissue (antisepsis).uDegerming: Mechanical removal of most microbes in a limited area. Example: Alcohol swab on skin.uSanitization: Use of chemical agent on food-handling equipment to meet public health standards and minimize chances of disease transmission. E.g: H
5、ot soap & water.无菌术的范畴预防院内感染 Nosocomial infectionsSepsis: Comes from Greek for decay or putrid. Indicates bacterial contamination.Asepsis: Absence of significant contamination.Aseptic techniques are used to prevent contamination of surgical instruments, medical personnel, and the patient during surg
6、ery. Aseptic techniques are also used to prevent bacterial contamination in food industry.外科无菌术是针对感染来源所采取的预防措施,由机械性除菌法、灭菌法、抗菌法和一定的操作规则及管理制度组成。是以预防手术伤口感染为主,是各种手术、穿刺、注射、插管、换药等过程中必须遵守的原则和应用方法。 外源性沾染 直接接触 空气飞沫内源性沾染 肠道1. Number of Microbes: The more microbes present, the more time it takes to eliminate p
7、opulation.2. Type of Microbes: Endospores are very difficult to destroy. Vegetative pathogens vary widely in susceptibility to different methods of microbial control.3. Environmental influences: Presence of organic material (blood, feces, saliva) tends to inhibit antimicrobials, pH etc.4. Time of Ex
8、posure: Chemical antimicrobials and radiation treatments are more effective at longer times. In heat treatments, longer exposure compensates for lower temperatures.沾染沾染感染感染 细菌的数量和毒力 机体的抗感染能力灭菌法灭菌法 Sterilization 是事先用物理的方法,杀灭将与手术区或切口接触的器械、物品上附着的微生物(包括带芽胞的)。抗菌法抗菌法(消毒法消毒法) Disinfection 是应用化学药物杀灭或清除人体或物品
9、上的病原微生物有关的操作规则和管理制度有关的操作规则和管理制度是使已经灭菌和消毒的物品、已作无菌准备的手术人员和手术区不再被污染的保证。无菌术方法的分类机械除菌法 清洁作用 刷洗 隔离作用 口罩帽子手术衣铺巾 净化作用 手术室的超滤设备目的: 减少细菌数量 阻挡细菌播散 (一)灭菌的主要方法(一)灭菌的主要方法 l热力 高压蒸气灭菌法蒸气灭菌法 煮沸灭菌法 火烧法 (95%酒精) 干燥法Dry Heat: l紫外线辐射法l电离辐射 X线和线(60Co)高压蒸气灭菌法 Autoclave适用于: 器械 敷料 布类 器皿指标: 蒸气压力 1.061.40kgf/cm 温度(饱和蒸气相对温度)121
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 医学 外科 无菌 PPT 课件
限制150内