Unit 10 商品合同的翻译教学课件.pptx

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1、商务英语翻译（第三版）第十章 商品合同的翻译知 识 目标：1.了解商务合同用语与普通商务用语的区别2.学会和掌握商务合同的基本格式和习惯用语、句型能 力 目标：1.了解基本的商务合同翻译技巧和方法2.能独立进行大段商务合同的英译汉翻译第一节 导入与测试部分 商务合同是有关各方进行某种商务合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务，而正式依法订立的、经过公证的、必须共同遵守的协议条文。商务合同和其他合同一样，具有强制执行力，受法律保护。 测试题一、试着将下列英文商务合同中的句子翻译成中文。 1. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languag

2、es in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 2. The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract. On the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void. 3. T

3、he outstanding claims and liabilities existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract.The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor. 4. If any contract party is prevented

4、 from performing all or part of its obligations owing to Force Majeure, it shall be relieved all of or part of its obligations. 5. In case no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of I

5、nternational Trade for arbitration in accordance with its provisional rules of procedure. 英语商务合同的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate），常用专业术语、古体词或外来词，以及一组同义词、近义词或相关词的并列，表达正式、严谨，不易产生歧义。 测试题二、查找资料，将下列英文商务合同中的常用语翻译成中文。 1.Force Majeure 2.arbitration 3.governing law 4.null and void 5

6、.hereinafter 6.status quo 7.bona fide 8.de facto 9.miscellaneous 10.annex第二节 商务合同的简介 商务合同（英文：business contract, commercial contract）用以规定当事人的权利与义务，是预防与解决争议的依据。 一、商务合同的签订原则 商务合同签订时，要遵循以下基本原则：（一）平等原则。 双方当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。采取欺诈或者胁迫手段订立的合同无效。 （二）公平原则。 签订商务合同的当事人应当遵循公平原则确定各方的权利和义务。 （三）诚信原则。 当事人行使

7、权利、履行义务时应当遵循诚实守信的原则。在大多数情况下，合同一方当事人必须向另一方提供对于合同的订立和履行具有重大影响的正确诚实信息。比如在签订保险合同时，健康险的投保人必须如实说明自己的健康状况，否则保险公司有权解除该合同。 （四）合法原则。 合同的签订应当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社会公德 二、商务合同的主要构成 从商务合同的内容上来说，一般由前言（Preamble）、正文（Main Body）和结尾（Final Clauses）三个主要部分组成。 前言的主要内容有：该商务合同双方的名称（字号）或姓名、国籍、业务范围、法定住址、商务合同签订日期和地点，签订该商务合同的原因或目的，达成商务合同

8、所遵循的原则及授权范围。 要注意的是： 1.商务合同当事人：可以超过两人，人数没有法律限定；当事人的名称应使用全称。 2.法定地址：应是固定的，而不是临时的，亦不是下属分公司的。 3.签订日期：应为商务合同的生效时间。 正文是商务合同的主体，由法律条款所组成，明确规定当事人各方的权利、义务、责任和风险等，由各类实质有效的条款组成。商务合同的正文部分因该商务合同的性质而有一定的差异性。例如：商务买卖合同和商务租赁合同的条款约定肯定不会完全一样。 商务合同的结尾也被称为合同的最后条款，主要内容包括合同生效、合同使用文字、补充条文及额外协议等。 中文的商务合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或

9、营业场所，然后是合同正文，结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字日期。英语商务合同和中文商务合同约首的规定内容差不多，除了句型句式和措辞用句有所不同。一般以下面这类句式为开头： This agreement/contract is made and entered into this _ day of _(month), _ (year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called “Party A ”) and Party B (hereinafter called “Party B”) 然后是开始陈述： WHEREAS.THEREFORE It

10、 is hereby agreed as follows: 或者是： WITNESSETH, WHEREAS NOW THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 接着是正文，最后是证明部分： IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and ye

11、ars first above written. 随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字，签字日期一般在英文合同最下面。 英语商务合同专业性强、相当正式，在英翻汉时，除了要注意译文的忠实通顺，还要注意规范使用法律专业术语，涉及数字和时间、地点、货币符号等关键性细节时，要特别注意翻译的准确无误。第三节 翻译案例与分析 一、原文Sample 1FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFinancial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial inst

12、itutions that are established and operated in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Peoples Republic of China: (1) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks); (2) branches of fo

13、reign bank in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches); (3) banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks); (4) finance companies incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China (hereina

14、fter referred to as foreign finance companies); (5) finance companies incorporated jointly by foreign and Chinese financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies).Sample 2Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic messageThe Seller must a

15、t his own expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport document for the agreed port of destination.This document (for example a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill or an inland waterway document) must cover the contracted goods, be dated within the period agre

16、ed for shipment, enable the buyer to claim the goods from the carrier at the port of destination and, unless otherwise agreed, enable the buyer to sell the goods in transit by the transfer of the document to a subsequent buyer (the negotiable bill of lading) or by notification to the carrier.When su

17、ch a transport document is issued in several originals, a full set of originals must be presented to the buyer.Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate electronically, the document referred to in the preceding paragraphs may be replaced by an equivalent data interchange (EDI) messag

18、e.Sample 3TRADE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF The government of the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as China) and the government of the Republic of (hereinafter referred to as ), in pursuance of the trade and

19、 payments agreements signed between the two governments on 14th September, 2016, have, through friendly negotiations on the trade for the first agreement year (2017) between China and, entered into the following agreements; Article 1 The Peoples Republic of China shall, according to its requirements

20、, import from commodities enumerated in list “A” for a total amount of .$(U.S. dollars) Article 2 The Republic of shall, according to its requirements, import from China commodities enumerated in list “B” for a total amount of $ (U.S. dollars)Article 3List “A” and list “B” as mentioned above are par

21、ts of this contract, which have no restriction on exchanges of commodities that are not in the lists.Article 4The quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the importers and exporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides and prices shall be fixed in accordance t

22、o both sides and the prices shall be fixed in accordance with world market prices.Article 5In accordance with the stipulation mentioned in Article 16 of the Trade and Payment Agreement referred to above, the credit line shall be $.(U.S. dollars)This contract shall become operative from the date on w

23、hich the trade and payment agreement comes into force and shall be valid for one year. Done in duplicate in Beijing on the 14th day of September 2016 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts being equally authentic.For the Government For the GovernmentOf the Peoples Of the RepublicRepublic o

24、f China of (Signature) (Signature)Sample 4 Employee Non-disclosure Agreement For good consideration, and in consideration of being employed by _ (company), the undersigned employee hereby agrees and acknowledges: 1. That during the course of my employment there may be disclosed to me certain trade s

25、ecrets of the company; the said trade secrets consisting but not necessarily limited to: a) Technical information: methods, processes, formulas, compositions, systems, techniques, inventions, machines, computer programs and research projects. b) Business information: customer lists, pricing data, so

26、urces of supply, financial data and marketing, production or merchandising systems or plans. 2. I agree that I shall not during, or at any time after the termination of my employment with the Company, use for myself or others, or disclose or divulge to others including future employees, any trade se

27、crets, confidential information or any other proprietary data of the Company in violation of this agreement. 3. That upon the termination of my employment from the company: a) I shall return to the Company all documents and property of the Company, including but not necessarily limited to: drawings,

28、 blueprints, reports, manuals, correspondence, customer lists, computer programs, and all other materials and all copies thereof relating in any way to the Companys business, or in any way obtained by me during the course of employment. b) The Company may notify any further or prospective employer o

29、r third party of the existence of this agreement, and shall be entitled to full injunctive relief for any breach. c) This agreement shall be binding upon me and my personal representative and successors in interest. Sample 5 EXCLUSIVE AGENCY CONTRACTIn consideration of the exclusive rights granted h

30、erein, Party A shall not, directly or indirectly, sell or export the commodity stipulated in Article 4 to customers in Singapore through channels other than Party B; Party B shall not sell, distribute or promote the sales of any products competitive with or similar to the above commodity in Singapor

31、e and shall not solicit or accept orders for the purpose of selling them outside Singapore. Party A shall refer to Party B any enquiry or orders for the commodity in question received by Party A from other firms in Singapore during the validity of this agreement.1. Market ReportIn order to keep Part

32、y A well informed of the prevailing market conditions, Party B should undertake to supply Party A, at least once a quarter or at any time when necessary, with market reports concerning changes of the local regulations in connection with the import and sales of the commodity covered by this agreement

33、, local market tendency and the buyers comments on quality, packing, price, etc. of the goods supplied by Party A under this agreement. Party B shall also supply party A with quotations and advertising materials on similar products of other suppliers.2. Advertising and ExpensesParty A shall bear all

34、 expenses for advertising and publicity in connection with the commodity in question in Singapore within the validity of this agreement, and shall submit to Party A all audio and video materials intended for advertising for prior approval.3. CommissionParty A shall pay Party B a commission of 5% on

35、the net invoiced selling price on all orders directly obtained by Party B and accepted by party A. No commission shall be paid until Party A receives the full payment for each order.4. Transactions Between Governmental BodiesTransactions between governmental bodies of Party A and Party B shall not b

36、e restricted by the terms and conditions of this agreement, nor shall the amount of such transactions be counted as part of the turnover stipulated in Article 5.5. Industrial Property RightsParty B may use the trade-marks owned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines covered herein within th

37、e validity of this agreement, and shall acknowledge that all patents, trademarks, copy rights or any other industrial property rights used or embodied in the Washing Machines shall remain to be the sole properties of Party A. Should any infringement be found, Party B shall promptly notify and assist

38、 Party A to take steps to protect the latters rights.二、译文例例1 金融机构金融机构 本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构：（一）总行在中国境内的外国资本银行（以下简称外资银行）（二）外国银行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）（三）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的银行（以下简称合资银行）（四）总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）（五）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）例例2交

39、货凭证，运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息交货凭证，运输单据或有同等作用的电子讯息 卖方应自付费用，毫不延迟地向买方提供表明载往约定目的港的通常运输单据。 此单据（如可转让提单，不可转让海运单或内河运输单据）必须载明合同货物，其日期应在约定的装运期内，使买方得以在目的港向承运人提取货物，并且，除非另有规定，应使买方得以通过转让单据（可转让单据）或通过通知承运人，向其后手买方出售在途货物。 如此运输单据有数份正本，则应向买方提供全套正本。 如买卖双方约定使用电子方式通讯，则前项所述单据可以由具有同等作用的电子数据交换（EDI）讯息代替。例例3 3中华人民共和国政府和共和国政府贸易合同中华人民共和国政

40、府和共和国政府贸易合同中华人民共和国政府（以下简称中国）和共和国政府（以下简称国），根据2016年9月14日签定的两国政府贸易和支付协议，就第一个协定年度(2017年)的贸易进行了友好协商，达成如下协议；第一条第一条中国根据需要从国进口附表 “A” 所列的商品，总值为美元。 第二条第二条共和国根据需要从中国进口附表“B”所列的商品，总值为美元。第三条第三条附表“A”和附表“B”为本合同的组成部分，对未列入上述附表内的商品的交换，无限制之意。第四条第四条两国进出口公司所交换的商品质量和价格应为双方都能接受，并按照国际市场价格定价。第五条第五条根据上述贸易和支付协定第16条规定，透支额为美元。本合

41、同将于贸易和支付协定生效之日起实施，有效期为一年。本合同于2016年9月14日在北京签定，一式两份，用中文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。中华人民共和国政府代表 共和国政府代表 （签字） （签字）例例4 4员工保密协议员工保密协议出于各方考虑，并鉴于被（公司）雇佣，我（签署本协议的员工）同意并接受：1.受雇期间可能被透露有关公司的商业秘密；上述商业秘密包括但不限于：a) 技术信息：方法、程序、公式、成分、系统、技术、发明、机器、电脑程序和研究项目。b) 商业信息：客户名单，价格资料，供应来源，财务数据和市场，生产或销售体系或计划。2我同意在受雇期间，或与公司终止关系后的任何时间，遵守本协议规

42、定，不为自己或其他人使用或向他人包括公司将来的雇员透露任何商业秘密，保密信息或其他任何与公司相关的资料。3一旦终止与公司的雇佣关系：a) 我应归还所有公司的文件和财产，包括但不限于：图纸、蓝图、报告、手册、信件、客户名单，电脑程序和其他任何与公司业务有关的，或在雇佣期间取得的材料及复印件。b) 公司可以告知任何将来的或可能的雇员或第三方本协议的存在，并有权就任何违约行为采取禁止令措施。c) 本协议对我及我的代表和有关继任人有效。例例5 独家代理协议独家代理协议基于本协议授予的独家代理权，甲方不得直接或间接地通过乙方以外的渠道向新加坡顾客销售或出口第四条所列商品，乙方不得在新加坡经销、分销或促销

43、与上述商品相竞争或类似的产品，也不得招揽或接受以到新加坡以外地区销售为目的的订单，在本协议有效期内，甲方应将其收到的来自新加坡其他商家的有关代理产品的询价或订单转交给乙方。1.商情报告为使甲方充分了解现行市场情况，乙方承担至少每季度一次或在必要时随时向甲方提供市场报告，内容包括与本协议代理商品的进口与销售有关的地方规章的变动、当地市场发展趋势以及买方对甲方按协议供应的货物的品质、包装、价格等方面的意见。乙方还承担向甲方提供其他供应商类似商品的报价和广告资料。2. 广告费用乙方负担本协议有效期内在新加坡销售代理商品做广告宣传的一切费用，并向甲方提交所用于广告的声像资料，供甲方事先核准。3. 佣金

44、对乙方直接获取并经甲方确认接受的订单，甲方按净发票售价向乙方支付5%的佣金。佣金在甲方收到每笔订单的全部货款后才会支付。4. 政府间交易在甲、乙双方政府部门之间达成的交易不受本协议条款的限制，此类交易的金额也不应计入第五条规定的最低业务量。5. 工业知识产权在本协议有效期内，为销售有关洗衣机，乙方可以使用甲方拥有的商标，并承认使用于或包含于洗衣机中的任何专利、商标、版权或其他工业产权为甲方独家拥有。一旦发现侵权，乙方应立即通知甲方并协助甲方采取措施保护甲方权益。三、译文分析1.hereinafter的英文释义为“later in the same Contract”，中文译词为“以下，在下文”

45、。一般与referred to as，called等词组连用，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻，以避免重复。2. Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in these Regulations refer to the following financial institutions that are established and operated in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the Peoples

46、Republic of China.译文：本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境内设立和营业的下列金融机构。（1） 此句中，“financial institution”的翻译为“金融机构”，“foreign capital译为“外国资本”。（2）“in accordance with”意思为“依照，按照”，与它意思相近的词组有“in conformity with”，意思为“同一致”。 （2）E. g. I shall be glad if you will forward fifty tons of coal, in accordance wit

47、h your sample.译文：请按照贵公司提供的样品，供应我公司50吨煤炭，谢谢。E. g. These documents are not in conformity with the request of L/C.译文：这些单据与信用证要求的不一致。3.subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head offices are in China.译文：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。（1）“head office”应译为“总部，总行”。 E. g. head office of the Agricultural Bank

48、 of China译文：中国农业银行总行（2）这里的“subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital”在翻译时，应译成“外国资本银行”，理解成“外资银行的子银行”，因为很少有外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是常见做法。4.finance company：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的、专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为“会计事务所”，则要译成：accounting firm。5.foreign banks，外资银行；foreign bank branches，外资银行分行；foreign f

49、inance companies，外资财务公司；equity joint-venture finance companies，合资财务公司例21以上篇章来自国际贸易术语解释通则，有着明显的法律、法规英语的特征。如: must、may、the agreed、unless、otherwise、agreed、referred to等都带有法规英语风格特征的标记，译者必须把这一风格信息传递到汉语译文中去。2.The Seller must at his own expense provide the buyer without delay with the usual transport docume

50、nt for the agreed port of destination. 译文：卖方应自付费用，毫不延迟地向买方提供表明载往约定目的港的通常运输单据。（1）此句明确地规定了卖方在出口货物时需遵守的义务与规定。“The Seller must at his own expense”意思为“卖方应自付费用”。“at ones own expense”意为 “由某人自付费用”，为常见的法律英语。（2）“agreed port of destination”译为“约定的目的港”，其中“agreed”为“agree”的分词形式的形容词用法，意思为“约定好的”。 3.This document (fo