【公开课课件】Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件2021-2022学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册.pptx

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1、Unit4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful StructuresDescribe space facts and efforts to explore space Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. PresentationI trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. A

2、s we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 目的目的First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 目的Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentatio

3、nSome scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.做后置定语，修饰dreamOn 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 做后置定语，修饰the first person不定式作定语、状语不定式作定语、状语Infinitives(1)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词动词原形原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名

4、词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish （一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意义的名词）

5、只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. He was the first one to think of the idea.2. You are the only person to be late.3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.当修饰的名词前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序数词或形容词最 高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1. Do you have anything to say?2. There is no

6、thing to worry about.3. I want to get something to drink.3.当修饰的词为something, nothing, anything 等不定代词时。4.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.即学即练 单句语法填空1. The airport _ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. Do you

7、 have something _ (do) tonight?3. The best way _ (improve) your English is to join an English club. to be completedto doto improve（二）不定式作目的状语1. A group of young people gathered together to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。 2. In order to help him, would do everything we can. 为了帮助他，

8、我们将尽我们所能。为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。1.1.目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与目的状语：置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与in orderin order或或so asso as组成短语。组成短语。 不定式作目的状语时， 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.（二）不定式作目的状语1. I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。2. 2. 目的状语：置于句首时只用目的状语：置于句首时只用to do/in order

9、to do.to do/in order to do.如用于如用于表示否定，表示否定，in orderin order或或so asso as不能省略，用不能省略，用in order not to doin order not to do或或so as not to doso as not to do形式。形式。（二）不定式作目的状语He worked very hard to pass the exam.=He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. 他非常努力以便能通过考试他非常努力以便能通过考试3. 3. 不定式

10、作目的状语可转换为不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order thatso that/in order that引导的引导的目的状语从句目的状语从句（二）不定式作原因状语和结果状语3. 结果状语：结果状语：多见于“too.to（太.以不能）”；“enough to.”；“only to do”“so/such.as to（如此.以至于）句型中。 1. He rushed back, only to find the book missing. 2. He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。他到上学的年龄了。 3. She is so p

11、roud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。她太骄傲了，看不起别人。2.原因状语：多用于原因状语：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+to do”句型中。句型中。 She was disappointed to hear the news.她听到新闻很失望。她听到新闻很失望。 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didnt fit.她急切地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。 动词不定式

12、作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。His father passed away, leaving him a little money. 他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。 PracticeRewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly. Examples:1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who go

13、t married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.PracticeIn space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.3. Mankind has always been curious

14、about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to ex

15、ercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy. Practice_.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy_._.5. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in sp

16、ace because everything would float off otherwise.6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under controlAstronants have to use tape to stick e

17、verythingdown while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating offComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip

18、would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) current technology, it would take over two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing_ (know)in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists to achiev

19、eusingto getknownComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.figure out a way _ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting w

20、ith growing crops in space so as _ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to storeto help3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.Production1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_, you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to cometo find the others had gone home