2022年中考英语复习资料中考英语必背词语辨析20组必考词组句型100例.pdf

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1、中考英语复习资料：2016中考英语必背词语辨析 20 组+ 必考词组、句型100 例导读： 在英语考试中， 很多词语容易被大家混淆，中考试题考查词语辨析主要是每组词或短语之间的细小差别，是为了检测同学们辨别词形和运用词汇的能力，下面我们来盘点中考英语必背20 组词语辨析，希望对大家有所帮助。词语辨析集中在对实词，即对名词动词、形容词、副词等的考查，主要考查同义、近义、形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析。1. after, in这两个介词都可以表示“ (时间)以后”的意思 ?after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子中?如：She went after three

2、days. 她是三天以后走的 ?in 以现在为起点， 表将来一段时间以后， 常用于将来时态的句子中 ?如：She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走 ?2. how long, how often, how soon精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - how long指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间 (如 three days, four weeks 等)提问?如：How long ago was it? 这

3、是多久前的事了 ?how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频率副词或状语(如 once a week等)提问?如： How often does he come here? Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次 ?每月一次 ?how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如：How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来 ?3. few, a few, little, a little, several, somefew 和 little 的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而 a few

4、和 a little 的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一点儿”?few 和 a few 修饰可数名词 ;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词 ?several 用于修饰可数名词，语意比a few 和 some 更肯定，含有“好几个”的意思 ?some 可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，从数量上说，它有时相当于a few 或 a little, 有时指更多一些的数量 ?4. the other, another精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 30 页 - - -

5、- - - - - - - the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”， 表示特指 ?如： We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边，他们站在那边?another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”，表示泛指，所以常用来指至少三个中的一个 ?如：She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书 ?5. spend, take, cost, payspend 的宾语通常是时间 ?金钱?在主动语态中， 句子的主语必须是人， 而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾

6、语?如：She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书 ?take 常常用来指“花费”时间，句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如：How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?cost 指花费时间 ?金钱或力气等，只能用表示事物的词做主语，并且不能用于被动语态 ?如：How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱 ?pay 主要指主语 (某人)买某物(或为某事 )付多少钱 (给某人 )?如： I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金 ?6.

7、 speak, say, talk, tell精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 这四个动词都有“说”的意思?speak 的意思是“讲话 ;演讲”，着重指说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说，多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时，其宾语是语言名称 ?如：He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语 ?say 的意思是“说 ;讲”，一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词 ?代词或直接引语等 ?如：She says

8、, “Don t draw on the wall!”她说：“别在墙上画画 !”talk 的意思是“说;讲;谈话”，与 speak 意义比较接近， 但不如 speak 正式，着重强调两人之间的相互谈话，也可指单方面的谈话?如：She is talking with John in English。她正在和约翰用英语交谈?tell 意为“告诉 ;讲述;吩咐”，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人，常接双宾语 ?除了 story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外，还可以接人等间接宾语?如：She is telling the children a story。她正在给孩子

9、们讲故事 ?7. among, betweenbetween 的意思是“在中间，在之间”，一般指在两者之间?如：There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间，但那是指在每二者之间?如：the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系 (这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - -

10、 - - -第 4 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - among 的意思是“在中间 ?在之中”，一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中 ?如：The teacher distributed them among the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生 ?8. beat, win这两个词都有“获胜，打败”的意思，但其后宾语不同?beat 是“打败，优于”的意思，后面接人或队?如：We beat them. 我们打败了他们 ?win 指“赢，获胜”，后面接比赛?名次?如：We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们

11、赢了这场比赛 (获得了第一名 )?9. agree with, agree on, agree toagree on 表示“就取得一致意见” ?如：We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发 ?agree with表示“与意见一致”，后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词，也可以跟表示意见 ?看法的名词或 what 引导的从句 ?如：I agree with you without reservation。我毫无保留地同意你的意见?We agree with what you said just now。我们同意你刚才所说的意见?agre

12、e to后面不能接人，只能接“提议，计划，方案”等词句?如：I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件 ?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 10. bring, take, carry,fetch这四个词都是动词，都含有“带”或“拿”的意思，但使用的场合各不相同?bring 作 “带来，拿来” 解?如： Next time don t forget to bring me a copy of y

13、our work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我?take 是 bring 的对语，作 “带去，拿去”解?如：Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走 ?carry 表示“运载，携带”之意，运送的方式很多，可以用车?船，也可以用手甚至用头 ?如：This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人 ?fetch 则表示 “去拿来”的意思 ?如： Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我?11. each, every两词都是“每个”

14、的意思，但着重点不同?each 着重个别的情况， every 着重全体，有“所有的”的意思?如：She knows each student of the class。她认识这个班里的每一个学生?She knows every student of the class。她认识这个班所有的学生 ?12. no one, none精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - no one 指“没有人 (只能指人，不能用来指物)”，意思与 nobo

15、dy相同，作主语时不必跟 of 连用，如： No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他，因为他不诚实?No one else but I went. 除我以外，谁也没去 ?none 指“一个也没有 (既可指人，也可指物 )”，作主语时代替不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 ;代替可数名词，谓语动词用单?复数都可以 ?但在 “主+ 系+表”结构中，如果表语为复数， 则系动词要用复数形式 ?如：None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难 ?13. go on doing, go on

16、to do, go on with这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思，其区别如下：go on doing表示“继续做，一直在做某事(中间无间断 )”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”，即某事已做完，接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”，其含义是某一动作一度中止后，又继续下去?14. too much, much too二者都有“太，非常”之意， much too为副词词组，修饰形容词 ?副词，不可修饰动词 ?如：Its much too cold。天气实在是太冷了 ?too much作“太多”讲，有以下三种用法?(1)作名词词组 ?如：You have give

17、n us too much. 你给我们的太多了 ?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如：Don t drink toomuch wine. 不要饮太多的酒 ?(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如：She talks too much. 她说话太多 ?15. lonely, alone二者都可表示“孤独，独自”，alone 指客观存在的“孤独”，而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”?如：I w

18、ent alone. 我是一个人去的 ?Mary lived alone, but she didnt feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活，但她并不感到孤独?16. happen, take place与 occurhappen有 “偶然”的意思，多用于客观事物 ?情况的发生 ?如： Whatever has happened to your arm? Its all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了 ?肿得好历害 ,本空间名为腾讯认证（蔡章兵主编QQ757722345）空间，本空间每天都有5 篇左右资源更新，你只须点击空间顶部“关注”并设置为特别关心， 就会收到每天更新的信息，欢迎加

19、微信czbqsyy收听更多信息。occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”?有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中?如：Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 具体事物 ?事件作主语时， happen和 occur 可以通用 ?如：The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的

20、?take place 指事件发生，但常用来表示“举行”的意思，带有非偶然性?例如：The meeting took place last night。会议昨晚举行 ?17. in front of, in the front ofin front of的意思是“在前面” ?如：There is a tree in front of the house 。房子前面有一棵树 ?in the front of的意思是“在前部”，指在某个空间范围内的前面?如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板?18. fin

21、d, find out两者都有“发现”的意思，但语义有差别?find 有偶然发现某物的意味 ?如：He found a bag on the floor. 他发现地板上有个书包 ?find out指“经过，探听，询问”，指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”?如：Please find out who took my book by mistake。请查清楚谁错拿了我的书?19. noise, voice, sound精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 30 页 - - - - - -

22、- - - - 这三个词都作“声音”解，在表示“听到声音”这个意思时，三者可以通用?但它们又各有特定的含义?sound 作 “声音”解， 含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音， 如： a weak sound 微弱的声 ?noise 作“噪音，嘈杂声，吵闹声”解，指不悦耳，不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词?如：Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音 ?voice 作“声音”解时，多指人发出的声音，包括说话声?歌声和笑声 ?如：He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊 ?有时也用于引申意义， 作“意见

23、 ?发言权”解 ?如：I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事，我没有发言权?20. arrive, get, reach三者均可表示“到达” ， arrive 后通常接介词 at( 一般用于较小的地方 )或 in(一般用于较大的地方 )?如：We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了 5 分钟到车站 ?又如： They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎get 之后通常接介词to?如：When we got to the park, it beg

24、an to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - reach 是及物动词 (较 get 更正式 )， 其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如：He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京 .1. want to do sth. 想做某事Eg. I want to go to school. 2. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事Eg.

25、. I want my son to go to school.welcome to sp欢迎到某地3. be different from 与- 不同Eg. The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing. 4. be the same as 与相同Eg. His trousers are the same as mine. 5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好Eg. Mr. Wang is very friendly to us. 6.welcome t Eg. Welcome to China. 精品资料

26、 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7. What s the matter with sb./ sth? 出什么毛病了？Eg. What s the matter with your watch? 8. what to do 做什么Eg. We don t know what to do next. 9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事Eg. Let him enter the room. 10. let sb. not

27、do sth. 让某人不做某人Eg. Let him not stand in the rain. 11. why dont you do sth? 怎么不做某事呢？= Eg. Why don t you play football with us? 12. why not do sth.? 怎么不做某事呢？Eg. Why not play football with us? 13. make sb. sth. 为某人制造某物 = Eg. My father made me a kite. 14. make sth for sb. 为某人制造某物Eg. My father made a kit

28、e for me. 15. What mean by ？做是什么意思？精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - Eg. What do you mean by doing that? 16. like doing sth. 喜爱做某事Eg. Jim likes swimming. 17. like to do sth.喜爱做某事Eg. He doesn t like to swim now. 18. feel like doing st

29、h. 想做某事Eg. I feel like eating bananas. 19. would like to do sth. 愿意做某事Eg. Would you like to go rowing with me? 20. would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事Eg. Id like you to stay with me tonight. 21. make sb. do sth. 逼使某人做某事Eg. His brother often makes him stay in the sun. 22. let sb. do sth.让某人做某事Eg. Let m

30、e sing a song for you. 23. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Eg. You shouldnt have the students work so hard. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 24. be far from sp离某地远Eg. His school is far from his home. 25. be near to sp离某地近Eg. The hospital is

31、near to the post office. 26. be good at sth./doing sth.擅长某事 / 做某事Eg. We are good at English. They are good at boating. 27. It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事Eg. It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes. 28. sb. spends some time/money （in ）doing sth. 某人花

32、多少时间做某事Eg. I spent twenty years in writing the novel. 29. sb. spends some time/money on sth.某事花了某人多少时间 / 金钱Eg. Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike. 30. sth. costs sb. some money.某物花了某人多少钱精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - Eg. The bike cos

33、t Jim 1000 yuan. 31. sb. pays some money for sth.某人为某物付了多少钱Eg. Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike. 32. begin/start with sth. 开始做某事Eg. The started the meeting with a song. 33. be going to do sth. 打算做某事Eg. We are going to study in Japan. 34. call A B 叫 A B Eg. They called the village Gumtree. 35. thank s

34、b. for sth./doing sth.感谢某人做某事Eg. Thank you for your help. Thank you for helping me. 36. What for? 为什么Eg. What do you learn English for? 37. How/ what about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？Eg. How about going fishing? 38. S +be+ the+最高级 +of/in短语= 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第

35、 15 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - Eg. Lucy is the tallest in her class. 39. S + be +比较级 +than any other + n. Eg. Lucy is taller than any other student in her class. 40. have to do sth.不得不做某事Eg. I have to go home now. 41. had better do sth. 最好做某事Eg. You d better study hard at English. 42. had better n

36、ot do sth. 最好别做某事Eg. You d better not stay up. 43. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事Eg. Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes. 44. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事Eg. He usually helps me learn English. 45. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事Eg. I sometimes help my mother with the housework. 46. make it +时间把时间定在几点Eg. Le

37、t s make it 8:30. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 47. take sb. to sp带某人到某地Eg. Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday. 49. have nothing to do （with sb ）与某人没有关系Eg. That has nothing to do with me. 50. 主语+ don t think +

38、 从句 认为不Eg. I don t think it will rain tomorrow. 51. It s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样Eg. It is lucky for you to go to London. 52. How + adj/ adv + 主+ 谓！多么啊！Eg. How beautiful the flower is! 53. what + a/an + adj + + 主+ 谓！Eg. What an beautiful flower it is! 54. What + adj+ pl./u +主+ 谓！Eg. Wh

39、at bad weather it is today! 55. find it + adj+ to do sth. 发现做某事如何Eg. I find it hard to speak English well! 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 56. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物Eg. They often ask me for money. 57. need to do sth. 需要做某事Eg. You

40、 need to study hard. 58. need sth需要某物Eg. I don t need your money. 59. use A to do B用 A 来做 B Eg. We use pens to write. 60. show sb. Sth给某人看某物 = Eg. Please show me the map. 61.show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看Eg. Please show the map to me. 62. pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人 = Eg. Pass me the cup of tea. 63. pass sth. t

41、o sb.把某物递给某人Eg. Pass the cup of tea to me. 64. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 = 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - Eg. Mother bought me a bike. 65. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物Eg. Mother bought a bike for me. 66.give sb. sth把某物给某人 = Eg. Jim gave me a

42、n English dictionary. 67. give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人Eg. Jim gave an English dictionary to me. 68. get to sp达到某地= Eg. I got to Beijing on the morning of May 1st. 69. arrive at /in sp 达到某地 = Eg. I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st. 70. reach sp达到某地Eg. I reached Beijing on the morning of May 1s

43、t. 71. hope to do sth.希望某人做某事Eg. I hope to see you soon. 72. there is sth. wrong with sth./sb. 某物出设么毛病了 = Eg. There is something wrong my car. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - 73. sth. is wrong with 某物出设么毛病了Eg. Something is wrong wi

44、th my car. 74. How do you like sth? 你认为怎么样？ = Eg. How do you like Beijing? 75.What do you think of sth.? 你认为怎么样？Eg. What do you think of Beijing? 76. start doing sth. 开始做某事Eg. I started learning English in 1983. 77. start to do sth.开始做某事Eg. I started to watch TV after finishing my homework. 78.finis

45、h doing sth. 完成作某事Eg. I finished cleaning my car just now. 79. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事Eg. They all enjoy living and working in China. 80.What / when / where / who / something / anything / nothing else 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - -

46、 别的什么 /何时/ 何地/谁Eg. What else do you want to buy? Where else have you gone? Who else have you played with? I have nothing else to tell you. Would you like something else? 81. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事了Eg. I forgot turning off the lights. Look, it is dark in the room. 82. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事了Eg. I

47、forgot to turn off the lights.Could you go back and shut the off? 83. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事了Eg. I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful. 84. remember to do sth. 记住做某事Eg. Remember to bring me some money. Ive run out of it. 85.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事Eg. He stopped to talk with Mary

48、 when she enter the office. 86. stop doing sth. 停止做某事精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 30 页 - - - - - - - - - - Eg. The students stopped talking when the teachet came in. 87. watch/see/hear sb. do sth.观看/ 看见/ 听见某人做某事Eg. I saw you pick an apple just now. 88.

49、watch/see/hear sb. doing sth.观看/看见/ 听见某人在做某事Eg. I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the playground last Sunday. 89. go on doing sth. 继续作谋事Eg. He went on reading after a short rest. 90.go on to do sth. 继续作谋事Eg. He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes. 91. go on with sth. 继

50、续某事Eg. He went on with his work after a short rest. 92. say hello/goodbye to sb. 向某人告别Eg.I came to say good-bye to you. 93. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事Eg. They are busy planting trees on the hill. 94. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 22 页，