2022年中考英语总复习八级有语法宾语从句语法讲解与中考真题练习.pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载初中宾语从句详解（有中考真题练习）I 宾语从句的定义在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词. 介词或某些形容词的宾语。宾语的概念：动作的对象或者内容She said a few words. She said that she would not come to my party. （动词后）Your success will depend on your hard work. Your success will largely depend on what you do and how you do it. （介词后）I am

2、sure (that) fried rice and dumplings will be popular. ( 形容词 ) * 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised等II 宾语从句三大块 : 1. 引导词；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1. that 引导的宾语从句that 在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。这种宾语从句常常是陈述句变化而来的。如：My teacher said (that) I

3、was a good boy. She doesn t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. The teacher says, “ It is a good book.”The teacher says that it is a good book. 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: 1. I know 1. This is a book. 2. She says （that）2. You like singing. 3. Tell your friend 3. He worked last n

4、ight. 4. They will go home. 5. Jim has been to Beijing. 6. She sings well. 温馨提示： (了解一下哦 ) 什么是陈述句 ?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载在下列情况下 that作为引导词不可省略。1. 宾语从句前有插入语时；It says, on the letter, that his uncle will come back from

5、 America next week. 2. 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个 that 可以省略，第二个以及其他的that不可以省略；He said (that) the book was very interesting and that( 不省略 ) all the children like to read it. 3. 当宾语从句中的主语是that 时；The man said that that was good news. 2. if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句if 或 whether 在句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接作用，但不能省略。意为“ 是否” 。

6、 这种宾语从句常常是一般疑问句变化而来的。如：I am not sure whether/if there are UFOs. She asked, “Jim, do you like English?”She asked whether/if Jim liked English (1) Is Jim a good student? I don t knowI don t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know? Do you know if /whether Kate get

7、s up early? 把下列的简单句变成复合句。1. Is he reading? (I want to know) _2. Did you watch TV yesterday? (The teacher asks) _3. Is he from Japan? (Do you know) _4. Will he come back tomorrow? (I m not sure) _注意：只能用 whether不用 if 的三种情况?一般情况下， if 和 whether可以互换，但以下3 种情况只能用 whether：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -

8、 - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载?与 or not 连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. ?在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings ?在不定式之前：We havent decided whether to go

9、 there. I don t know whether to accept or refuse.3.连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词 : who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词 : when, where, why, how这种宾语从句常常是特殊疑问句变化而来的。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。如：1. What is she doing? Can you tell me? Can you tell me what she is doing? 2. Where does she live? Do you know

10、? Do you know where she lives? 将下列简单句合成复合句。Who is he looking for? (Do you know ?) _ Why is the plane late? (I didnt know ) _ How can I get to the zoo? (Could you tell me?) _ When will we have a test? (The teacher didnt tell us) _ Where will the meeting be? (I asked him) _ Whose watch is this? (Does

11、anybody know?) _ What are they doing? (He didn t tell me ) _ Which book do you like best? (Could you tell me?) _ 练一练Can you tell me_ it is from home to school? Sure. It s about three kilometers. 考点如何考查宾语从句中的引导词? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - -

12、- - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A how much B how long C how far D how soon I can t remember _ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. A where B how C what D why Do you know _ World Water Day is? On March 22nd. A when B where C what D which Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance e

13、xam or not? Sorry, I ve no idea. A that B which C if D whether .宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序引导词+主语+谓语I hear that physics isn t easy. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? What does he like? I wonder_ 注意事项 : 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who 作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening?e.g.: I don t know whats the

14、 matter.Can you tell me who is over there? 练一练Excuse me, I lost my way. Will you please tell me_? A Where am I B where I am C where you are D where are you I really want to know_. A What is wrong with my brother B how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C if had he bought that car D where did he go yeste

15、rday Can you tell me_ in the future? A how life will be like B how will life be like C what life will be like D what will life be like 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任何时态。I don

16、t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况 ：1.从句说明的是一般真理 . 客观事实 . 自

17、然现象 . 名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 即学即练 He said that light _ much faster than sound. A has traveled B wen

18、t travels C travels D traveled Do you know _ at this time yesterday? Sorry, I dont know. A what she is doing B what was she doing C what she was doing D what is she doing Could you tell me _ Zhang Daqian Museum? The day after tomorrow, I think. A when will you visit B when you will visit C when you

19、would visit D when would you visit This morning my mother asked me_. A why he is not here B where Julia went last weekend C what time is D how did my brother do it 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载III 宾语从句的解题技巧根据语序 . 时态. 句意进

20、行排除1）I hope _ it will snow this winter. A.when B.if C.whether D./ 答案： Dhope 后面应该接 that 引导的宾语从句， that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)I don t know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. A.why B.when C.how D.where 答案： A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“ 来看我们的原因 ” 。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before

21、.A.whether B.why C.what D.how 答案： A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或 if。4)Do you know _？I m going to see him.Sorry，I don t know.A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived 答案： C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A. B 两项。从句意判断问的是“ 现在住哪儿？ ” 。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer ？Sorry，I

22、have no idea. A.；bought B.has；bought C.did；buy D.does；buy 答案： Ado you think 是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.that B.whether C.why D.where 答案： C句意为 “ 我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏” 。7)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 )Do you know _ the MP3 player last week? Sorry，I have no idea.

23、 A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for 答案： C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A. B 两项，由 last week判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 )I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页 - - - -

24、 - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A.when we started B.when did we start C.when we will start D.when will we start 答案： C由 tomorrow 判断，应该用将来时态表示。IV 宾语从句易错题If 是否引导宾语从句如果“主将从现”I don t know if he _ (come)tomorrow, if he _ (come), I will call you. 练一练Do you know if _ back next week? If he _ back, please let me know.

25、A he comes, will come B will he come, comes C he will come, comes D will he come, will come Nobody knows when _ to visit our school. When he comes, he _ the truth. A he comes, will knows B he will come, will know C he comes, knows D he will come, knows I dont know if she _ to my birthday party tomor

26、row. If she _, I ll be very happy. A comes, comes Bwill come, comes C comes, will come D will come, will come * 根据语法的惯例 ,think, suppose, believe, imagine, guess 等后的宾语从句如果是否定句,要把否定转移到主句的 think 等动词上 ,这叫做 “ 否定前移 ” 或“ 否定前置 ”.如：I think you can not go there by bus.( 误) I don t think you can go there by bu

27、s.（正）我认为你不能乘坐公共汽车去那儿. 经典例题例 1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A.that B.how C.what D.if 思路解析： 注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字谁动了我的奶酪，本句含义是 “ 一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣” 。所以答案是 D 项。答案： D 黑色陷阱： 本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese 它本身含有一个 who,容易给人造成误精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - -

28、- - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载解。绿色通道： 在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例 2I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是 “ 比尔 盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”

29、， 应该用 when表示“ 当时” ，本句中的 that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D 项。答案： D 黑色陷阱： 本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道： 做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例 3(2010江苏苏州中考 )I wonder _. Zebras. A. what do they call these animals B. how they call these animals C. what they call these animals D. how do they ca

30、ll these animals 思路解析： 本句含义是 “ 我想知道他们叫这些动物什么” ，排除 B. D 两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选 C 项。答案： C 黑色陷阱： 本句容易译成 “ 他们怎样称呼这些动物 ” 而错选 how，注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是 “ 称呼某人 ” 。绿色通道： 解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。例 4(2010 北京中考 )I m different from my twin sister. I love dancing ，_ she is interested in reading. A. so B. or

31、 C. but D. and 思路解析： 本句是转折关系，选择C 项。答案： C 黑色陷阱： 本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D 项。绿色通道： 并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。例 5(2010 重庆中考 )Work hard，_ you may catch up with your classmates soon. A. or B. but C. and D. yet 思路解析： 本句是 “ 祈使句 and” 的句型，句意为 “ 努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的” ，and 在句中表示承接关系，所以选C 项。答案： C 黑色陷阱：

32、本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“ 祈使句 or” ，这个句型的含义是 “ ，不然的话 /否则” 。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载绿色通道： 祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加 or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定宾语从句练习1. Do you know how much hot water _? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2. Ca

33、n you tell me_? Awhere he isBwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3. I didnt know how_to London? Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4. I want to know how long_Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5. Do you know_? Awhat the news areBwhat is the

34、 news Cwhat the news isDwhat are the news 6. He said he would help me with my math if he_free. AwasBwill beCwould beDis 7. He will write to you as soon as he _to Shanghai AgetsBis gettingCwill getDshall get 8. Father_music when he_young AlikedwasBlikedis ClikeswasDlikesis 9. I liked sports_I was you

35、ng Aso much asBso much that Cvery much whenDvery much because 10. _ mother got home ， I was tidying my roomAAfterBWhenCAs soon asDBefore 11. The teacher didnt begin her class_the students stopped talkingAuntilBbecause Cafter Dwhen 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第

36、9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载12. If it_tomorrow， well go to the Great wallAdoesnt rainBwont rainCnot rainsDisnt rain 13. Could you tell me_we get to the plane? AhowBwhetherCwhereDwhat 14. When they got to the cinema ， the film_for the ten minutesAhad been onBhas begun CbeganDhad begun 15.

37、 The teacher says_she will leave a message on the headmasters deskAifBwhoCthatDwhat 16. Lucy looks stronger_LilyAthanBasCthenDnot as 17. I know nothing about it _he told me AbecauseBsinceCuntilDafter 18. You must make your new house clean and safe _you move inAbecause BwhenCbeforeDuntil 19. I was_ti

38、red_I couldnt walk on AsothatBtooto CverythatDveryto 20. I thought he_to see his mother if hetimeAwill go hasBwill go will have Cwould go would haveDwould go had 二. 用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. I wont return the book to the library because I _ （not finish） reading it2. As soon as he saw me ， he _to speak to me （

39、stop）3. I hope he _ （come） back in a week 4. It _（rain） hard when I got to the factory this morning 5. The old man told the children _ （not walk） in the rice fields6. He told me he _ （help） her with her maths the next evening 7. She said they_ （know） each other for quite some time 8. If it_（not rain

40、） tomorrow， we _（visit） the Poples Museum 9. John _ （write） something when I _ （go） to see him 10. Our teacher told us that light_ （travel） much faster than sound 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载11. When I got to the cinem

41、a ， the film _（begin）12. Mike asked me if we _ （ask） any questions the next class 13. Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _ （finish） doing your homework? 14. Comrade Wang didnt know if there _ （be） on English evening that day 15. Please tell me if she _ （come） again next time三、请连接成为含

42、有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound. 3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in

43、five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French. 5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7) How many people can you se

44、e in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at t

45、he door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I don t know _ he still _ in that street. 12) What s his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _. 13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He ask

46、ed the boys _they _fried chicken. 15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载I don t know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -