2022年中考英语被动语态透析精练.pdf

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1、I.被动语态基本结构用法解析A.谓语被动 . 一. 被动语态概念与结构语态（ voice）是动词的一种特殊形式，说明施动与受动的关系，分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示人物是动作的执行者，被动语态表示人物是动作的承受者。一般说来，及物动词才有被动语态。据其是否充当谓语，可析分为谓语及非谓语被动。被动语态由 助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词构成。如：He organized the charity show. 他组织了一场慈善义演。（主动语态）The charity show was organized by him. 这场义演是他组织的。（被动语态）二. 主动语态与被动语态的变换: 口

2、诀：宾变主提前，主变宾by 后，动词用be done，,时态源不变。The strange seller collected thousands of computer mice . 主语谓语宾语Thousands of computer micewere collected by the strange seller.宾语变主语be +过去分词主语变为 by 的宾语三. 语态的时态性 .被动语态的时态变化及疑问式和否定式的变化只改变be 的形式，过去分词部分不变。1.一般现在时 .They sell CD-ROMs in this shop. _ 2.一般过去时 .They chose me

3、 to be the host. _ 3.一般将来时 .China will hold the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing. _ 4.过去将来时 .Miyoko said they would send the camera to her. _ 5.现在完成时 .Man hasnt visited the moon. _ 6.过去完成时 .Millie had prepared a speech. _ 7.现在进行时 .People are cutting down a lot of trees. _ 8.过去进行时 .They were building th

4、e bridge. _ 9.情态助动词We must send her to hospital right away. _四. by sb 之变异 .（by 后引出的动作施动者可人亦可为物，by 本身也可能变用其它介词，视惯用搭配而定）1. It is known to everyone. is beloved of his students. 3. Messages are sent by satellites. was hit by a fast moving car .5. Mountains are covered by forests. 6.Macao has been taken

5、back by China.7. Messages can be sent through emails. 8.Satellites have been sent into space by many countries.9. The window was broken by Jim with a stone / an axe / a hammer. 10. It s covered / filled /crowded /decorated /polluted/fed up with.五. 主动宾结构的被动. They set up the stage. _ Nancy Jackon desi

6、gned that CD-ROM. _ We will invite lots of pop stars to the show. _ 六. 双宾语动词的被动。 give/ask/tell/show/buy/pass/hand/get/offer/provide/lend/borrow- showed me the photo. _ _ wrote an email to me. _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - . _ ga

7、ve me a dictionary. _ _ told me about it. _ _ bought her a sweater. _- _ told me a story. _ _ asked her where she lived . _ 七. 宾补结构的被动。told / allowed / asked / encouraged / chose / warned me (not) to go alone. I was told / allowed / asked/ encouraged / chose / warned (not) to go alone. kept me waiti

8、ng for two hours. _ colored the picture green. _ made/chose /elected her monitor of the class. _ find it useful to learn foreign languages. _ found a purse lying on the ground. _ found Tom (to be) a clever boy. _ regarded him as a wise leader. _ choose Mellie to be the host of the show. _ heavy snow

9、 stopped us from getting there in A into B / change A into B / make A into B / put A into B / pour A into B He is making the paper into a paper bird. _ 八. 补 to 型动词的被动语态。A. make / have / let/ help sb do sth - sb be made to do sth boss made the workers work twelve hours a conductor made the boy give t

10、he seat to. _ (didn t) let him go. _ B. see sb do / doing sth - sb be seen to do /doing sth see /watch / hear / listen to / notice / observe / feel / find saw him enter the store. _ see him playing the violin. _ saw them kill the elephant. _ Killing-. _ hear the girl sing the pop song. _ Singing-. _

11、 found someone stole my bike the night before last. _ C. want/tell /would like/ ask/order/ wish/encourage/like/allow/ advise/expect/warn/choose -ask sb to do sth-sb be asked to do sth 九. 据说型被动语态say lots of buildings were destroyed in the earthquake. _ 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳

12、- - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - radio reports that lots of money has been raised to help people in need in Sichuan. _ thought that the charity was a great success. _ believe that dinosaurs havent disappeared but become birds._ think it difficult to send up satellites into space.

13、_ 十. get+过去分词的被动语态。got killed in the car accident. got married in the year 2000.got lost in the city of Toronto. boy is too young to get dressed.got hurt in the Aussie rules football game. house got burnt yesterday.will lend you an umbrella so that you wont get wet in the rain. 十一 . .动词 +介词/ 副词的动词短语

14、的被动语态。(逻辑搭配的需要，介词不能弃省) pen is used for writing with 。talk was listened to by everyone.ice is thick enough for people to skate on.is looked at every day.should be / taken good care of.6. The house is used to live in.十二 . 语态变换中的分立与合并.（主要是不定代词的同义分解与合并）主动句否定句中宾语是anything,anybody 等时 , 变被动句时合并为nothing,nob

15、ody 等. 主动句中主语是nothing,nobody, 变被动句时分解为not anything, not anybody 等. havent done anything to stop the pollution. _ _ has been done to help them. _ can solve the problem. _ could stop them from surfing. _ 十三 . 被动语态中介词的添加和提前问题cleaned the classroom _ filled the dining room. _ piece of cloth covered the c

16、rowded in the room. _ 十四 . 多动词主动句的被动语态。（不论是简单句，并列句，复合句，需全部变成被动语态）1. Someone taught him French and gave him a dictionary._2. We can turn solids into liquids if we raise their temperature high enough._3. He found the book which he had lost and returned it to the library at once._B.非谓语被动一. 定语型被动 , 1. H

17、e likes reading novels _ by Ling Yutang. (write)2. I bought a CD-ROM _ by Mancy Jackson. (design)精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3. There lived lots of survivors _ in the earthquake. (save)二. 宾补型被动A. 动词不定式do 作宾补时 : do - done make /

18、have / let/ help sb do sth - make / have / let / help sth done had someone cut his hair. _ had someone take his pictures in the park yesterday. _ will have someone repair my tape record. _ had better not put your car here. _ should try to make others understand you. _ B. 动词不定式do/ doing 作宾补时 : do - d

19、one doing - being done see / watch / hear / listen to / notice / observe / feel / find see sb do / doing sth - see sth done / being done saw them kill the elephant. _ killing the elephant _ hear the girl sing the pop song. _ singing the pop song _ ve never heard the pop song _ in English by her. (si

20、ng)C. 动词不定式to do 作宾补时 : to do - to be done want/tell /would like/ ask/order/ wish/encourage/like/allow/ advise/expect/warn/choose ask sb to do sth - ask sth to be done1. He likes his car _ _ _ every day. (wash) 2. I want the job _ _ _ right now. (do) 3. He asked his room _ _ _ immediately at that mo

21、ment. (paint) 4. He asked his shoes _ _ _ before Friday.( mend) 5. He has to take it away. _ 6. He used to plant many trees. _ 7. I m sure to finish the work on time. _ 三. 宾语型被动to do / doing 作动词宾语或介词宾语时: to do - to be done doing - being done inventions continue _ _ _. (make)chair is going _ _ _. ( p

22、aint)are still a lot of trees _ _ _.( plant)trees stop the top-soil from _ _ away. (wash)tried to escape from _ _. (notice)went to the party without _ _. ( visit)enjoys _ _ at by others. (laugh)you mind _ _ like that. (treat)四. 动词不定式to do 的完成时被动语态- to have been done 表示动作已发生。is sure to have been taug

23、ht by a good musician.is believed/thought to have made great progress.II 被动形式不表示被动A .形容词型被动语态：（被动语态形式的系表结构强调一种状态而淡化或不表示被动意义）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - glass is broken . It s a broken glass.(强调状态 ) * glass is broken by Jim yeste

24、rday（强调被动 ,说明此状态是怎么来的）horse is tired. bike is lost/gone/missing. is badly hurt in the accident. is so frightened that he cant move.t be hurried.Dont hurry.=No hurry.=Dont be in (such) a hurry.8. The sun is risen.9. He is dressed in a grey jacket. 10. The door is locked.11. The now closed.（强调关着的状态）12

25、. The shop will be closed next year. （强调被关闭的动作）13. be excited about- be interested in- be worried about- be surprised at- be amazed at- be moved by- be satisfied with- be pleased with- be fed up with- be bored with- 14. be polluted with- be covered with- be crowded with - be decorated with- be conne

26、cted with- be filled with- B. 过去分词形容词及复合形容词。(已变成语法功能上纯粹的形容词，但仍隐含“ 被动意义 ”)s a broken umbrella. 2. I ve got a well-paid job.3. It s a homemade computer. 4. It is well-known to everyone.5. I gave him a well-chosen gift. 6. That was a worn-out woollen coat.7. Many man-made satellites. 8. English is a wi

27、dely-used language9. A worried woman rushed in in a hurry. 10. The frightened boy was too frightened to move.11. There used to be a well-kept city wall in the old days. 12. The fallen leaves also keep the water from running away. 13. The so-called beach boys are much weaker than the serious surfers.

28、 III 主动形式表示被动意义A.不定式作定、宾补，具有非by sb 的逻辑主语 (有时省略 ) have nothing to do (with your business ). have twenty more trees to plant . *There are twenty more trees to be planted.have lots of clothes to wash. *He wants his car to be washed every day. 4. The table is too heavy to carry.has no place to stay.6. T

29、his kind of work is easy to do . 7. I have got a letter to write.8. Please lend me some books to read. book is difficult to understand .10. Have you got a key to lock the door dress is good enough to wear.12. The book is difficult to understand.13. This house is large enough for them to live in.14.

30、We feel it important to learn English well 15. This ice is thick enough for them to skate on.B.联系动词主动表被动： be 动词感官联系动词：look,seem,appear, feel,sound, taste,smell ( 逐渐 )变得 /变成： become,grow,get,turn,come,go 保持： keep, stay flowers smell nice. music sounds beautiful.3. The bell sounds well. 4. His wish ha

31、s come true.5. The candy tastes sweet and saur. 6. People often went hungry in the old days.7. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 8. The piece of cloth feels soft and smoothy.C. read write wash open close shut lock sell wear drive ride cut develop cook act book sells well. coat washes easily/we

32、ll .food cooks easily. meat looks good and sells well.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - passage reads easily . passage reads like a poem.* essay is smoothly/fluently read. pen writes poorly/well.window won t shut. door/safe wont lock.

33、glasses clean easily. school opens at 6 every day.cakes eat sweet and salty door locks easily.material wears well (won t wear). D.某些不及物动词的主动形式可表被动：(表示人或物本身的功能和特征状态)happen,take place,break out, belong to ,cost, take,fall begin,start,end,last,disappear 1. The film ended at about 5:30. 2. The accident

34、happened last year . 3. The universe develops every minute. meeting began at 6:00 .in the morning. 5. A car accident happened to him yesterday 6. The apple fell onto the ground. （自己落下）7. The pen dropped onto the ground.( 自己掉下 ) 8. The pen was dropped onto the ground by him.被人扔下9. The flowers grow ve

35、ry well/quickly in the garden. （主动）10. Many flowers are grown in the garden every year. （被动）*11. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.=There have been great changes in my the last few years.=My hometown has changed greatly during the past/last few years.E.现在分词表示被动. be

36、worth doing be in need of doing want / need / deserve / require /demand doing= want to be done TV needs repairing .= to be repaired. computer wants mending. =wants to be mended. =is in great need of mending. book on computers is well worth reading. / buying. problem isn t worth studying/discussing f

37、urther. litter boy wants looking after / taking good care of. / to be looked after. idea sounds good but still needs trying out. leather tennis shoes need mending ./ to be mended. book is printing.(在印刷中 ) 9/The mobile phone is advertising on TV every day. 8B Unit3-4 被动语态专项练习一. 众里挑一单项选题( ) a new libr

38、ary _ in our school last year ; built ; bulit ; build ; build ( ) accident _ on this road last week. been happened happened happened ( ) _ in the southeast of China. grown grown ( ) far,the moon _ by man already. visited be visited been visited visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall

39、 next week. given been given be given ( ) many trees _ this year 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - planted plant been planted ( ) lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. doing being done been done be done ( ) of them _

40、in China. made made made ( )! A nice picture _ for our teacher. drawing being drawn been drawn ( ) shoes _. You need a new pair. out out worn out worn ( ) doctor _ for yet. t sent t been sent t be sent t sent ( ) _ this kind of computers_ -Last year. ; use ; used ; used ; used ( ) Great Wall _ all o

41、ver the world. known known ( ) _ in summer. born been born born ( ) says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. sent send sent be sent ( ) _ this book _ ; written ; written by ; written ;written ( ) _ show me her new dictionary. asked to asked to asked to ( ) story _ by Granny yesterday. told us

42、told to us told us us ( ) monkey was seen _ off the tree. jump ( ) school bag _ behind the chair. be put be putted put ( ) people _ well. after be looked after look after after ( ) teacher _ carefully. be listened to be listen listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空(请注意时态和语态两个方面)1. Its said(据说) that the long bri

43、dge_（build）in two months2. Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3. Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world 4. The lost boy_（not find）so far5. Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _

44、(must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - - 9. What _ knives _ (make) of They_ (make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library 11.

45、The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city 16. _ you _(see) the film yet Yes, I _(see) it last week. 17. The food _ (smell) delicious.

46、18. Look! Someone _(dance). 19. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 20. That play _(put) on again sometime next month. 21. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 22. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 23. What _ a knife _ (make) of It _(m

47、ake) of metal and wood. 24. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday. 25. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library 26. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 27. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime. 28. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already. 29. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan. 30. Ap

48、ples _ _(grow) in this farm. 31. Russian _ _ (learn)as the second language by some students in China. 32. Planes,cars and trains _ _ (use) by business people for travelling. 33. The cinema _ _ (bulid) in 1985. 34. The bike _ _ _ _ (must not put) here. 35. A beautiful horse _ _ _ (draw) by John next

49、day. 36. This kind of machine _ _(can made) by uncle Wang. 37. Mr. Green _ _ (open) two new school. 38. The PLA _ _ (found) on August 1st,1927. 39. By the time he was ten, the boy _(learn)English and French. 40. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city 41. _ you _(see) the film yet Yes, I _(see) it l

50、ast week. 42. Uncle Wang _(live) here since 1980 43. Listen! Someone _(sing). 44. Tom _(not have) breakfast yesterday morning. 三、按要求改写为主被动语态，一空一词。tea grown in South China（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China am given a birthday present by my parents every year （同义句转换）A birthday present _ _ _ _by my