2022年中考英语阅读理解教案.pdf

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1、学习好资料欢迎下载阅读理解及其解题方法要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50 个词。阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：1. 阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000 单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等；一、中考阅读理解考查的主要内容1. 主旨大意题此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：(1) Which is the best title of the passage? (2) Which of the following is this passage about?

2、(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_. (4) The passage tells us that_. (5) This passage mainly talks about_. 如何获取段落的主旨和大意？最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。 因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：（1）主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况

3、相当普遍。一般新闻报道、 说明文， 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如： 2003 年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B 的第一段：All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, o

4、ne eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链 )。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Some food chains become broken up if one of the links d

5、isappears 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things （2）寻找主题句的方法：1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。There are many different ways to travel to Paris from London. One of the quickest and

6、 most popular ways is by train. From Waterloo Railway Station, you can travel all theway to Paris. The journey takes about three hours. The train, called the Eurostar, is very modern, and the seats are comfortable. You can also travel to France by ship. Another way to travel to Paris is by plane. 80

7、. The passage mainly tells us about_. A. different ways traveling from London to Paris B. international flights from London to Paris C. buses stopping at FerryTerminal Seven in DoverEvery 30 seconds there is an earthquake. But dont worry because most are so weak that they cannot be. felt. Only a few

8、 big ones hurt people. Many earthquakes happened in China, such as the big one in Sichuan last month. Thousands of people died in it. So its important to know what to do when one hits. Here are some tips on how to stay safe in an earthquake. 1. If you are indoors during an earthquake, hide (躲藏 ) und

9、er a desk. Stay away from windows and anything that could fall on you. 69. The best title of this passage is _. A. How dangerous the earthquake is 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载B. How to be safe during an earthquake C. Do

10、nt be afraid of the earthquake Practice A In every little girl s toy box, there might be a Barbie Doll. Barbie is 50 years old this year. It was designed in 1959 by an American businesswoman named Ruth Handler. She and her husband Elliott started the toy company Mattel. She named the new doll after

11、their daughter Barbara. The first Barbie Doll appeared at the toy fair (交易会 ) New York on March 9th, 1959. This date is used as Barbie s birthday. Mattel sold three hundred thousand Barbie Dolls in the first year at a price of three dollars. Today, a fifty-year-old Barbie in good condition might cos

12、t more than twenty-seven thousand dollars. Mattel says 90% of the girls inthe United States aged from three to ten own at least one Barbie Doll. And girls aged three to six own an average ( 平均 ) of about twelve. When Mattel created Barbie Dolls half a century ago, they never thought this doll would

13、become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous all over the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world. 65. What s the best title of the passage? A. Barbie s birthday B. Barbie Dolls C. A lovely girl named Barbie D. Why are Ba

14、rbies popular B School life should be some of the best and happiest days of our lives.We shouldn t waste this wonderful time. Don t say things are difficult and boring. Don t be too disappointed if things sometimes go badly. Don t let small problems seem very big. Be confident, go and play sports, w

15、ork on a project, or help someone with problems. There are always a lot of things to do to relax yourself and make you happy. 60. What can we learn from the passage? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载A. How to get high scores

16、. B. How to be relaxed and happy. C. How to make friends with foreigners. 2. 细节理解题此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：(1) Which of the following is right? (2) Which of the following is not mentioned? (3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? (4) Choose the right order of this passage. (

17、5) From this passage we know _. 如何确定细节和事实？在阅读理解题目中， 有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点： （1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。 因此， 要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。Tea, coffee and cocoa are

18、 three major drinks all over the world. Tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world. Tea, as well as silk and porcelain, began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been an important Chinese export since then. Tea has a history of over 4 , 000 years and China is th

19、e home of tea. In ancient China, tea was used as a kind of medicine, while nowadays people drink tea daily. （）66. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tea, cocoa and silk are important Chinese exports. B. Tea has more than 1, 000 years of history. C. Japan is the home of tea.

20、D. In ancient China, people used tea as a kind of medicine. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载（2010，三明）In the UK, a seven-year-old boy has raised 800,00 for people of the Haiti( 海地)earthquake by riding his bike around his loc

21、al park. 47. The boy has already raises _for people in Haiti. A. 500 B. 600 C. 800, 000 （2009，南平）71. What do people want to do at Sunshine Gym? A. Lose weight.B. Play basketball.C. Buy books. 75. If you want to buy the book The Red and the Black now, you need to pay . A.￥80B. ￥48C. ￥36 At Sunshine G

22、ym Lose weight! Membership fee（会员费）：￥ 80Open three days a week: Wed., Fri. & Sun. Call:3327589 Sports Club Join us in playing basketball in Green Park on Sun. July 19th. Meet at Spring Square at 9:00 a.m. Call Bruce at 6932468 for more information Book Sale The Red and the Blackby Stendhal An ambiti

23、ous （有雄心的） young man Julien s story Last week: ￥48 Now: ￥36For Rent Long River Apartment. 3-bedroom. New paint. No pets. 300 yuan/month. Call Peter at 8788765 for more information. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(2011，中考模拟

24、试题) .As a singer,she often has to travel abroad.But,on her first trip,she couldn t even open her mouth to say “ thank you” !She is much bolder now! 3.When Nirace first traveled abroad,_. A.she could speak English very well B.she could almost say nothing in English C.she spoke English better than now

25、 D.she had never learned English before Practice If someone says “give mefive”, do not searchyour pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person is not asking for your money, but for your fingers. In the US, “give me five” or “give me the high five” is a popular gesture. You can see

26、it often in filmsor on TV. It means the slapping （拍） of raising right hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票） . If a football team wins a game, the players will give high f

27、ives to everyone around to celebrate. 61. The gesture “ give me five ” is the slapping of. A. legsB. handsC. arms 62. “ Give me five ” is a gesture to . A. celebrate successB. ask for moneyC. search one s pocket 3. 词义猜测题此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：(1) The word “ ” in the passage prob

28、ably means _.(2) The underlined word “It ” in the passage refers to _.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载(3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. (4) Here “it ” means_.如何根据上下文猜测词义？猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一

29、个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文 (context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2） 运用语法知识进行语法分析。3） 依靠常识和经验做出判断。Example：（2011，三明）A blog has good points ， of course. People choose to write in blogs ， they k

30、now that their friends will read what they write. If you feel sad one day and write in your diary， no one will know about it. If you write the same words in your blog，your friends may quickly write back to comfort you and offer their help. Blogs help people know what their friends are doing.48. The

31、underlined word “comfort” means _ in Chinese.A. 责怪B. 安慰C. 嘲笑“Im sorry,but dont stop me,please! ”the small boy said,“It very hot today and there isnt any other shade in the street!”54.The underlined word “shade” refers to a place which is _. A.wetter B.cooler C.hotter精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -

32、 - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. 55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your

33、_. A. illness and abilities B. thoughts and behaviour C. mind and nervous system D. physical activity and daily exercise Practice Patriotism is also something we should never forget. Patriotism means a love for one s country. Everyone should love his country. A good youth will do the things his coun

34、try asks him to do. I think a good youth of today should also have some training in art. If everyone can enjoy art, they will enjoy their life. 68. The word “ Patriotism ” means.A. 爱国主义B. 责任感 C. 事业心Most teenagers wear brand-name clothes to be in fashion and to fit in with their friends. However, not

35、 all the Gen-Z youth （青年） like the style. Some prefer blue jeans and T-shirts. They don t feel any pressure from their friends. They just want to be themselves. They give their own opinions by not fitting in with the crowd. 52. The underlined word “ brand-name” here means “ _” in Chinese. A. 商标 B. 品

36、牌 C. 标签4. 推理判断题。技巧解析：这类题目有一定难度。做题时要到文章中去找线索，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落， 理解文章层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，作出准确的判断和推理。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音加以推理，才能获得正确答案。推理时一定要以文章提供的事实为依据，不可以凭空想象，或加入个人的想法、观点。Example：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载（2010，三明

37、）I remember what made me unhappy back in my school days. I cared too much about what other people thought of me. When I was in school, I was very shy. I had good grades( 成绩 ), but when I spoke in class, my face went red becauseI knew my classmates were all looking at me. It was really terrible. Now

38、I am going to graduate from school and I know what my problem is. I no longer worry about what people think of me. My life is a lot more relaxed, especially in Beijing, where people laugh at me when I speak Chinese! You know Chinese is not my native language. 57. The writer is probably_. A. a studen

39、t who was born in Beijing B. a foreigner who is studying in Beijing C. a visitor who is visiting China （2011，莆田） Here is the seven-day weather report for Putian. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载( ) 62. What do you think Sam

40、 should wear when he stays in Putian? （2009，厦门）“ Why are you late? ” the teacher asked. “ You miss the test.”“Our taxi had a flat tire, ” one of the girls said. The teacher thought for a moment, then he said, “ Sit down, one of you in each corner of the room.”The four girls did this. Then the teache

41、r said, “ Write the answer to this question on a piece of paper: Which tire was flat? ”54. We can know from the passage that the teacher _. A. thought they were good students B. didn t believe what they said 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - -

42、 - - - - 学习好资料欢迎下载Several years ago, cell phones were very expensive. Only important people and people with a lot of money had them. These days, the prices have been greatly falling, and they come in small sizes and different colors. So more and more people, even high school students, have one in th

43、e hands. It is true that its an easy way to keep in touch with friends at any time and in any place. But in places like classrooms, movie theatres, and museums, where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low voice, we can also hear the ringing. Some drivers have accidents for using cell phones when

44、 driving. Worst of all, some students who cant pay their phone bills do something illegal to get money. So，are cell phones really a help? () 3. How does the writer feel about cell phones? A. They are really a help. B. They harm people s health.C. He wants very much to know if they do people good. 寄语 : 阅读理解题取材广泛，但仍然有规律可循。1.平时要多阅读并善于总结，积累解题技巧。2.考试时要研读好文本，不放过文本中细节。3.做完题后要仔细检查，每篇材料应有完整情节。C. gave his students too many tests Practice D. Its all right to use them in theatre.精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -