2022年PLC控制系统在污水处理中应用技术.docx

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1、9 / 9附录 1外文翻译基于 PLC的掌握系统在污水处理中的应用介绍了以 PLC 为核心的分布式掌握系统在污水处理系统中的应用；详细表达了掌握系统的结构、任务安排及实现、掌握方式和程序设计思想. 掌握系统采纳集中监测治理、 分散掌握的方式， 上位机负责现场设备的远程掌握和监视， 软件采纳 Intouch7. 0 编制； PLC 本地站负责对详细的工艺、设备、主要被控参数进行掌握及采集各种运行数据，程序设计采纳具有在线跟踪和离线仿真功能 Concept 2. 2 XL 软件；上位机与 PLC 之间采纳组网简洁、运行速度快、通信稳 定性强的 MB +网 ；整个掌握系统胜利地解决了PLC 在污水处

2、理中的自动化掌握问题，提高了污水处理设备运行效率和治理水平；近年来，为了实现高质量、低消耗、稳固牢靠的运行；国内外很多污水处理 厂采纳了现代先进掌握技术和运算机技术， 从而构成运算机监督、 掌握、治理系统. 使系统优化运行；而可编程规律掌握器（PLC）就是以微处理器为核心；综合了运算机技术自动掌握技术和通信技术而进展起来的一种新型、通用的自动掌握装置；具有结构简洁、性能优越、牢靠性高、灵话通用、易于编程、使用便利 等优点等；银川市第一污水处理厂采纳了 SBR 工艺及以 PLC 为核心的掌握系统， 日处理污水 10 x 104 t处理后的达标污水可用于农业浇灌；1 掌握系统结构掌握系统采纳“集中

3、监测治理，分散掌握”的方式；模拟屏、上位机、集线器、打印机位于中控室，二台PLC 位于掌握现场；采纳这种结构可使生产过程中的信息能够集中治理，以实现整体操作、治理和优化；同时，也使得掌握危急分散，提高系统牢靠性；1.1 上位机中控室的两台上位运算机采纳 PII级工控机，运行 WindowsNT 操作系统；上位机负责现场设各的远程掌握 全自动掌握、 自动掌握、 点动掌握 和监视， 利用 Intouch7. 0 工程软件包供应良好的人机对话界而，以查询方式从PLC 猎取有关参数和设备状态信息，以棒图形式在CRT 上直观显示出来，同时打印必要的数据，供主控及治理人员指导生产；监控界而包括系统总图、系

4、统分图、模拟量一览表、参数设置、报警窗、历史趋势、登录窗等界而. 在系统总图里，运行人员能够监视全部掌握设备的运行状态、设备事故及液位、流量等信号. 在系统分图里，操作人员能够对全部掌握设备进行单机点动运行操作、成组自动运行操作或全厂全自动操作并监视；同时上位机2 兼做编程器 . 中控室另设置一个镶嵌式模拟屏，由上位机 1 掌握，用以直观显示全厂工艺流程及主要参数值；1.2 PLC 站依据污水处理的二部分，现场设备的远程掌握输出和现场信号采集由二个 PLC 木地掌握站完成； PLC1 本地掌握站掌握格栅、污水提升泵房、曝气沉砂池等预处理部分； PLC2 本地掌握站掌握污泥脱水、压滤机等部；PL

5、C3 本地掌握站掌握 SBR 生物处理部分 . 另外，在现场本地掌握站各设1 台操作终端设各， 负责在本地对现场设各的掌握 自动掌握、点动掌握 ；现场各个监控点的物理参数， 包括水位、温度、流量、转速、电流等模拟量， 由对应的一次外表传感器或变送器检测出来并转变为4 20 mA电流信号，经屏蔽电缆送到各个子系统的 PLC 内，由 PLC 通过各种模块接口采样电信号； 同样， 模拟量掌握信号由 PLC 输出后以 4 20mA电流形式送到执行机构，掌握执行机构的动作；施耐德公司的 Modicon Quantum 系列 PLC 为满意开放的、基于标准的网络连接和现场总线连接等应用技术供应了多种网络挑

6、选，支持Modbus,Mod-bus Plus（MB +），远程 I/0 , TCP/IP 等网络连接，具有较强的敏捷性；因此，污水处 理中用到的 PLC 选用施耐德的 Modicon Ouantum 系列；1.3 通信MB+协议是 Modicon 公司推出的一个开放式的采纳IEEE802. 4令牌协议的现场总线通信 5 协议；MB +网络同其他网络相比具有组网简洁、投资少、网络速度快、通信稳固性强等特点， 它使运算机、 掌握器和其他数据源通过使用双绞线或光缆在整个网络上作为同位体进行通信；而Modicon Quantum 系列 PLC 的CPU 模块含有 MB +通信口，因此，通信网络选用M

7、B +网络. 中控室的两台上位机、二个 PLC 本地掌握站通过 MB +网络连接在一起；PLC 的 CPU 模块通过 MB + 通信口与两台上位机进行数据交换， 采集上位监控系统的各种操作指令及现场检测信号和数据，经过分析处理，通过输出模块向掌握对象输出掌握信号；同时， PLC 通过 MB +网向上位机返回各种数据，上位机对数据进行运算处理，显示各种信号和打印各种报表；2 PLC 掌握程序设计系统有四种掌握方式： 本地手动掌握， 单一台设备点动掌握， 成组设备自动掌握，全厂设备全自动掌握； 前二种方式一般只在设各调试或修理时使用， 系统主要以全自动掌握方式运行； 在这种方式下， 全部各类设备都

8、由 PLC依据预先编制的程序自动掌握，不需要操作人员干预 . 各种现场数据通过 PLC 传至上位机， 在上位机上描画出来，使全厂的工艺、设备运行得到全面的掌握；PLC3 站掌握的生物处理部分是整个污水处理的关键部分，限于篇幅， 仅以 PLC3站的程序设计为例；2.1 掌握过程PLC3 站用来掌握从污水进入曝气池处处理后的污水流出曝气池的整个过程；在这个过程中， 包括掌握各种阀、 泵、风机的次序及定时开关和风机的转速调剂等；曝气池是污水处理的核心构筑物， 污水在池中是通过微生物的生物氧化作用来去除有机物的，水中氧的含量对污水的处理成效是至关重要的；依据SBR 工艺要求，曝气池内的溶解氧含量通常掌

9、握在1 3 mg/L 范畴内，在曝气阶段末溶解氧含量应不超过 2 mg/L. 含氧量过低或过高， 均会影响出水质量； 对日处理 10 x 104 t 的 4 组 8 池模式的 SBR 反应池，每组反应池配一台由变频器掌握的风机，用于向两个曝气池轮番曝气供氧；在每个曝气池的不同地点设4 块溶解氧测试仪， 测量池中污水的含氧量， PLC 每隔 5 min 检测一次曝气池内的溶解氧值，依据溶解氧的平均值来掌握风机转速；如溶解氧低于设定下限时，调频风机转速增加5 % ；如溶解氧高于设定上限时，调频风机转速降低5 %. 这样，就实现了曝气池供氧量的自动调剂，既防止了不必要的能源缺失，又优化了运行工艺；2

10、.2 PLC 程序设计采纳的编程软件是 Concept 2. 2XL ；Concept 是基于 Windows 下的 PLC 编程工具，具有良好的用户界面，并具有在线跟踪及离线仿真功能；PLC3 站的掌握程序分为五个程序模块；（1） ）公用程序模块包括初始化部分、时分秒等时问脉冲单元、SBR 反应周期设定、溶解氧设定等；（2） ）开关量次序掌握模块和谐掌握各个阀、泵、风机等设备的运行及相关故障的报警； SBR 池的进气阀、进水阀、回流泵、剩余污泥泵由PLC 依据污水处理周期的工艺时间段掌握，出水阀由PLC 依据工艺时间和超声液位仪的测量值来掌握；（3） ）断电爱护模块系统断电后， PLC 将全

11、部状态锁存， 待加电后使 PLC复原所保持的状态连续运行；（4） ）通信模块用来完成 PLC 与上位机的各种数据传送；（5） ）溶解氧值自动调剂模块依据溶解氧值调剂风机转速以及相关故障的报警；调剂转速的目标是在整个曝气周期中，保证溶解氧的值为2 mg/L. 采纳的掌握策略如下： 曝气周期开头， 风机以全速运行， 以使溶解氧在较短的时问内达到 2 mg/L ，同时以 5 min 为周期检测溶解氧值；当溶解氧值大于2mg/L 时，风机转速下降 5 %；当溶解氧值小于 2 mg/L 时，风机转速上升 5%.假如风机转速升到答应的最高转速时，溶解氧值仍小于2mg/L，就维护最高转速；这种情形有可能在曝

12、气周期的末期显现，但并不会明显地影响污水处理质量；在曝气的整个周期内， 随时监控变频器的输出电流值， 使其不超过变频器的额定值；如遇到意外情形使输出电流超过额定值时，立刻降低风机转速； 假如风机转速降到答应的最低转速时， 输出电流仍超过额定值， 就停风机， 同时发出报警信号；随着自动掌握技术的进展， UNITANK工艺越来越得到广泛应用；目前以体会为主，以 DO、时间、流量作为工艺掌握参数，来调整曝气机的运行及排泥时间等，缺乏精确的数学模型来实现SBR 法的更高层次的自动掌握；有人曾提出以 COD 或 DO 为参数的模糊掌握的思想； 今后 SBR 法的自动掌握的讨论方向主要是查找多个掌握参数，

13、既能反映进水的水质水量变化及反应过程中的降解情况，又能作为运算机掌握参数；PLC 集次序掌握和过程掌握于一体，具有牢靠性高，使用便利、敏捷，组网 简洁的特点， 是实现中小规模工业自动化的有力工具； 在污水处理中， 基于 PLC 的掌握系统在实时性、 牢靠性、精确性等力一而满意了设计要求，保证了污水处理的顺当进行；由于 Internet 的快速进展，期望能够通过 Internet 来拜访污水处理厂的自控系统，只需要输入用户名和密码便可实现远程的Internet 来对全厂的设备进行掌握；同时通过 Internet 将污水处理厂的污水数据输送到国家环保总局或者市环保局，以便卜级部门对污水处理厂的治理

14、；附录 2Application of control system on the base of PLC insewage treatmentThe paper introduces adistributed control system of sewage treatment, and the core of thesystem is PLC. Thestructure ofthe control system, the assignment and implementation of thetasks, the control scheme and the design concept

15、ofprogram are expounded. The way of central monitoring management and dispersing control is used by the control system； thelong 一 distance control and monitoring of fieldequipment are uncharged ofthe upper computer； the software program ofdesignsuses Intouch7. 0. The specific technology, equipment,

16、the controlling of main parameter and several running data are uncharged ofthe PLC stations, and the software programof designs uses Concept 2. 2XL with online tracking and outline simulating. MB+net is adopted by the communication between the upper computer and the PLC stations, withits simplybuild

17、ingnet, quicklyrunningand stable communication. The automatic control of PLC has been successfully completed in sewage treatment, which hasimproved the operation efficiency andmanagement level of sewage treatment equipmentIntroduced to take PLC as the distribute type control system of core in the wa

18、stewater treatment system of apply；Concretely described the structure, mission of the control system an allotment and carry out, the way of control and the thought of the program design.The way controled the concentration monitor of the system adoption a management and scattered a control, the place

19、 of honor machine be responsible for the spot the long range of the equipments control and surveillance, software adoption Intouch7. 0 draw up.The PLC native station is responsible for to the concrete craft, equipments and is mainly controled parameter to carry on control and collect various movemen

20、t data, the program design adoption have on-line follow with off-line imitate the Concept of true function 2. 2 XL software.Place of honor machine and of the PLC adoption set the net be quickly simple and circulate speed, correspond by letter the stability strong MB+net.The whole control system succ

21、essfully solved the PLC controls a problem in the automation within wastewater treatment and raised a wastewater treatment equipments to circulate an efficiency and manage level.Recently, for carrying out high quality, low consume, stable dependable movement.Domestic and international many wastewate

22、r treatment factorieses adopted a modern forerunner to control technique and calculator technique and constitute calculator direct, control thus, manage system.Make system excellent to turn movement.But the programmable logic controllerPLC then take microprocessor as core.Synthesize the calculator t

23、echnique automatically controls technique and correspondence technique but develops of a kind of new and in general use utomatic control device.Have structure simple, function superior, dependable sex Gao, work properly words in general use, be easy to plait distance, usage convenience etc. advantag

24、e etc.The silver Chuan City the first wastewater treatment factory adopted aSBR craft and take PLC as the control system of core, day after handling the sewage 10 104 t the processing of reach mark sewage can used for an agriculture irrigation.1 Control system structureControl the way of concentrati

25、on monitor management, scatter a control of the system adoption.The emulation hold, place of honor machine, gather a line machine, printer to Be located on medium control room, two set PLCs are located on control the spot.Adopt this kind of structure can make the information in the production line c

26、an centralized management with carry out whole operation, management with excellent turn.Also make to control dangerous dispersion in the meantime, raise the system credibility.1.1 The upper computersMedium control two calculator adoption PII class works of room to control machine, circulate the ope

27、rate system of Windows NT.The place of honor machine be responsible for on the scene establish each long range controlfull-automatic control, automatic control, order to move a control with surveillance, make use of Intouch7. 0 engineering software packages provide a good person machine dialogue bou

28、ndary but obtain concerning parameter and equipments appearance information from the PLC by searching a way, keep a view manifestation to come out on the CRT by good sketch type, print a necessary data in the meantime and be provided for lord to control and manager instruction produce.Supervise and

29、control boundary but include the system total diagram, system cent diagram, imitate the quantity general chart, parameter a constitution, report to the police a window, history trend and register a window etc. boundary but.In the system total diagram, circulate the personnel can keep watch on signal

30、s, such as all movement appearances, equipments trouble and liquid which control an equipments and discharge.etc.Operate a personnel in the system the cent the diagram can carry on a single machine point to move to circulate an operation to all control equipmentses, become the set automatically circ

31、ulate operation or the whole factorieses full-automatic operation combine surveillance.Inthe meantime place of honor machine 2 and do a plait distance a machine.Medium control room to establish another an inset type emulation to hold, is been one control by the place of honor machine, in order to ke

32、ep the craft process of the view manifestation whole factory and main parameter value.1. 2The PLC standAccording to wastewater treatment of two part, the spot the long range of the equipments the control output and the spot the signal collect to control a station completion from two PLC wood ground.

33、PLC1 native control station control the space grid, sewage promote a pump house, Pu spirit to sink sand ponds etc. to prepare a processing part.The PLC2 native control station controls dirty mire to dehydrate, press to filter machine etc. department.PLC3 native control station control SBRliving crea

34、ture processing part.Moreover, the on the spot native control station is each to establish an operation terminal to establish each, be responsible for at native to establish each control on the scene.automatic control, order to move a controlThe spot is each the physical parameter that the supervisi

35、on order and includewater level, temperature, discharge and turn soon, electric currents etc. imitate quantity, from to in response to of an appearance spread a feeling machine or change to send to a machine examination to come out and change into the electric current signal of the 420 mA, through s

36、hield inside the PLC that the electric cable sends to each statures system, from the PLC picks up a people through various mold piece sample telecommunication number.Same, imitate quantity control the signal send to performance organization by the 420 mA electric current form after being output by t

37、he PLC, control performance organization of action.The Modicon Quantum series PLC of Schneider company is satisfy liberal of, according to standard of network conjunction and the spot total line conjunction etc. application the technique provided various network a choice, support Modbus,Mod-bus Plus

38、MB+, the long range I/0, TCP/IP etc. network conjunction, havestronger and vivid.Therefore, the wastewater treatment is convenient to arrive of the PLC choose the series of Modicon Ouantum of useSchneider.1. 3 CorrespondencesMB+agreement is the Modicon company release of an open type of the adoption

39、 IEEE802. 4 correspond by letter 5 agreements the spot total line of card agreement.MB+the network together other networks compare to have a set of net simple, the investment be little, network speed quick, correspondence the stability strong etc. characteristics, it make calculator, controller and

40、other data sources through an usage double wring line or fiber optic cable Be a body to together carry on correspondence at the whole network top.But the CPU mold piece of the Modicon Quantum series PLC imply MB+correspondence, therefore correspond by letter a network to choose to use MB+network.Med

41、ium control two machine, two control stations with native PLC of room to pass MB+the network link together.The PLCCPU mold piece passes MB+correspondence and two machines carry on data commutation and collect the place of honor supervision various operation instruction of the system and the spot the

42、 examination signal and data, through analysis handle,pass exportation mold piece to control object output control signa；l In the meantime,the PLC passes MB+net upward the machine return to various data, place of honor machine logarithms according to carry on an operation processing, show various si

43、gnal and print various statement.2 The design of PLC control programThe system has four kinds of control methods:The native hand moves a control, single set equipments point moves a control, become a set, the equipments automatically controls, the whole factory equipments full-automatic control.Twok

44、inds of ex- with general methods at establish each adjust to try or maintain usage, the system is mainly circulate with full-automatic control.Under this kind of way, all each kind of equipmentses from PLC according to in advance draw up of procedure auto control, dont need to operate a personnel an

45、 intervention.Various spot data spreads a highest machine through a PLC, come out in the place of honor on board description and make the craft, equipments movement of whole factorieses get an overall control.The living creature processing part of the PLC3 station control is the whole wastewater tre

46、atment of key part, be limited by space, only with the PLC3 stand ofprogram design for example.2.1 Process of controlThe PLC3 stationses were use to control to get into Pu spirit from sewage, the pond is everywhere sewage run off Pu after manage spirit the whole process of the pond.Include turn of s

47、equence and time- switch moderate breezes machine of control various valve, pump, breeze machine to soon regulate etc. in this process.The Pu spirit pond is the core of wastewater treatment to construct a thing, sewage is to come and go through a microbial living creature oxygenation in the pond in

48、addition to organic matter, the processing effect of content to sewage of the oxygen in water is to go to a pass important.Request according to the SBR craft, the deliquescence oxygen in the Pu spirit pond content usually controls within the scope of 13 mgs/L and annoy a stage end to fuse an oxygen

49、content in the Pu should be not over the 2 mgs/L.Contain the oxygen once measured low or lead Gao, all will influence a fluid matter quantity.Handle 4 sets of the 10 104 t the SBR of 8 pond modes to respond pond to the day, each one responds that the pond go together with a pedestal from change Pin machine control