2022年人教版下册初一英语语法.docx

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1、精品学习资源一. 要点分析1. be from 的用法；初一下册英语语法欢迎下载精品学习资源 be from come from “来自 ”，“从 来”，表示某人来自某一个地方；但 be 是系动词， come 是实意动词，两个短语的否认和疑问形式不同；介词from 后接地点； 应用：a. - Where s your pen pal from .你的笔友来自哪里？- He s from Australia. 他来自澳大利亚；b. He is from China. He isn t from China. Is he from China.c. He comes from China. He

2、doesn t come from China. Does he come from China.2. livevi. “居住 ”，“生活 ” live in+ 地点名词，意为 “住在 地方” live + 地点副词 here,there,near here等 ，意为 “住在 地方 ” 当其做 vt. 用时，意为 “过 样的生活 ” 与 stay 的区分： stay 表示在旅社或伴侣家暂住几天； 应用：a. He lives in Beijing.他住在北京；b. I have lived here for ten years.我在这儿住十年了；c. We live a happy life.

3、我们过着幸福的生活；d. They stay at a hotel. 他们住在旅社；e. Live on以 为生，靠 生活 问居住地：- Where does she live.- She lives in Hangzhou.3. speakvt.&vi.“讲话 ”， “说话”， “发言 ”等；欢迎下载精品学习资源 speak +语言做及物动词 vi. 时只能接语言做宾语 ； speak to sb.“与某人谈话 ” say:说/讲着重说的内容 ,它的宾语只能是“话” 不是人 . tell: 告知某人某事 .a. tell sb sth.b. tell sb. about sb. /sth.c

4、. tell sb to do sth. talk:交谈、谈天 不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语a. talk to sb.b. talk with sb.c. talk about sth. 谈论 应用：a. Can IsayHi to Jeff, too.b. I have something important totellyou .c. She canspeakthree languages now .d. He istalkingwith his pen pal now .e. I want to talk to her. 我想和她说话；f. I cansayit in English

5、.g. Tellhim to give me some chalk.h. Don t speakin class. 问会什么语言？- What language does she speak . 她讲什么语言？- She speaks English. 她讲英语；4. how about 的用法： =what abouthow about 你“认为 .怎样 ”，表示建议等， 后接动词 ing 、名词或代词；但多使用How about doing sth. . ； 向对方提出询问时；I d like a cup of tea. How aobut you. 向对方提出建议或恳求，语气很委婉；Ho

6、w about going out for a walk.出去散漫步好吗？ 应酬时用作承接上下文的转折语；I m a teacher. How about you.二. 词组be from = come from来自 pen pal=pen friend 笔友欢迎下载精品学习资源live in在 居住in school 在学校speak English 讲英语play sports 做体育运动a little French一些法语go to the movies 去看电影an action movie一部动作片on weekends 在周末Excuse me 对不起，打扰write to sb

7、.给 写信My favorite subject我宠爱的科目三. 句型1. Where +be+主语 from.问诞生地 答复： 主语 befrom 地点 .- Where is your pen pal from.- He s from China.2. Where do/does+主语 live. 问居住地 答复： 主语 live/lives in- Where does she live.- She lives in Tokyo3. What language do/does +主语+speak. 问会什么语言 答复：主语 speak/speaks - Does she speak En

8、glish. 一般疑问句 - Yes, she does/No, she doesn t.- What language does she speak.特别疑问句 - She speaks English.- What language does she speak，English or Chinese. 挑选疑问句 - She speaks Chinese.留意：三种句型的答复方式；4. 主语 like/likes doing I like going to the movies with my friends.一.要点分析1. hopeh . p v. 期望；希望；期望 近义词 : hop

9、e,wish 与 want ，这三个词都表示“期望”, 都可以用作动词和名词；欢迎下载精品学习资源a. hope 既有主观愿望，又信任这愿望是能实现的；b. wish 只表示主观愿望，不考虑这种愿望是否能实现；c. want 是一个常用词，特别在口语中特别活跃；want 后接不定式，表示“想要做什么”，比hope to do 和 wish to do 的口气更任凭， 所表达的主观愿望并不特别剧烈；want 之后可接名词或代词，表示“想要得到某物” ，而 wish 和 hope 后面不行接名词， 需加介词 for 再接名词；I want a pair of glasses.我想要一副眼镜；We

10、are hoping for fine weather for your trip.我们期望此次旅行能有个好天气；He wished to see his daughter again before he died.他期望在死之前能够再见一次女儿； 常用词组hope for 期望；期望2. arrive .raIvv. 到达；抵达 arrive 作“到达”解时， 只表示一时的动作；a. arrive 表示到达某地，后面要接介词，到达的地方范畴大时用 in ，地方小时多用at；假设地点为地点副词或后面没有地点时,就省掉介词；They will arrive in Florida at midni

11、ght.他们将在午夜到达佛罗里达 美国的一个城市 ；They arrived at the station in the afternoon.他们下午到达车站； She has arrived for a month . 不能用一段时间 She arrived a month ago. 她一个月前到了；b. arrive home 作“到家”解， 但“到某人家”必需与 at 连用；I guess he will arrive home in the evening.我猜他将在晚上到家；I guess he will arrive at his parentsin theomeveening.欢

12、迎下载精品学习资源我猜他将在晚上到他父母家； 近义词 : get to 与 reacha. get to 也表示“到达”之意，可与任何地点连用；b. reachri:t.是及物动词 后面可以直接跟名词 ，意为“到达”，其后直接接到达的地点，而不用任何介词；My father arrived in Shanghai.我爸爸到达上海了；He arrived at the station .他已到达火车站；He got to the hospital this morning.他上午到了医院；Li Ming reached Beijing the day before yesterday.李明前天到

13、达北京； 反义词 leaveli:vv. 离开 常用词组arrive home 到家arrive here 到达这里arrive there 到达那里3. across . kr .s prep. 横过，在对面；There is a theater across the street. 街对面有一家戏院； 用法提示a. 表示“从 某物 的一边到另一边”；She swam across the river. 她从河的这边游到那边；b. 表示“横过；在对面”，后面可接from ；Their school is across the street.他们的学校在街道的对面；Susan lives ac

14、ross the road.苏珊住在路的对面；Across from the park is an old hotel.公园的对面是一个老饭店；c. 表示“与交叉”；At one point the railway line goes across the road.在一个地方铁路与大路交叉；欢迎下载精品学习资源 近义词： througha. through 意为“通过 , 从穿过” , 表示从某物中间穿过；We walked through the market to the track park.我们穿过市场到了卡车停车场；A river flows through the city. 一

15、条河流流经这个城市；b. across 意为“横过 , 穿过” , 表示从一边横穿到另一边；A boy ran across the street.一个男孩跑过了街道；4. 方位介词的用法； across from 在 的对面； next to 靠近，在 的旁边 near 在 的邻近 betweenand 在之间 in front of在 前面：表示 “在某一空间 外的前面 ” in the front of在 前面：表示 “在某一空间 里的前面 ” behind 在后面 应用：a. The pay phone is across from the library.b. The superma

16、rket is next to the library.c. There is a post office near here.d. The library is between the post office and the super market.e. He stands in front of the building. 他站在大楼前面； 屋外 f. He sat in the front of the classroom. 他坐在教室前面； 屋里g. The hotel is behind the library【提示】介词后的人称代词需用宾格形式，5. A with B结构的用法；

17、 with为介词，在句中常做后置定语，对被修饰语的特点进行描述；意思接近于 have 和 wear，但 have 和 wear 在句中常充当谓语； 试比照：欢迎下载精品学习资源 The girl with long hair is my sister. 做 girl 的后置定语 The girl has long hair is my sister. 句子结构错误 I m tall andwI ear glasses. wear 在句中做谓语 I m tall with glasses. with在句中对 I 进行说明说明 I m tall and I with glasses. with不能

18、做谓语， 故该句子错误 二. 短语post office邮局pay phone 投币式公用next to 在 隔壁、紧挨着across from 在 对面in front of在 前面外between and 在 和 之间on a street 在街上in the neighborhood在邻近take a walk 漫步have fun 玩得高兴the way to去 的路take a taxi 打的/乘出租车go straight 始终向前走arrive in/at到达go downalong沿着 走go through穿过 turn right/left向右/左转have a good

19、trip 旅途开心at the end of 在终止时at the beginning of在初期from the beginning从一开头from beginning to end从头到尾in the beginning开头时，起初beginning of 在开头时on one s hritg/left在某人右 /左边 on the right/left在右 /左边 in the neighborhood在邻近 =near here =around herecome over to 从一个地方来到另一个地方，过来四. 句型1. Is there a .问是否有、是否存在； have 表示“

20、拥有” -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.- Yes, there is. /No. there isn t2. Where is .问地点 -Where is the park, please.- It s behind the ban肯k.定答复 -I m sorr,yI don t know否. 认答复 3. Which is the way to + 地点 .问路 欢迎下载精品学习资源How can I get to + 地点.Can you tell me the way to + 地点？ 例如：Which is the

21、 way to the library. How can I get to the restaurant.Can you tell me the way to the post office.4. enjoy 后接名词或动词 -ing形式. Do you enjoy=like your work.Do you enjoy=like living in the city.五. 日常交际用语1. Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.2. I hope you have a good trip.3. If you are hungry, you can

22、 buy food in the restaurant.4. Take a walk though the park.5. Let me tell you the way to my house.6. Just go straight and turn left.7. Across from the park is an old hotel . 倒装句 : an old hotel是主语 Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.8. This is beginning of the garden tour.二.

23、 要点分析1. like 的用法 作及物动词，后接名词或代词，表示对事物的爱好或爱好； 与 would, should 连用，表示 “想要、情愿、期望 ”，语气委婉； like to do sth.表示有时宠爱做某事、或者突然宠爱干某事； like doing sth.强调宠爱和爱好的是一般性的行为或事实； How d o you like.用来询问对方，意为 “你觉得 怎么样 .” What do you like.询问对方的爱好，意为 “你宠爱什么 . like 作介词，意为 “像”、“和 一样 ”； 应用：a. I like fish and vegetables very much.欢

24、迎下载精品学习资源b. Would you like something to drink.你想要喝点什么吗 .c. Do you like to play basketball.d. The girl doesn t like doing housework.e. How do you like the city. 你觉得这座城市怎么样 .f. What do you like. I like swimming.g. She looks like her mother. The boy jumps like a monkey. We don t need a malinke him2. sm

25、art， clever 和 cute：都是形容词；cute 意思是 聪慧的，伶俐的，惹人宠爱的 ，常用于口语当中， 同义词是 clever，在口语中有时也可以通用；但 cute 多用来指动物的聪慧、美丽及惹人宠爱；clever 主要用来形容人或动物的脑子敏捷，懂得事物快；smart 意思也是 聪慧的 ，既可以修饰人也可以修饰物，与 clever是同义词；3. 使役动词 let 的用法： let s = let；ulset 后s面用动词原形， 意为 “让我们做 吧”，表示一种建议； let sb. do sth. 表示 “让某人做某事 ” 应用a. Let me help you.让我来帮你吧；

26、b. Let him have a try.让他试一试；c. Let s see the pandas sfitr. 咱们先看熊猫吧； 使役动词仍有： make 和 havemake sb. do sth. 表示 “叫某人做某事 ”= have sb. do sth.4. kind of与 a kind of的区分 kind of 是口语化的表达方式，意思是“有点儿，略微 ”，用来修饰形容词； a kind of是指 “一种”，用来修饰名词； 应用：欢迎下载精品学习资源a. She is kind of shy.她有点害羞；b. Tiger is a kind of animals.老虎是一种

27、动物；5. 否认疑问句： 常用来表示反问，意思是“莫非 ”，其结构是： “否认词 +主语+谓语或表语 ”答复常常用 Yes/No, 但这时的 Yes 意思是 “不”， No 意为 “是的 ”； 应用：a. - Doesn t he have a brother.莫非他没有个兄弟吗？- Yes, he does. 不，他有；- No, he doesn是t.的，他没有；b. - Isn t he cute难. 道他不行爱吗？- Yes, she is. 不，她是；欢迎下载精品学习资源三. 短语- No, she isn是的t.，她不是；欢迎下载精品学习资源want to do sth . 想要做

28、某事want sb. to do sth.想要某做某事want sth. 想要某物want to be 想成为 Let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事get up 起床kind of有几分 种类a kind of一种.years old . 年龄be quiet 寂静like to do sth.宠爱做某事like doing sth.宠爱做某事欢迎下载精品学习资源play with .与.一起玩have a look atduring the day在白天at night 在夜间四. 句型/ 日常交际用语1. -Why dose he like koalas. 问缘由 -Because

29、 they are kind of interesting.看欢迎下载精品学习资源2. -What animals do you like. what color 、what size 等-I like elephants.3. -Let ssee the lions.二. 要点分析1. work w :k工作欢迎下载精品学习资源 n. 工作，与 job 意识相近；两者均可表示 “工作 ”，但 job 主要指雇佣有酬劳的工作，是可数名词 ；而 work指“工作 ”、“劳动 ”，是一个含义极广的常用词，它的基本意思指需要付出努力的工作或劳动，是不行数名词 ；He has a good job i

30、n the bank.他在银行有份不错的工作；we have a job for you as a waiter.It took a lot of work to build a house.造一座房子花很多劳动； v. 工作a. work hard 努力工作Do you like to work hard.你情愿努力工作吗？b. work for为 做事，为 尽力DO you want to work for a magazine. 你想为杂志社工作吗？c. work as 作 的工作Come and work for us as a reporter .来为我们工作，做一名记者；d. wo

31、rk with和一起工作Do you like to work withother young people.你宠爱和其他年轻人一起工作吗？2. meetmi:t相遇、遇见、经受 meet 可以表示有目的的去见；meet with 往往表示偶遇You meet so many interesting people. Nice to meet you meet with 遇到，遇到；强调偶然性；仍常表示“遭受；经受；遭到 ”此时不能只用 meet.I met with a friend on the bus.我在车上遇到一个伴侣；3. What about 对于 怎么样欢迎下载精品学习资源这是常

32、用的一句口语；实际上是一个省略句，既What is itabout . 关“于 .怎么样 ”；这个句子一般情形下是不单独使用得，肯定得有上文的，在述说了某一事情之后，转向另一事物时，才用到这一句式； 后接名词、代词或动名词 ；A: My father is tall and handsome.我父亲高大而英俊；B: What about your mother.你母亲呢怎样？ A: We re going out for a trip.我们预备去旅行； B: What about going to Museum.去看博物馆如何？ How about going out for a walk.出

33、去散漫步好吗？ I am from Beijing. What about you.我是北京人，你呢？另外，这个句式仍常用How about替换；4. want vt.&vi.想要、想 wantsth. 想要 want to be表示职业的名词想要从事 ，想要成为 want to do sth. 想要做 What do you want to be . 问抱负 应用：a. I want a book.我想要一本书；b. I want to be a police officer.我想当一名警官；c. He wants to play football.他想要踢足球；d. - What do y

34、ou want to be.你想要从事什么职业？- I want to be a teacher.5. It s an exciting jo这b.是一项令人兴奋的工作；interesting令人感爱好的be interested对有爱好boring令人感到无聊的be bored对感到无聊surprising令人惊讶的be surprised对感到惊讶exciting令人兴奋的be excited对感到兴奋worrying 令人担忧的be worried对感到担忧 以-ed 结尾的形容词通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物； 以-ing 结尾的形容词用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特点，欢迎下载精品学

35、习资源 以-ing 结尾的形容词 说明人，就表示此人具有此性质或特点； 应用：a. He told me the news in a very excited voice.b. I minterested in this kind of movies.c. I am surprised at what he said.d. He feels bored on Sundays.e. The story is very interesting.f. It s an exciting jo. bg. The man is very interesting.三. 短语want to be+ 职业 想要

36、成为shop assistant 店员bank clerk银行职员movie actor电影演员in the day 在白天at night 在夜间talk to /with与讲话go out to dinners 外出吃饭in a hospital在医院newspaper reporter 报社记者四. 句型1. 英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：问职业 What do/does .do.例： What dose he do.- He s a teacher. What is.例： What is your father.What s one s job.例： What s your fathe

37、r s job.2. What do/does+ 某人+want to be. 问抱负 -What do you want to be.-I want to be a teacher.-What does she want to be .-She want to be a nurse.3. -Where does your sister work. 问工作地点 -She works in a hospital.4. -Does he work in the hospital ？-Yes, he does /No, he doesn t5. -Does she work late. 她上班迟到了

38、吗？ 欢迎下载精品学习资源- Yes, she does /No. she doesn t7. We also want a music teacher to teach guitar, piano, and violin.8. Do you want a busy but exciting job. 表示转就 五. 日常交际用语1. That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺好玩；2. I want to be a doctor. 我想成为一名医生；3. You mean my cousin, Mike.你是指我表哥迈克吗？4. Saturday is busy for h

39、im.周六对他来说很忙；5. He always has a lot of new things to learn .他总有很多新东西要学；6. Please call Karen at 555-8823. 请拨打 555-8823联系凯伦；二. 要点分析1. watch 的用法 : watch sb. do sth 观看某人 做了某事 ，表示结果 watch sb. doing sth观看某人 正在做某事 watch TV看电视 n. 手表、钟表 练习：The teacher is watching them playing football. I often watch her play

40、football.I love the watch.他宠爱这只手表；2. wait 一般用作不及物动词，意为“等；等候 ”； wait 可单独使用； wait 后接所等的人、物的名词或代词时，应与介词for 连用； wait to do sth. wait for sb.sth. to do ，表示 “等某人 物进行某动作 ”； 应用：a. I m waiting at the bus stop.我正在公共汽车站等候；b. I m waiting for the bus at the bus stop.c. They are waiting to have dinner 他们正等着吃饭；d.

41、We are waiting to go there 我们等着去那里；欢迎下载精品学习资源e. The students are waiting for their new teacher to come in 同学们正在等候新老师的到来；3. sound sound 是系动词，后面直接跟形容词或者名词； sound like后面只能跟名词短语； 应用：a. It sounds a good idea. 那听起来是个好想法；b. That sounds good. 那听起来很好；c. That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来是个好想法；3. thank 感谢、道谢

42、thank sb. thanks for sth. 感谢 thanks for doing sth.感谢某人做某事 thankful adj.感谢的、感谢的；a. be thankful to sb.感谢某人b. be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事而感谢某人 应用：a. thank you very much.= Thanks a lot.b. No, thanks=No, thank you.不，感谢；c. Thanks for your letter and the photos.感谢你的来信和照片；d. Thanks for helping me with my

43、 English.感谢你帮我学英语；e. I m thankful to your mother for washing my clothes.f. I m thankful to you for your help. = Thank you for your help.三. 短语eat dinner 吃饭；就餐clean the room 打扫房间watch TV看电视talk to/about谈论 write a letter写信wait for等待；等候take photos 拍照TV show电视节目Some of 中的一些in the tree 在树上at school 在学校be

44、with sb. 和 人一起欢迎下载精品学习资源stay with sb.和 人呆在一起a photo of my family我的家庭照 play basketball/soccer 打篮球踢足球read newspaper/a book 看报纸看书go to the movies去看电影 =go to the cinema四. 句型1. -What be主语 +doing. 正在做什么？- 主语 bedoing 正在做某事-what are you doing.- I m doing my homework.2. Here are/is.Here are some of my photos. Here is a photo of my family.3. -Do you want to go to the