2022年人教版八级英语下册单元知识点归纳总结.docx

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1、Unit 1 what tshe matter.1. Whats the matter. 怎么了？如是询问 “某人怎么了 .”要用“ Whastthe matter with sb.”拓展： Whats the matter with sb.的同义句：Whats wrong with sb. / Whats the trouble with sb.中考再现： Hi, John.Its Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.A. How are youB. Whats the matterC. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy like2. 疾病类短语 :. h

2、ave a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽. have a +身体部位 -ache. e.g.: have a headache头痛 have a toothache 牙痛. have a sore+身体部位 . e.g.: have a sore throa咽t中考再现： Mom, I.喉痛 have a sore back背痛Im sorry to hear that, dear. We must go to see the dentist right away.A. have a headacheB. h

3、ave a stomachacheC. have a toothacheD. have a fever3. lie down 躺下 V. 躺,平躺；现在分词是 lying. e.g.: Dont lie in bed all morning.拓展： lie 的词性和含义总结.V. 位于,坐落在； e.g.: Japan lies to the east of China.V. 撒谎,说谎； lie to sb. 对某人撒谎； e.g.: Dont believe her because she always lies. N. 谎言；tell lies/a lie 说谎；e.g.: You sh

4、ouldnt tell lies to your parents.4. if 引导的条件状语从句时,主将从现；中考再现： Stop smoking, Joe. Youyourself if you keep on doing it like that.A. will killB. have killedC. killD. killed5.see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事 ”,强调动作正在进行see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事 ”,强调动作常常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程留意含义过去式过去分词躺,平躺laylain位于,坐落在撒谎,说谎liedlie

5、de.g.: We saw the boy playing computer games.We often see the boy play computer games.We saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.1When I walked through the playground, I saw my friendsfootball.A. playB. to playC. playingD. is playing6. get 短语get up 起来,起床get to=reach, arrive in/at到达 get on

6、 上车get off 下车 get into 陷入,参加get in 进入,到达 get back 回来get ready for. 为.做预备get on well with sb. 和某人和谐相处7. to ones surprise 令某人诧异的是； surprise 是名词,诧异,诧异；8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难；I always have much troubleEnglish words. Can you give me some advice.A. to rememberB. rememberC. remember

7、ing9. be used to doing sth.习惯做某事； e.g.: They are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事； e.g.： He used to play football, but now helikes playing basketball.10. take risks/a risk. 冒险； risk V. 冒险；11. .run out 用完,用完,主语通常是 “时间,金钱,食物 ”等无生命的东西；e.g.：All the money ran out.run out of 用完,主语通常

8、是人； e.g.：We have run out of our pocket money.12. off 短语： turn off 关闭,关掉 take off 起飞,脱掉put off 推迟,拖延get off 下车 give off 发出,散发set off 动身中考再现： We have tothe bike ride because of the bad weather.A. put offB. turn offC. take offD. get off13. . important adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性中考再现

9、 From the show Running Man, we can learn theof team spirit.make a decision=decide 后接不定式, “做出打算,打算 .”I made a bigto stop doing my job for a few months.be in control of 掌管,掌握out of control 脱离掌握中考再现： The car was out ofand hit a tree by the road.A. dangerB. breathC. controlD. practice14. .keep ondoing s

10、th. 连续做某事,坚持做某事；中考再现： He keptso that he could be in health.A. exerciseB. exercisingC. to exercise.give up “舍弃”代词放中间give up doing sth. 舍弃做某事中考再现 :No matter how hard it is, dont . Things will be better in the future.A. give outB. give upC. give away15. 重难点全解：情态动词 should2should 的用法作情态动词时,表责任和义务,意为 “应当,

11、应当 ”,可用于任何人称；确定句主语+should+动词原形 +其他否定句主语+should not/shouldnt+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 +should+主语+动词原形？近义表达： ought to /be supposed to do翻译：现在你应当戒烟了；16. 易错易混全解too many表示“太多”,修饰可数名词的复数 too much表示“太多”,修饰不行数名词 much too表示“太”,修饰形容词或副词The meat is expensive and eating meat istngood for our health.

12、 A.too much, much tooB. too much, too muchC. much too, too muchD. much too, too manybecause是连词, “由于,由于 ”,引导缘由状语从句because of是介词短语, “由于,由于 ”,后跟名词、代词或动名词Millie made a few mistakes in the examher carelessness.A.becauseB. so thatC. as a resultD. because ofdieV. “死,去世,逝世 ”deadadj. “死的,死亡的 ”deathn. “死,死亡 ”

13、中考再现： Lei Fengfor many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A. diedB. has diedC. was deadD. has been deadUnit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.131. hope to do sth. 期望做某事, 含 hope to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句；eg: I hope to pass the exam.=I hope that I can pass the exam.agree to do sth.同意做某事dec

14、ide to do sth.打算做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.遗忘做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2. “动词+up”的短语小结：clean up打扫洁净 cut up 切碎 grow up 长大set up熬夜 set up 建立,设立stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来,叫醒take up 占用 give up 舍弃 use up 用完cheer up 使振作起来,使兴奋起来（代词必需放中间）put up 搭建,张贴make up

15、组成,编造end up 最终成为,最终处于中考再现： Many volunteers will help tothe city parks next parks next Friday.A. give upB. pick upC. clean up3. give out： 发出,放出（热,光等） The sun gives out light and heat to the earth用完,耗尽 We had just reached home when the petrol gave out.公布,发表 The news of the event was given out over the

16、 radio.4. give 的短语： give away 捐赠,赠给give up 舍弃 give back 归仍give off 发出,放出 give in 让步,屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb给. 某人某物5. put off doing sth.推迟做某事 e.g.: We cant put off making a plan.常见的 put 短语： put on 穿上,戴上 put out 熄灭,扑灭 put up 搭起,升起, 张贴 put up with 容忍 put away 收起来中考再现 :They heard the party was

17、because of the exam.6. come up with 提出,想出（答案,方案等）Hemany ideas to solve these problem already. 7.used to变否定句或疑问句常常借助助动词did.确定句主语+used to+动词原形 .否定句主语+didnt use to+动词原形 .确定答语Yes,主语+did.一般疑问句否定答语No,主语+didnt.8. care的延长:派生词:careful 当心的carefully 当心地 careless马虎的 carelessly马虎地短语： care for 照管,喜爱 care about 关怀

18、,在意 take care 当心 take care of照管,照管9. such+ a/an+形容词 +名词=so+形容词 +a/an+名词“如此”留意：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时,要用 so,而不用 such.中考再现： We had awful weather we couldnt finish the work on time.A. so, thatB. such, thatC. such an, that10. -ing 是名词后缀； e.g.：reading 阅读 writing 写作 spelling 拼写 swimming游泳 skati

19、ng 滑冰 fishing 钓鱼 smoking 抽烟11. be satisfied/pleased with. 对. 中意 satisfaction n. 中意,满意12. 常见的 “take+介词/副词”短语：take down 写下,拆除 take off 起飞,脱掉 take out 取出,掏出 take in 吸取take over 接管 take away带走 take up 占用 take back 收回中考再现： I my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.A. took outB. took offC. took place13.

20、常见的 “动词+away”的短语： throw away 扔掉, 丢弃 run away 逃跑get away 逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away离开,使不接近take away 带走go away 离开 put away 收起来 give away 捐赠 stay away远离-What are you doing, Mum. -Im some old things for a yard sale.A. giving awayB. hurrying upC. cleaning outD. walking into一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时am/is/a

21、re +donewas/were +done am/is/are being +done will be +doneam/is/are going to be +donehave/has been +done14. be similar to 和.相像/类似 e.g.: His dress is similar to mine in color. 15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：中考再现： These model carsin China in 2022.A. are madeB. were madeC. makeD. made16. make it +adj.（+for sb.+to do

22、sth. 使某人做某事 .find it + adj. （ +for sb.+to do sth. 发觉 怎么样17. be excited about 因.而兴奋不已 e.g.: We were excited about the good news. 同根词： excite v. 使兴奋,使兴奋 excited adj.兴奋的,兴奋的（常用来修饰人） exciting adj.令人兴奋的,兴奋的 常用来修饰事或物） excitement n.兴奋,兴奋They are about the news.A. excited, excited B. exciting, exciting C. e

23、xciting, excited D. excited, exciting18. could 的用法:表建议,语气较委婉 “可以”e.g.: You could help to clean the park.can 的过去式,表示过去具备的才能； e.g.: She couldnt dress herself until five.19. 动词不定式的用法A. 动词不定式的语法功能作主语To learn English well is very important.=It is very important to learn English well.作表语My job is to look

24、after patients.作宾语We want to go swimming.作宾语补足语She invited me to go to the concert.作定语I have something important to tell you.作状语She got up early to catch the early bus.中考再现 :I was tired out, so I stopped the cara short rest.A. haveB. havingC. to haveD. had状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和相伴状况等的一

25、种句法成份 .状语一般由副词、 介词短语、 分词和分词短语、 不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当 .其位置一般放在句末 ,但也可放在句首或句中 .1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词 ,形容词 ,副词或全句的词 ,说明时间 ,地点,程度,方式等概念.He speaks English very well. 他英语说得特别好 .（very 是程度副词 ,用来修饰 well. very well 是修饰 speak的程度状语）2. 介词短语The boy was praised for his bravery.那个男孩由于他的英勇受到了夸奖 .（for his bravery 在句中作缘由状语）3. 从句

26、作状语If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.假如我明天不忙 ,我将和你一起踢足球 .（If I am not busy tomorrow 在句中作条件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.I come specially to see you. 我特地来看你 . （ to see you在句中充当目的状语） 5.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad tempe和r. 他妻子吵架后 ,他愤怒地地离家出走了 .（ having ha

27、d a quarrel在句中作时间状语）Reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry.（ reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系 ,所附例句有限 ,期望你能对状语有一个概要的明白 .B. “特殊疑问词 +动词不定式 ”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, when, where, which等之后,作主语,宾语,表语等；e.g.: How to get there is a probl

28、em（. 作主语）I dont know what to say.作宾语）The question is how to learn English well.作表语）中考再现： -It s important for us to know all the subjects.-Yeah, group work is my favorite.A. how to studyB. when to studyC. which to studyD. what to studyC.含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan, hope, agree, decide等；e.g.: We pl

29、an to go climbing.My father agreed to take us to the museum. They decide to join the swimming club.有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告知某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.勉励某人做某事warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事ask sb.to do sth.恳求某人做某事advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事中考再现 :We advise parentst

30、heir children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A. leavingB. not to leaveC. leaveD. to leave20. repair, mend, fix 区分repair 意为 “修理”,修理的对象着重于破旧, 毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体； e.g. : When I got home, my brother was repairing his radio.mend 意为“修理”,修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品；如粘贴的小用具,玩具,要缝补的衣物等； e.g.：My kite is

31、 broken. Can you mend it？fix 意为“修理”,强调校准, 校正；e.g.: Hes outside fixing the brakes in the car.21. alone, lonely 区分alone可以作形容词,副词,强调独自一人,没有同伴；作形容词时,在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语,不能作定语；lonely只能作形容词,意为 “孤独的,孤寂的 ”带有肯定的感情颜色I was alone, but I did not feel lonely.中考再现 :She lives in a small village, but she didnt feel .A. l

32、onely, lonely B. alone, lonelyC. lonely, alone 22.open, close, turn on, turn offopen close turn on turn off用于能直接打开或关上的东西,如：门,窗,盒子,书用于需要通过按钮,遥控或旋转才能打开的东西,如：电器（灯,电视,电脑）或水龙头 tap23.bring, take, carry, fetchbring意为“带来”,指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take意为“带走”,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry一般指 “随身携带 ”,此外多用于汽车,火车的交通工具时,表“运载”

33、fetch表示 “去取来 ”,口语中常用 get,表示 “去某地取某物,再回来”,表双向动作Unite3 Could you please clean your room.1. “ Could you please do sth.的. 答语以”下两种情形：接受恳求时可以用 Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./Mypleasure./Its my pleasure./With pleasure等. 来回答拒绝恳求时可以用 Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等来回答,仍可以用 I have to do sth来.说明缘由其否

34、定句是 : “Could you please not do sth.”2. 有关“家务劳动 ”有关的短语：take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾fold ones clothes叠衣服sweep the floor扫地clean the room打扫房间makeones /the bed铺床do the dishes/wash the dishe洗s 餐具3. throw down 扔下 throw at 扔向,掷向throw away 扔掉,丢弃中考再现： Recycling is good, so dont bottles or newspapers.A. find

35、outB. hand inC. use upD. throw away4. the minute 表示“一.就.”,相当于 as soon as.引 e.g.: Ill tell him the minute he gets there.导时间状语从句 5. 常见 time 的短语：all the time 始终,总是 at times 不时,有时 in time 准时 on time 按时 for the first time 第一次 in no time 立刻,立刻at any time随时at the same同时have a good/great/wonderful time玩的开心b

36、y the time 到.的时候中考再现： -Hurry up. It s almost time for school.-Dont worry. We are sure to be at school .A. at timesB. on timeC. all the timeD. by the time中考再现： -Hurry up. It s almost time for school.-Dont worry. We are sure to be at school .A at timesB. on timeC. all the timeD. by the time6. as .as 表

37、示“和.一样”,之间要用形容词或副词的原级；e.g.: She is as tall as her elder brother.中考再现： Look. This house is asas that one.A. the most beautifulB. more beautifulC. beautiful否定结构是 not as/so as,表示“不如 .,比不上.”7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词 /be 动词/情态动词 +主语当前面表达的确定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词 /be 动词/情态动词 +主语当前面表达的否定事实也适用于后者时中考再现：

38、-I dont understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob.-. A. Neither I doB. Neither do IC. So do I8. in surprise 诧异地 e.g.: She looked at me in surprise.9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序； e.g.: She asked me why I liked cartoons.中考再现： -I d like to know .-Maybe in the forest.A. whether we will go campingB. whe

39、re we will go campingC. whether will we go campingD. where will we go camping10. in order to目的“是,为了 ”,后跟动词原形； in order to do sth. 表示“为了做某事”,否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事 ”；so that, in order that 表示“目的是,为了 ”,用来引导目的状语从句,可以转换为含 to, in order to 的句子；中考再现 :In orderfor the meeting, my sister forced

40、 herself to get up early this morning.A. not to be lateB. not being lateC. to be lateD. being late11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.表示“给某人供应某物 ”；中考再现： Parents oftentheir childrensome good advice.A. offer; withB. offer;/C. provide; withD. both B and C12. “动词+on”的短语： depend on/upon 依靠,依靠,取

41、决于 ., 由.打算 get on 上车 turn on 打开 come on 快点,加油put on 穿上,上演call on 号召pass on 传递 concentrate on 用心,集中精力中考再现： -Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow.-Itthe weather.A. carries onB. lives onC. depends onD. holds on13. since 作连词,意味 “由于,既然 ”,此时引导缘由状语从句,表示因果时语气没有 because剧烈；（介词）,自 以来,自从（副词）,从那以后,此后连词,既然, 由于,

42、自以来He has eaten nothing since yesterday.I saw him in June, but we havent met since. He has been in the army since he left school.中考再现 : Iscared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. will beB. wasC. have been D. would be14. take care of 表示“照管”,和 look after, care for 是同义表达；表示 “

43、好好照管某人”要用 take good care of sb. =look after sb.well.中考再现： In our daily life, we must learn to ourselves well at any time. Its asimportant as studying. A. deal withB. worry aboutC. look after15. as a result 意为“结果,因此 ”eg.: He didnt study hard. , he failed his exam.fall 的短语小结： fall asleep 睡着,入睡fall ill

44、生病 fall behind 落后fall off跌落,从 跌下来fall down 跌倒,摔倒fall in love with 爱上. He and has been in hospital for two days.重点难点全解16. 用 could 提出要求和征求许可 用 could 提出要求常见的结构是 Could you please . 译为“你能 吗？ ”或“请你.好吗？ ” 假如同意就用 OK. 或 No problem.等来回答；假如不同意就用 Sorry, I cant.等来回答,并以委婉的方式来说明缘由；中考再现： -Could you please sweep the

45、 floor, Tom.-Sorry, mum, I . Im doing my homework.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. may not-Could you please turn off the TV.-,I. I want to watch the sports news.A. No; couldntB. Sorry; cantC. Sure; canD. Sorry; couldn t 用 could 征求许可常见的结构是 Could I.可翻译为 “我能/可以.吗？ ”此时回答不用 could, 习惯上确定回答用 may, can等；否定回答用 cant 或 mustnt语气中 ； 中考再现： -Could I borrow your bike, please.- .A. Of course you canB. It doe