2022年人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点.docx

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1、精品学习资源U5BX5First aid Language points1 Aid v 帮忙 ; 救济 =help sb帮忙某人去做 . aid sb to do在 事帮忙某人 aid sb inHe aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n/U/ 帮忙 ; 救济在某人的帮忙下 with the aid of为了帮忙 in ai d ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of com

2、puters. He raised money in aid of the sick.学问拓展：give/offer aid救济come to sb.s aid 帮忙某人cut off aid突然终止救济a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具medical aid 医疗抢救2. temporary临时的，临时的temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛temporary work/ solution临时工作 /解决方法3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silentHis wife sudde

3、nly last week. She has for a week.fellillbeenill4 get+过去分词表被动或状态The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured 受伤get dressed 穿衣服欢迎下载精品学习资源get damaged 遭到破坏get

4、changed 转变get married 结婚get infected 被感染get broken 被弄破get lost 迷失，走丢5 injure v. n. adj. injury to sth. 部位的伤He gotat work.他干活时腿受了重伤；injuryHein the accident.他在意外事故中受了伤；injure injuries to the legsgot injured injury injuredhurt 肉体，精神上的损害一般用语，疼痛injure 意外或事故而受伤wound 指外伤刀、枪、剑伤woundedinjured hurt hurt injur

5、edHe gotin the fighting.He was badlyin a car accident. Her wordsme deeply.Imy back when I fell.My feet.6. bleed-blood-bloody v.n.adj.His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血；bleed for 为 而流血 , 悲伤bleed to death 出血过多而死lose blood 流血、失血flesh and blood 血肉之躯7. chok

6、evi. & vt.窒息 ; 堵塞She choked with emotion.她冲动得说不出话来；The smoke almost choked me.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来；At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear 听到这那么噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪；The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来；8.essential adj. 最重要的，不行缺少的，本质的1Sun and water are essential to the growth of cr

7、ops. 阳光和水是农作物生长不行缺的；2It is essential for us to set our study goal. 我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标；欢迎下载精品学习资源3It is essential that you should win the voters hearts. 赢得选民的信任是至关重要的；- 当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should + 动词原形 ；9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,act as作为.barrier

8、 屏障 ,障碍物 ,隔膜You should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrier against 反对 ,阻挡whichact as barrier 定从10poison n./vt.毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1Poisons must be put out of childrens reach. 毒药肯定要放在孩子们够不到的地方；2This matter will make some poison to the crops. 这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害；3Books of this kind can make poison

9、 to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害； 4Heroin has poisoned a lot of people. 海洛因毒害了很多人；5The polluted water in the river poisoned people here. 污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒；-poisonousadj. 有毒害的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11. protect against/ from 爱护 不受 的损害欢迎下载精品学习资源prevent from doing 阻挡Wear sunglas

10、ses to. You need warm clothes. Nobody can protect your eyes from strong lightto protect you against cold prevent them from getting married阻挡他们结婚 欢迎下载精品学习资源It is my duty tomy students from being hurt when they are in danger. DA. preventB. save C. stop D. protect prevent sb. from doingstop sb. from do

11、ing keep sb. from doing12. sense n. & v. five senses： sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of tastesense ofhumour、duty、directionThe man hasno common sense . 无常识 What he said made no sense.没道理 欢迎下载精品学习资源sense v.感觉到Although she didn t say anyIthsiengn,sed

12、 that she didn t like th.e idea 我感觉到她不喜爱这个想法13. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.该句是一个主从复合句，主句为： So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious ；从句为： as you can imagine.as 引导非限制性定语从句， 指代后面的内容， 有“正如 或 “就象 的意思； 它所引的从句位置较敏捷，可以位于句首、句中或句末；另外，该句的主句中仍含有一个if 引导的条件

13、状语从句；请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.正如你所看到的，这些农田假如爱护不当迟早会变成沙漠；as we all know= asis known to all asweexpect= asisexpected as everybody can seeas you can imagine14. various不同的，各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.v

14、aryvi 1. in sth be different in size, volume, strength, etc体积、容积、力气等 出现不同Opinions vary on this point.15. vary with sth;from sth to sth change , esp according to some factor 转变 , 变动 , 变化尤指相伴某种因素而产生Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的心情由乐观一变而为极度消沉var

15、ietyn.变化，多样性，种类We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+ 名词 ,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一样16.dependon 取决于 ,依靠 ,依靠,信任 ,信任His whole family depends on him他全家都靠他养活 . He is a man to be depended on 他是个可以信任的人dependent adj. dependence n. independent adj. independ

16、ence n.17. mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.mild 在这个句子中的意思是“稍微的、不严峻的；如： Edward suffered from a mild heart attack. 爱德华犯了稍微的心脏病；mild 仍可以表示 “温顺的、温和的；味淡的如： Shes the mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见

17、到过的最温顺的人了欢迎下载精品学习资源a mild climate温和的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪gentle/soft/ mildThe punishment is very. The weather is.I like apillow.He was a person ofbirth. 身世良好 He spoke in avoice.mild mild gentle softgentle/soft/ mild18. 词语辨析 :electric 电的,发电的 ,由电产生的 ,用于导电的 . electrical 有关电的 ,与电有关的 .electricity 电,电力 . 电力学

18、electric generator 发电机 ,electric cooker电炉 , electric iron电熨斗 ,electric engineer电机工程师19. swellvt./vi. Swell swelled/swelled swollen 使膨胀，使 力气，数目等 增长，使壮大， The wind swelled the sails.风使船帆鼓起；His injured wrist began to swell up. 他那受伤的手腕开头肿起；Her face swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm.风

19、力渐增，最终形成一场暴风雨；a small business swelled into a big company. 壮大4Never swell with pride when you make some contributions.有了贡献不要沾沾自喜；swell with pride/anger满意洋洋、怒气冲冲The doctor examined the swelling on my back. swollenadj. 肿胀的His eyelid is swollen.他眼皮肿了；20.stickstick sth. to sth.粘住Stick the glue to my fin

20、gers. stick to doing sthstick to 坚持stick to one s坚v持iew自己的观点21. jewellery=jewelry珠宝 总称 不行数jewel可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物Thewere kept in the safe.Many women like to buy as muchas possible. Father always says I am his.欢迎下载精品学习资源jewel jewellery jewelsShe appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels. She lock

21、ed her jewels in the jewellery box.My sister has _ .A. a piece of jewelleryB. a jewelleryC. a little of jewelsD. a bit jewellery22. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立刻用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-y 是个形容词后缀；如：windy 有风hilly多小山的sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈绿色的spicy 辛辣的woody 树木茂盛的23. unbearable 不能忍耐的un 不能 .,

22、无法 . unforgettableunwilling unusual uncertain unfair unfitunbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable24. squeeze 挤；压；塞sth. into sth. 把 塞进sth. from/ out of sth.挤出through 挤过sth. out of sb.敲诈逼某人说出sb in 挤出时间见某人crocodile squeezed a tear.I squeezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything i

23、nto a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively Although I am bu sy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 o clockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze moremoney out of him. 那些勒索者准备向他榨取更多钱；I ll never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of meThe little boy

24、is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and again欢迎下载精品学习资源over and again many times repeatedlyfrom time to time now and then now and again SometimesAt timesOn occasions26. Hold the b

25、andage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定；in place 在适当的地方；如：The librarian put the returned books in place.图书馆员把仍回的图书放到原处；You d better put things back in place你. 最好把你的东西放回原位；Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.不得体 ,不适当in place 仍有 “预备就绪的意思；如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in p

26、lace. 周六的音乐会已经预备就绪；With everything in place, she started the slide show.27.Pour1. 倒,灌,注She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶；2. 倾注 ;大量投入 ;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅行业；3 倾吐 ,诉说She often pours her troubles to friends.她常常向伴侣们倾诉自己的苦恼；不及物动词 vi.1. 倾泻 ,涌流T

27、he crowd poured out of the concert hall.人群从音乐厅涌出来；Sweat poured from Martins face.马丁脸上汗如雨下；2. 斟茶Shall I pour.我来斟茶好吗 . 3 雨倾盆而降 +downThe rain poured steadily down.大雨不停地倾盆而下；Pour cold water on/over 对 泼冷水Pour oil on the flames 火上浇油Pour oil on troubled waters 平静风波I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空；1. There are over 115 di

28、fferent kinds ofpoison snakes in Australia.2. Doctors in that hospital are developing a newtreat for cancer.3. He is amildly person who never shouts. poisonoustreatmentmild4. This machine has anelectric fault. 与电有关的欢迎下载精品学习资源5. His face wasswell up with toothache.6. If heblood too much, his life wil

29、l be in danger.7. His foot was burned by hot water and there were severalwater blisters on it. swollenbleedswatery electricalII. 依据句意 ,挑选适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空；1. protect; defenda. Taking an umbrella canyou from rain.b. Schools should give children lessons on how tothemselves. protectprotect / defend2. w

30、ound; injure; hurta. She was badlywhen she fell off her bike.b. His legwhen he walks.c. The soldier got a seriousin the war. hurt / injuredwound hurts3. insist on; stick toa. Once a decision has been made, all of us shouldit.b. Theyleaving that day.c. He alwayshis promise. sticks tostick to insisted

31、 on4. cut off; cut out; cut upHe wasthe meat and wanted to make dumplings.b. You canthe unimportant details.c.The village wasby heavy snow for a month. cut offcutting up cut outIII. 用适当的介词填空；1. We don t want to hear your opinions; stickthe facts.2. The robber robbed the bankforce.3. Whether we will

32、have a picnic tomorrow dependsthe weather.4. He wasgreat pain after he broke his arm. toby onin / of5. They decided to join to fightthe enemy and defend their country.欢迎下载精品学习资源6. As soon as all the chairs areplace, we can let the people in. Don t take any noticewhat he says.8.the aid of our teacher

33、, we got through all the difficulties.With against inofV. 以下各句均有一处错误 ,请指出并改正 .If you want to change for a do uble room, you ll haveayto opther 30 yuan.another2. First the curtain caught a fire and then the bed clothes.it3. I like that in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.4. To my disap

34、pointment, none of my parents answered the telephone.neither5. She knew there was no doubt whether he was lying to her.that6. It was in the street where I met John. that7. The speech is in the place for this occasion.VI. 依据括号内所给的提示将以下句子翻译成英语；1. 他被年轻人挤出了人才市场；squeeze out ofHe was squeezed out of the j

35、ob market by young people.2. 我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事；over and over again I ve warned you over and over again not to do such silly things.3. 用胶带固定好绷带；in place Hold the bandage in place with tape.4. 风暴对庄稼没造成多大的破坏；do damage to The storm didn t do much damage to the crops.5. 我不疑心他能按时完成任务；doubtI don t doubt

36、 that he can finish the task on time.6. 坚持做完一件事；stick to Stick to a task until it is finished.7. 法律一旦被制订 ,就应当被仔细执行；carry out Laws must be carried out seriously once made.8. 正是那个护士的快速反响和急救学问挽救了男孩的生命；It was the n urse s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved the boy.Reading21 baward, rewar

37、d, prizeaward 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，赐予；也可以指法庭裁决赐予；如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最杰出的同学；reward “报答，报偿，奖赏，表示由于做了某事而应当得到的东西；如： The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金；prize奖“赏，奖金，奖品，尤指在竞赛中获得的荣誉；如：Hundreds of prizes can be won

38、in our newspaper competition.参与我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品；欢迎下载精品学习资源1. It is widely accepted that young babies learn todo things because certain acts lead to.A. rewardsB. prizesC. awardsD. results2. The mayorthe police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.A rewarde

39、dB awardedC creditedD prized一. award 与 reward 词义辨析A B3. The police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robber s arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prizeD. rewardD2.Honorn. U荣誉，敬重 ;名誉It s a point of honor with mteo reply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以为荣的人 /事，只用单数；(D) The successful laun

40、ch of the“ Shenzishoaun VhoI nor to our country. do sb an honor /the honor of doing sth 使某人有特别的荣幸,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me.可否赏光和我一起吃饭？in sb s /sth出s 于ho对nor 的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举办一次盛大的圣诞晚会；in honor of，为纪念 ，为庆祝 A monument was built in hono

41、r of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑；Honorv. 赐予夸奖或嘉奖、头衔、称号1 honor sb/sth with sth The President honored us with a personal visit. 2 be honored for因 而受到敬重Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work. 白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉；欢迎下载精品学习资源3 be/feel honored that意到我；很荣幸能

42、做 I am honored that you should notice me. 我很荣幸您能注欢迎下载精品学习资源4 be/feel honored to do很荣幸能做 ；I am honored to be here with you. 能和你在这里我感到很荣幸；an honored guest贵宾3 presentv.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1.赠送欢迎下载精品学习资源present + sth. +to +s

43、b.把某物送给某人present + sb. +with sth.赠送某人某物2. introduce sb formally正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男伴侣介绍给我们；3. show 显示 ,出现a smiling face 显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividlyed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj. 作前置定语 , “目前的 ,现在的作后置定语 , “出席的 ,在场的the present members the members present n. gift 礼物相关短

44、语：the present day今日 =todayat present at the present time now现在for the present临时the present现在 相当于名词 be present at出席 ;到场4.ceremonyn. C 典礼；仪式U 礼节；礼仪；客套The wedding ceremony was beautiful. There is no need for ceremony between us. Expressions:stand on ceremony 拘泥礼节；讲究客套with ceremony正式；郑重without ceremony

45、不拘礼节地；任凭地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony. 人们以最高规格的仪式欢送国家首脑；5. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中 when 作并列连词相当于and then 意为正值 时突然 ,常用于以下句型： be doing when正在做 突然be about to do when 即将做 突然be on the point to do w正h要en去做 .突然has/have/had done when刚刚 这时 突然 例题 06，湖南I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel, I heard the steps.A whileB. whenC. sinceD. after6 cut ones finger割破手指have ones hair cut 理发cut expenses 削减费用欢迎下载精品学习资源cut a c