2022年人教版八级上册英语语法短语和知识点总结 .docx
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1、八年级上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation.本单元的话题: 谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时;本单元的语法: 1. 复习一般过去时;2. 学习不定代词和不定副词的用法;语法: 1. 本单元显现的 动词不规章过去式有:isam-was是 are - were是 go-went去 buy bought买 take -took拿走,dodoes didfeed fed 喂 see saw 观察 eat ate吃 havehashad 有,吃feel felt感觉 ride rode骑 get got到达, 得到 can could能,会
2、 forgetforgot遗忘drink drank 喝 find found 找到2. 不定代词和不定副词的用法: somebodyanyoneeverythingnowhere(疑问副词) 不定代词和不定副词(1) 左边的 some、any 、every 、no 与右边的 body 、one、thing构成不定代词 ,some、any 、every 、no 与右边的疑问副词where 构成 不定副词 ;(2) 一般情形下以 some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句,以any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one 为两个单
3、词) ;(3) 不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面;He has something importantto do. 他有重要的事情要做; (确定句用 something ,形容词 important放后)Did you buyanythingspecial.(一般疑问句用 anything,形容词 special放后)Did you goanywhere interesting last month.上个月你去令人感爱好的地方了吗? 一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere ,形容词 interesting放后 ( 4)不定代词和不定副词做主语 时,后面的动词用 单数形式 ;Eve
4、rone is here today.今日每个人都在这里;本单元的短语和学问点:1.P1 ,图片 go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains上山/ 进山2.P1 , 1astayat home呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩 visitmuseums 参观博物馆 goto summer camp去参观夏令营3.P2 , 2bstudy for tests为考试而学习备考go out出去4.P2 , 2dquite a few相当多 , 不少(后跟可数名词复数)He has quite a few friends.他有不少伴侣; take photo
5、s照相 most of the time大部分时间5. (P3, 语法表格 3 行buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣;6. (P3, 语法表格 4 行 taste good.尝起来很好taste (尝起来) 、look (看起来) 、sound (听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来特别可口; The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体恤
6、衫看起来很美丽;The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很美丽;7. ( P3, 语法表格 5 行 have a goodgreatfun time过得兴奋,玩得开心(=enjoy oneself) They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很高兴;8.P3,3a go shopping去购物9.P3,3b,4行 nothing,but+ 动词原形:除了 , 之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday
7、.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做;10.P3,3b,5行 seem to do sth:似乎, I seem to know him.我似乎熟悉他; seem+( to be ) +形容词:看起来,The work seems ( to be )easy. 这工作看起来很简洁;11. ( P3,3c ) keep a diary记日记12.P5,2b,1行 in+大地方:达到某地( get to +地方 :达到某地)arriveat+小地方:达到某地get的过去式为 gotHe arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京;如是 arrive和 ge 后跟 home、
8、there 、 here 三个地点副词 ,后面的介词inatto必需去掉;Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrivedhome yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家;13.P5,2b,2行 decide to do sth:打算做某事He decided to go home.他打算回家;14.P5,2b,3行try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮忙这个老年人
9、;15.P5,2b,4行 feel like给, 的感觉;感受到16.P5,2b,1段末行 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走enjoy doing sth:宠爱做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他宠爱打篮球;17.P5,2b,2段 1 行 difference名词,差异,差别- different形容词,不同的 18.P5,2b,2段 2 行 start doing sth:开头做某事( = start to do sth)He started doing his homework.他开头做家庭作业;19.P5,2b,2段 3 行ove
10、r an hour一个多小时( over 超过,余外 = more than)20.P5,2b,2段 4 行 too many太多,后接可数名词复数;Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋;too much太多,后跟不行数名词,修饰动词作状语;We have too much work to do. 我们有很多工作要做; Dont talk too much. 不要说太多;much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 The hat is much too big for me. 这帽子对我来说太大;Youre walking much to
11、o fast . 你走地太快了;辨论三者的口诀:too much, much too,用法区分看后头:much 后接不行数 ,too后修饰形或副;too many要记住,后面名词必复数;21.P5,2b,2段 6 行 because of由于, 后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing ),不能接句子;because 由于,后跟句子;He cantgo to schoolbecause ofthe rain.他由于下雨没去上学; ( rain为名词)He was late for schoolbecause ofgetting up late.他由于起晚而上学迟到; ( get 为动词)= He
12、 was late for schoolbecause he got up late.I don t buy the shirtbecause it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣由于它太贵;22.P5,2b,2段 8 行 enough 足够的 与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enoughmoney . 他有足够的钱; money 为名词 enough 足够的 与形容词或副词连用,enough 放在后面;He isold enough to go to school. old为形容词 23. ( P6,2d, 倒数 4 行) doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事(
13、已经做完)forgetto do sth.遗忘去做某事(仍未做)forget的过去式为 forgot Dontfoget to close the door.不要遗忘关上门; (门仍未关)He forgot closing the door.他遗忘已经关上门了; (门已经关上,但是他忘了)24. ( P6,2e,5行) another+ 数字 +可数名词单数或复数 :额外多少某物He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果,仍想再要两个;25. ( P8,self check,2,6行) so+形容词 +that+ 句子 :如此,
14、以至于,too+ 形容词 +to do sth: 太, 以至于 不能 ,形容词 +enough to do sth: 足够, 能够做某事(留意三个句型有时可以互换)He is so young that he can t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学;= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻以至于不能去上学;= He isnt old enough to go to school.26. ( P8,self check,2,7行) tell sb not to do sth: 告知某人(不要)做某事My mother often te
15、lls us not to play in the street.我的妈妈常常告知我不要在街上玩;Unit 2 How often do you exercise.本单元的话题: 谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时;本单元的语法: 1. 复习一般现在时;2. 学习表示频率副词的用法;主要频率副词的等级排序:always 总是 usually 通常 often常常 sometimes有时 hardly ever很少 never从不 这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、 be 动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前;即:“行”前“助 系 ”后 ; Peter is always late for scho
16、ol. Peter上学总是迟到;I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业;提问 always, sometimes, twice a day等频率副词,用 How oftenI watch TV every day.我每天都看电视How often do you watch TV.你多长时间看一次电视?本单元的短语和学问点:1.P9,图片、 1a on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮忙做家务how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不2.P10,2
17、a至 2d2a:once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天2c:use the Internet用互联网2d: be free有空 Are you free on weekends.你周末有空吗?swing dance摇摆舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和钢琴课 play tennis打网球How about ,., 怎么样? /, 好不好?(后跟名词代词 V ing) 用来提出看法或征求对方建议I likeapple s,how about you .我宠爱苹果,你呢?(apple, 名词,苹果) how abo
18、ut =what aboutHow aboutgoing shopping this afternoon?今日下午去购物怎么样?(go 为动词)3.P11, 语法表格 go shopping 购物4.P11,3a stay up late熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉 play sports 进行体育活动5.P11 , 3bafter school 放学后6.P12 , 1b want sth :需要某物 He wants a new pen. 他想要一支新钢笔;want to do sth : 想做某事 He wants to watch TV aft
19、er school.放学后他想去看电视;want sb to do sth : 让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起;7.P12 , 1b be good for 对, 有好处 be bad for对, 有害处Swimming is good for our health.游泳对我们的健康有好处;Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看电视对我们的眼睛有害处;8. P13, 2a play computer games打电子嬉戏go camping去野营9.P13 , 2b, 1 行 ask sb about st
20、h:问某人某事My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母常常问我的学习情形;10. P13,2b,1 段 1 行 in one s spare time在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.他在业余时间学习英语;11.P13 ,2b ”数字 +percentof+ 名词 ”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情形;如名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;如名词为单数或不行数名词,后面的动词用单数形式;In our class ,twenty ofstudentsareboys.在我们班,百分之二十的同学 为男
21、生;Thirty ofwaterisdirty.百分之三十的 水是脏的;12.P13 , 2b, 2 段 3 行 not ,at all: 一点儿也不( not 构成否定句)Idont like the movie at all.我一点也不宠爱这部电影;13.P13 , 2b, 3 段go online上网14.P13 , 2b, 3 段 the answer to+名词 :, 的答案the answer to the question这个问题的答案15.P13 , 2b, 4 段 the most popular最受欢迎的although 虽然 不能与 but 连用,但可以与 yet ,st
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