2022年人教版高中英语必修语法知识点总结2.docx

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1、高中必修一到必修五主要语法点必修一：直接引语和间接引语宾语从句 ；现在进行时表将来；定语从句必修二：定语从句 非限定定从、定从中的介词前提；被动语态 一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态必修三：情态动词；名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句必修四：主谓一样；非谓语动词V-ing ；构词法必修 2 第一单元 ,非限制性定语从句的其次单元 一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元现在进行时的主被动第五单元 介词 +which/whom的用法必修 3 一二单元 情态动词的用法三单元 宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句五单元 同位语从句必修 4 第一单元 主谓一样 其次

2、单v-ing 作主语和宾语的用法第三单元 v-ing 作表语 ,定语和宾语补足语第四单元v-ing 作状语 第五单元 构词法必修 5 第一单元 过去分词作定语和表语其次单元 过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元 过去分词作状语第四单元倒装句第五单元 省略句必修一各单元学问点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1. go through 经受,经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话2. set down 登记,放下3. a series of 一系列4on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻7. face to fa

3、ce 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参与（某个活动）；take part in 参与（活动）join 加入（组织,团队,并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of对 感到厌倦13. be concerned about关怀14. get on/along well with 与相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 善于于16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事是 1317. no longer / not any longer

4、 不再18. too much 太多（后接不行数 n.）much too 太后接 adj.19. notuntil 直到 才20. its no pleasure doing sth 做 并不高兴21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法直接引语和间接引语概 念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话；一般前后要加引号；间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话；间接引语在多数情形下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号；例： Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规章（一）陈述句的变

5、化规章直接引语假如是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that（可省略）引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化；人称的变化人称的变化主要是要懂得句子的意思例： 1. He said,“I like it very much. ” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me,“ Ivleft my book in your room. ” He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化直接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去完

6、成时间接引语一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去完成时例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary”, said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said,“Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife.留意：假如直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如：He said, “Light travel

7、s much faster than sound”. He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语this间接引语thatthesenowthosethenagotoday yesterdaybefore/earlierthat daythe day beforetomorrowthe day after tomorrow comeherethe next/following dayIn two days time gotherethe day before yesterdaytwo day

8、s before/earlier二 祈使句的变化规章假如直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式,并依据句子意思在不定式前加上 tell/ask/order 等动词,假如祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面仍要加上 not；例： The hostess said to us“,Please sit down”. The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys”. He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变化规章

9、假如直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号；一般疑问句：假如直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或 said 时,要改为 ask或 asked原,问句变为由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句；例 :“Do you think a diary can become your friend.”the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2 特殊疑问句：假如间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原先的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句；

10、例：“ What do you want.”he asked me. He asked me what I wantedUnit twoEnglish around the world一、重点短语1. be different from 与不同be the same as与 一样2. one another 相互,彼此（ =each other）3. official language 官方语言4. at the end of 在终止时5. because of 由于（后接名词或名词性短语） because由于（后接句子）6. native speakers说母语的人7. be based o

11、n依据,依据8. at present 目前；当今9. especially 特殊,特殊specially 特地地10. make use of 利用make the best of 充分利用 11. a large number of 大量的,许多（作主语,谓语动词用复数） the number of 的数量（作主语,谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上13. believe it or not 信不信由你14. there is no such thing as没有这样的事 15. be expected to 被期

12、望做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including 包括（后接包括的对象）19. command sb. to do sth.命令某人去做某事command + that 从句（从句用 should+V 原）20. request sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事request + that 从句从句用 should+V 原二、语法 -英语中的命令（ command）语气和恳求 request语气命令语气 ：表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于

13、上级对下级例： 1. “Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window.恳求语气 ：表示恳求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,特别礼貌例： 1. “Would you like to see my flat.”She asked.2. Would you please open the window.Unit 3 Travel journal一、重点短语1. travel泛指旅行journey指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行trip常指短时间短距离的旅行tour指周游,巡回旅行,2

14、. prefer to 更加喜爱,宁愿prefer A to B 比起 B,更喜爱 Aprefer doing to doing 比起做,宁愿做 prefer to do rather than do 与其做, 不如3. flow through 流过,流经4. ever since 自从5. persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜爱7. insist on doing 坚持做某事insist + that 从句（用 should+ V 原）8. care about 关怀9. change ones mind 转变想法10. altitud

15、e 高度attitude 态度,看法11. make up ones mind to do 下定决心做某事= decide to do = make a decision to do12. give in 让步,屈服give up 舍弃13. be surprised to 对感到诧异to ones surprise 令某人诧异的是 14. at last = finally = in the end 最终15. stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像平常一样17. so that 如此 以至于 So + adj + a/an + n.

16、 + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that18. be familiar with 对熟识（人作主语）be familiar to 为所熟识（物作主语）二、语法 :现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来, 表示最近按方案或支配要进行的动作, 常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有： come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.例： 1. Im coming. 我就来2. what are you doing next Sunday .你下个星期天做什么？3. I hear that you are travelli

17、ng along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行4. Where are you staying at night.你们晚上待在哪里 /Unit fourEarthquakes一、重点短语1. right away 立刻,立刻（ = at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（ fall asleep 入睡）sleep 睡；睡眠sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看来似乎 ；似乎4. in ruins 成为废墟5. the number of 的数量（谓语动词用单数） a number of 大量（谓语动词用

18、复数）6. rescue workers 营救人员Come to ones rescue 营救某人7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多长时间how often 多久,指平率how soon 仍要多久（用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of成千上万的10. dig out 挖出11. shake-泛指“动摇,震惊 ”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”例： 1. She felt the earth shaking under him.2. She was shaken with anger. quake指较剧烈

19、的震惊,如地震例: The building quaked on its foundationTremble指人由于冰冷、惧怕、担心等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例： Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.Shiver多指冰冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例： A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12. rise rose risen- vi, 上升；升起, 无被动语态； give rise to 引起Raise（ raisedraise

20、d） - vt, 举起；筹集；哺育Arise arosearisen-vt, 显现（常指问题或现象）13. injure常指因意外事故造成的损耗,也可以指感情上名誉上的损害例： He was injured in a car accident.harm泛指“损害,损害”,既可以指有生命的,也可以指无生命的例： 1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child.2. His business was harmed for some reason. hurt既可以指肉体上的损害,也可以指精神上的损害例： 1. She hurt her leg

21、when she fell.2. He felt hurt at your word.wound一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例： The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for= make preparations for 为做预备15. in ones honor 向表示敬意；为纪念Be/ feel honored to do 做感到很荣幸16. make /give/ deliver a speech发言opening speech 开幕词17. give/ provide shelter to 向供应庇护所seek shel

22、ter from 逃避18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭受,发生happen to do sth.偶然；碰巧happen指偶然发生take place指事先方案好的事情发生二、语法定语从句概念：在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；成分：先行词,即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that,which,who宾格为 whom,全部格为 whose；或者关系副词 where,when,why 等；关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,起着连接主从句的作用；1. 关系代词 that 的用法关系代词 that 在定语从句中既能指人,也能指物；既能做主语,也能做宾

23、语例： 1）A plane is a machine that can fly. 指 物,作主语 2） The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 指 物,作宾语 3） Who is the man that is reading a book over there.指 人,作主语 4）The girl that we saw yesterday was Jims sister,指人,作宾语 2. 关系代词 which 的用法关系代词 which 在定语从句中只能指物,但既可以做宾语也能作主语例： 1） They planted some trees w

24、hich didnt need much water. 作 主语2） The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. 作宾语 3. 关系代词 who ,whom 的用法关系代词 who,whom 只能指人,在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例： 1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.作 主语2） The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. 作宾语 、4. 关系代词 whose 在的用法关系代词 whose 为关系代词 wh

25、o 的全部格形式,其先行词既可以是人也可以是物,whose 和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语；例： 1） This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.指 人,作主语 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. 指 物,作主语 3） He has written a book whose nameI ve forgotten. 指物,作宾语 5. 关系副词 when 的用法关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语例： 1）Ill never forg

26、et the time when =during which we worked on the farm.2 Do you remember the afternoon when =on which we first met three years ago.6. 关系副词 where 在定语从句中的用法关系副词 where 在定语从句中做地点状语例： 1）This is the place where =at/ in which we first met.2 The hotel where = in which we stayed wasnt very clean.7. 关系副词 why 在定

27、语从句中的用法关系副词 why 在定语从句中作缘由状语例: 1. I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why= for which I left. 2. The reason why =for which he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero一、重点词汇1. selfish 自私的selfless 无私的2. devote oneself to 致力于；献身于3. fight against 对抗,反对fight fo

28、r为 而战4. principle 原就principal 校长；主要的5. offer guidance to给供应指导6. out of work 失业7. join 加入（组织,俱乐部,成为其中一员）join in 参与（活动）take part in 参与（活动）8. as + adj +as one can尽可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事实上（ =in fact）10. blow up 爆炸,炸掉11. set up 建立;set about 着手,开头做（ set about doing sth）. set o

29、ff 动身,动身 ;set out 开头,动身（ set out to do sth）.12. be sentenced to被判13. be equal to 与相等；胜任14. be proud of 为感到骄傲15. give out 分发 （give off 散发出（气味）16. die for 为而死die of 死于（自身缘由,如疾病）die from 死于（外在缘由,如车祸）17. realize ones dream of 实现.的理想18. only 位于句首时,要主谓倒装例： Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.Only in this way, can we protect the environment better.二语法定语从句详见第四单元