2022年人教版初一英语下册各单元知识点总结.docx

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1、名师总结优秀学问点人教版初一英语下册各单元学问点总结Unit 1 Can you play the guitar.一、 单词与词组Join: 表示“参与,加入”,此处指参与社团或组织,成为其中的成员；Join the army 参军 join the NBA加入美国篮球协会Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club参与体育 /音乐/英语/象棋俱乐部play乐器类 +theplay the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano非乐器类 + theplay soccer/ basketball/volleybal

2、l/football/tennis/badminton（英式足球 / 篮球 / 排球 /英式足球,美式橄榄球 /网球/羽毛球）Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 善于做某事Be good with与相处得好Be good to 对友好=be friendly toBe good for对有好处Like to do sth. 特指某一次的动作； like doing sth.强调常常性的爱好；两者都表示喜爱做某事,在仅仅表达“喜爱”时两者可以通用；Tell: Tell stories讲故事tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /not to do sth. 告知

3、某人某事 /不要做某事Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth.帮忙某人做某事Help yourself/sb. to sth.把某物 特别是指食物 ,饮料等拿给自己 /某人cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事Call at 用于打某人的电话 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742Home:1. 表示动态概念； 意思是“回家” ,“到家” ；前面不加介词； 这里的 home 是副词,表示目的地；e.g. 1When do you go home every day. 你每

4、天什么时候回家？ 2He drives home after work. 他下班的开车回家； 3She often does some shopping on his way home. 她常常在回家途中买些东西；2. at home 表示静态概念；意思是“在家”；这里的 home 是名词,表示详细地点；e.g. 1 Is she at home. 她在家吗？ 2He left his book at home. 他把书放在家里了；Go home 回家get home 到家at home 在家Also 也,而且；较正式,用于确定句,紧跟动词；e.g. I can speak English a

5、nd I can also speak Chinese我.也Too 多用于口语,放在句末；E.g. Me too.能说英文也能说中文；Either 多用于否定句,放在句末； E.g. He hasnt finished, either. 他也没有完成；Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb.展现给某人看Show time 作秀时间,表演开头talkshow脱口秀（美国脱口秀节目）Unit 2 What time do you go to school.时间连词： when=while 当时then 然后after that 在那之后at+时间点 /sb. do sth.

6、at about +时间点for breakfast/lunch/dinner睡觉 go to bed=go to sleep 睡觉 take a tap午休,小睡一会儿反： get up 起床Time 表时间,不行数；表次数,可数；Some times 几次 sometimes 有时 some time 一段时间 sometime 某个时候系动词 It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels尝起来 /闻起来/看起来/听起来/摸起来（含被动意味,但不能用被动语态）tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 尝起来/闻起来/看起来/听起来

7、/摸起来像 eitheror 二选一neither nor 两者都不连接两个主语时, 其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一样,即 就近原就；e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里；Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今日父母都不在家；Here 引导的倒装句表位置的副词放在句首时,如主语是代词,不倒装 ； 表位置的副词放在句首时, 如主语是名词,要用全部倒装；e.g. Here it is.Here he comes. 代词不倒装 Here is your tick

8、et.Here comes the bus.（名词倒装） 关于时间的问法(1) 以 when 提问, “什么时候 ”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday.你的生日是什么时候？My birthday is Dec. 29th.我的生日是 12 月 29 日；这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home.你几点回家？I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午 4：30 回家.这里 when 问的是详细的时间；(2) 详细几点我们通常用 what time 提问What time is it now. 现在几点了？ orWhats

9、 the time.几点了？It s 9:26现. 在九点二十六；What time is it by your watch.你手表几点了？It s 8:36. Oh, It s 50 min8u:3te6s,la哦te,它慢了 50 分钟；What time do you get up.你几点起床？I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上 6 点起床；Unit 3 How do you get to school.many students是单指同学数量多,侧重数量many of the students是指同学中很多一部分,强调部分too 太1. too much 意为“太多”,

10、+不行数名词 /+动词；e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday .昨天我有太多的家务活要干；She talks too much .她说话太多；much too 意思是“过分,太”,隐含了过分而不恰当之意,much too+ 形容词或副词,不 +动词；e.g.The question is much too difficult .这道题太难了；You re walking much too fast .你走得太快了；2. too to太而不能.e.g. You are never too young to study.同： sothat 太以至

11、于e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat.=The river runs so quickly that people cant row a boat to across the river.Unit 4 Don t eat in class.一、词组school rules 学校规章制度break the rules 违反规章制度 make the rules 制定规章 . in the hallways 在过道 in the music room 在音乐教室里in

12、the dining hall 在餐厅be in bed 在床上be late for迟到listen to music 听音乐wash my clothes 洗衣服make dinner 做饭have to do 不得不做too many+名词复数 ;too much +不行数名词“太多” by ten o clock 十点之前on school nights 上学的晚上on weekends 在周末go to the childrens palace 去少年宫after school 放学后sports shoes运动鞋gym class 体育课二、句型(1) Don t arrive l

13、ate for class.(2) We can t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside. 3-What else do you have to do.- We have to clean the classroom. 4-Can we wear hats in school.- Yes, we can/ No, we can t.5-Do you have to wear a uniform at school.- Yes, we do /No, we don t.(6) What are the

14、rules at your school.(7) 重难点精析： 祈使句通常用来表示命令、恳求、禁止、建议、警告等语气；它的主语you听话人通常省略；其构成通常有以下几种形式；） Be 型（即系动词原型 be+表语其他）；如： Be quiet,please.否定句 Dont + be+表语+其他；如：Don t be angry.） Do 型（即系动词原形宾语其他）；如：Open you books, please.否定句 Dont +实义动词原形 +宾语+其他；如： Don t eat in the classroom.） Let 型（即 Let+宾语 +动词原形 +其他）如：Let me

15、help you.Let s go at six o clock. 否定句一般在宾语后加 not；如： Let not watch TV.） No+V-ing 型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为“禁止做某事“） 如：No smoking.严禁吸烟！ No talking.不许交谈！No passing.禁止通行！ No parking.不许停车！Must 与 have to 1.must表主观看法,主观上的必要have to 表客观需要e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of

16、the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来；客观上需要做这件事 He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必需努力工作；（主观上要做这件事）2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而 must 只有一种形式；3. 在否定结构中：dont have to表示不必； mustnt表示禁止；e.g. You dont have to neednt 没必要 tell him about it.你不肯定要把此事告知他；You mustnt （can t 不能） tell him about it.你肯定不要把这件事告知他；On time准时,按时；

17、In time准时,迟早e.g. We were just in time for to catch the bus.我们准时赶上了公车；The train pulled in on time.车准时到站；Unit 5 Why do you like pandas.一、词组want to do sth .想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事want sth 想要某物Let sb do sth 让某人做某事Kindkind of 有几分 种类a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样的 =various of like to do sth/like do

18、ing sth喜爱做某事play with 与.一起玩during the day 在白天at night 在夜间二、句型与日常交际用语1、-why do you like pandas./ -Why dose he like koalas.-Because they kirned of interesting.2、 Why do you want to see the lions. Because theyre 3、-Where are lions from.-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What other animals do you like.-I l

19、ike elephants.5. This is a symbol of good luck.的象征6. Have a good memory like an elephant.形容记忆力好7 .- How old are you.=Whats your age.I m ten years old./Im ten.8.-Do you like giraffes. -Yes, I do. / No, I dontmake of 与 make from “由组成”make of 看得出原材料,物理变化； make from 看不出原材料,化学变化；e.g. We must save trees a

20、nd not by things made of ivory象 牙. The paper is made of wood.The other, others, another, other的区分1. other 可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的（人或物）”；如： Do you have any other questions.你仍有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里；2. the other 指两个人或物中的一个时, 只能用 the other,不能用

21、 another,此时的 other作代词；如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worke他r. 有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人；the other 后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other 作形容词；如：On the other side of the stree,t there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树； Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多；He lives on the other side o

22、f the river. 他住在河的对岸；3. others 是 other 的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”；在句中可作主语、宾语；如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜爱唱歌和跳舞, 其余的从事体育活动； Give me some others, please.请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others.没有别的了；4. the others意思是“其他东西, 其余的人” ；特指某一范畴内的 “其他的（人或物）”；是 the other 的复数形式；如： Two

23、boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里；the others=the other 复数名词,这在第 2 条中已经有所介绍；5. another=an other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词；如：I dont like this one. Please show me another.我不喜爱这一个, 请给我看看另一个； I have three daughters. One is a

24、nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worke我r.有三个女儿；一个是护士,另一个是老师,仍有一个是工人；Let dso sth , let s=le让t u我s 们做 人称代词用宾格Lets 之后跟动词原形；Let s see the pan我da们. 看熊猫吧；Let s go我. 们走吧！Unit 6 I m watching TV.一、词组do ones homework 做家庭作业watch TV 看电视eat dinner 吃饭；就餐clean the room 打扫房间talk on the phone 电话谈天thanks

25、for+n/doing 为某事感谢某人go shopping/swimming 去购物/游泳at the pool 在游泳池at school 在学校in the tree 在树上read newspaper/a book 看报纸看书write a letter 写信go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看电影take photos 拍照wait for等待；等候TV show 电视节目talk about 谈论e.g. What are you talking about.some of 中的一些a photo of my fami

26、ly 我的家庭照be with 和一起with sb 和某人在一起in the first/last photo 在第一张 /最终一张照片二、句型与日常交际用语1.-What+be+主语+doing. 正在做什么？-主语 be doing 正在做某事2.-Here are/is例：Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family.3.-Do you want to go to the movies. -Sure.4.-When do you want to go. -Let s go at seven. 5.-Where do

27、people play basketball. -At school.6.-What s he waiting for.-He swaiting for a bus.7.-What s he reading-.He s reading a newspaper.8. Can +do动词原形 可以e.g.You can see my family at home.三、语法现在进行时1) 现在在进行时的形式：助动词 beam,is,are+动词-ing 形式（也叫现在分词）,表示现在（说话的瞬时）正在进行或发生的动作；2) 现在进行时的确定句形式：主语 +beam,is,are+动词现在分词 +其他

28、例： I m watching TV.3) 现在进行时的否定句形式：主语 +beam,is,are+not+动词现在分词 +其他例： They are not playing soccer.4) 现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答： Isam,are+主语+动词现在分词 +其他. Yes,主语+is/am/are.No,主语 +isn t/aren t/am not.例： Are you reading. Yes,I am. No,I am not.5) 现在进行时的特别疑问句形式：特别疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词 +其他.例： What is your brother doing

29、.Unit 7 It s raning.一、词组play computer games 打电子嬉戏lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球in this heat 在酷暑中in picture 在图片里on vacation 度假on the beach 在海边around the world 世界各地 =all over the worldbe surprised at sth./sb对. 某人或某人感到惊奇be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxedhave a good time 玩得很爽快in different ki

30、nd of weather在不同的天气里thank sb fordoingsth 由于某事而感谢某人some others 一些 另一些a group of people 一群人look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事 /做了某事（事情的全过程）everyone 后只接人不跟 of, 相当于 everybody; every one 后跟人或物,可跟 of；e.g. Everyone is here. 每个人都在这；Every one of the students likes the teacher.每位同学都很喜爱这个老师；二、句型日常交际用语1-How s the

31、 weather地+点 .-It s rain/yIt. s cold and snowing.2-What shte weather like.-The weather there is very hot.3-How s it goingwith sb.某人最近怎样； /How was your trip.-Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good.4Thanks you for joining CCTV sthAerWouonrdld show. 5-Is Aunt Wang there.-Yes, she is/No, sheisn t(6) There

32、 are many people here on vacation.(7) See you later./See you soon.之后见 /很快见(8) My phone isnt working. 我的电话坏了；Unit 8 Is there a post office near there.一、词组post office 邮局pay phone 投币式公用电话next to 在.隔壁across from 在.对面 in front of在.前面 between and 在.和.之间on a street在街上in the neighborhood 在邻近on the right/lef

33、t在右边在左边behind 在 后面 on Green street 在格林街上near 在 邻近go straight 始终走go downalong沿着.走welcome to 欢迎enjoy+名词/doing 喜爱做某事have fun 过得开心on one s righftt/le 在某人的右边左边turn right/left向右左转take a walk 漫步the way to 去.的路let sb do sth 让某人做某事take a taxi 打的乘出租车go through.穿过.have a good trip旅途开心 =have a good time. 玩的高兴,过

34、得开心arrive at（小地方） /in（大地方）到达at the beginning of 在.开头的时候at the end of 在.终止的时候hope to do sth/that/for sth 期望做某事 （不行以用 hope sb. to do sth）. help sb.to do sth./sb. sth. 帮忙某人某事in front of与 in the front of 的区分in front of 就是指在某物的前方； in the front of 是指在某物的内部靠前的地方；e.g. sit in the front of the classroom. 指坐在教

35、室前排的；sit in front of the classroom 指坐在教室前面 教室外面的前面 ；It cost sb. st. to do sth./some moeysb. spend time on sth. /in doing sth./sb. spend some money.花费时间 /金钱做某事二、句型；1、Is there a .句型 Eg:-Excuse me. Is there a hotel in /near the neighborhood.-Yes, there is. No. there isnt2、Where is .句型 Eg:-Where is the

36、park, please.-It s behind the ban肯k.定 回答 -I m sorry I don t k否no定w回. 答 3、Which is the way to +地点. 句型.如： Which is the way to the library.4、How can I get to+地点.句型.如： How can I get to the restaurant.5、Can you tell me the way to +地点？ /Could you please tell me.句型.如： Can you tell me the way to the post of

37、fice.6、Let me tell you the way to my house. 7、Just go straight and turn left.三、日常交际用语1、Is there a bank near here.Yes, there is .It s on Centre /SNtore, etht.ere isn t. 2、Where s the supermarket.It s next to the library.3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. 4、I hope you have a good trip.5If yo

38、u are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.6、Talk a walk though the park.7、I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要来；8、Time goes by./time goes quickly. 时间消逝 /时间消逝得飞速Unit 9 What dose he look like.一、词组curly /short/straight/long hair 卷短直发 of medium height/build 中等高度身体a little bit+ 形容词一点儿a pop

39、 singer一位流行歌手be popular with sb在流行not any more不再good-looking好看wear glasses 戴眼镜have a new look出现新面貌the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长Nobody knows me没有人熟悉我二、句型1）-What does he look like.-He s reallyshort. He has short hair./ He is of medium build. 2）Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five？3

40、）-She has beautiful, long black hair.-I don t think he s so great .6) stop doingsth表示停止正在干的事 如: He stop listening-She never stops talking. stop to do sth表示停下来去做某事 如: He stops to listen.7) I can go shopping and nobody knows me.8) -Is he tall or short. Hes of medium height.9) He has long straight brow

41、n hair.描述次序：外形大小（ long/short）-年龄-颜色-国籍Unit 10 I d like some noodles.一、词组would like+ n/to do 想要a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗what size 什么尺寸orange juice 桔汁green tea 绿茶what kind of 表示 .的种类a kind of 一种 some kind of 很多种a bowl of rice 一碗米饭a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁 不行数 three oranges 三个桔子 可数some

42、 chicken 一些鸡肉 不行数three chickens 三只小鸡 可数gongbao chicken宫爆鸡丁mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐cut up 切碎cut down 砍下cut off切断cut out 切掉二、句型） What kind of would you like. 你想要 .） -What size bowl of noodles would you like.-I like a small bowl of noodles.） We have large ,medium, and small bowls.） I like dumplings, I don t like

43、 noodles.三、日常交际用语） -Can I help you./ What can I do for you./May I take your order.-I d like some noodles. please.） -What kind of noodles would you like.-I d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.） -Would you like a cup of green tea.-Yes, please. /No, thankswould like 后面仍可以跟不定式 .即:A: would like to d

44、o sth. 想要做某事He would like to see you today. B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事What would you like me to do.IfIf 引导的条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时；e.g. If he or she blows从句 out all the candles in one go, the wish will（ 主句）come true. If it doesnt （从句） rain, we will （主句） play basketball.Itit 作形式主语；结构： it+beis

45、/was+（for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事怎么样e.g. Its getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday.= It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday.Unit 11 How was you weekend.一、词组do some reading阅读study for the math test预备（数学）考试have a party/ do some sports 做运动practice+n/doing练习 what aout/ How about+n/doing做什么怎么样stay at home呆家里go to summer camp去夏令营go shopping去购物go to the beach/pool去沙滩/游泳go to the mountains去爬山last month上个月three days ago 三天前yesterday昨天the day be