2022年介词用法归纳.docx
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1、介词的用法与练习I. 介词的种类1. 简洁介词, 常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against等；2. 复合介词,如on to , along with, because of, in front of, instead of等；3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1) 和动词的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等；(
2、2) 和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, a visit to 等.* 介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing 形式；II. 某些介词的意义与用法区分1. at, on, in表时间 : at 表示时间的一点；in 表示一个时期； on 表示特殊日子A. at 后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开头等；如：at five o cloc,kat down, at noon, at midnight, at that time/mo
3、ment, at this time of dayB. in 后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等；如：in 2006,in May , 2004 , in the morning, in the afternoon , in the evening ,in the 21st century , in three days , in a week ,in spring ；* C. on 后跟某日,星期几,某日的天天,节日等 ,即详细某一天极其早 中、晚.on Sunday, on a warm morning in April, on a December night, ,
4、on Christmas afternoon ,on October 1, 1949 ,on New Year s Day.* 特殊提示 : 在 last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词2. between, among表 位置 “在 .之间”A. between 仅用于二者之间,如I msitting between Tom and Alice.B. among 用于三者或三者以上之间；如：He is the best among the students.3. beside, besides, exceptbeside 意为 在旁边 ,He
5、 sat beside me.besides意为 除 之外 , 包括在内；What do you want besides this.except 意为 除之外 ,不包括在内They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the treein the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上, on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. on the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 , on one s way to .by the way 指顺
6、便问一句in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways6. across, through,和 past“通过 , 经过”across从表面经过 , 如,road, bridge, riverthrough 从内部空间经过 , 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 从旁边经过 .EX: Fill in the blanks withpast,acrossor through.1. We have to walkthe gate to go into the factor
7、y.2. When we wentthe cinema,we saw a traffic accident.3. Look outthe window, please.4. Dont walkthe ice. Its dangerous.5. Suddenly, a young man ranme.6. If you walkthe square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.7. The river goesthe city.8. The old man can swimthe stream.9. I walkedhim without saying h
8、ello.10. The army movedthe forests quietly.7. for , since,A. since仅说明什么时候开头, , 后常跟一个详细的过去的时间.B. for表示某动作或情形连续多久, 后常跟一段时间；He has studied the piano for 5 years. They have lived here since 1978.EX: Fill in the blanks with for or since.1. The little boy has been waitingtwo hours outside.2. He has taught
9、 herehe graduated from the college.3. The man has worked in the companytwenty years ago.4. Have you lived in Chinamany years.5. Her grandma has been illa few months.8. in, after“以后”A. . “in + 段时间 ”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中 ., 常回答 how soon 的提问 .B. “ after+段时间 ”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于 一段时间 + laterMy mother will c
10、ome back in three or four days.He arrived after fifty minutes.= He arrived fiftyminutes later.EX: Fill in the blanks with in or after.1. They will leave for Guangzhoutwo hours.2. My father said that he would come backa week.3. three hous , they arrived at a small village.4. Will you be able to finis
11、h the taskhalf an hour.5. Mr. Wang finally mastered how to work the machineten days.9. by, with, in , on 表示方式 , 手段,工具,A. by以 方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟 V-ing 形式.B. with表示用 工具 ,C. in表示用 方式,用 语言 语调、颜色 等D. on表示通过媒介 , on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg:He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.We Chin
12、ese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English.Ex: Fill in the blanks witbhy,with or in,on1. I sent the message to himemail.2. The pupils writepencils.3. Do you know the meaning of wordChinese .4. The man climbed up to the treea ladder.5. They solved the problemcommunicating.6. The
13、woman was cryinga low voice.7. The old man often gets newsthe radio.8. We often cut thingsa knife.9. He improved his writing skillkeeping diaries.10. My grandpa can sing some songsRussian.10 . 放在地点之前的介词 :at, in, onA. at 1 表示在小地方 ; 2 表示 “在 邻近,旁边 ” eg: at the door, at the table,B. in 1 表示 在大地方 ; 2 表示
14、“在范畴之内 ”；C. on表示毗邻,接壤D. to表示在 范畴外,不强调是否接壤III. 介词的其他一些用法 .1. against, 靠着 , 反对,违反, 对抗 .He was against the laws.2. as, 作为.English is used as a mother language.3. at, 在旁边 ,The boy is sitting at the door.4. but, 除了 .He has nothing but money.5. for., 为 ., 由于 ., 至于 .He failed the exam for his carelessness.
15、6. like, 象, 犹如.He looks like my best friend.7. till, until,直到 , 在以前 .We didn t go home till five yesterday.8. with ,有,带着 ；I d like some coffee with sugar.9. by, 在 .邻近They live by a river.10. 短语介词 : thanks to, because of, in spite of, instead of, pass on to, with the help of 一.挑选正确答案 表示时间关系的介词 .1. Th
16、e plane arrived at London airportWednesday.A. onB. atC. inD. for2. What do you usually doChristmas.A. onB. atC. inD. for3. Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australialast summer.A. /B. onC. inD. since4. The first class begins 8 oclock the morning.A. at/onB. at/inC. on /inD. on/on5. the past two months
17、 he has been busy with his school work.A. ForB. OnC. SinceD. At6. last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two.A. ForB. /C. ByD. During7. We will be in NanjingTuesdayThursday.A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/toD. on./till8. Mr Black will visit our new school buildingtwo days.A. beforeB
18、. afterC. atD. in9. the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the armythe end.A. At/atB. By/inC. In /atD. At /in10. We will have a football matchthis Saturday afternoon.A. onB. /C. inD. for11. He came to see youthe evening of May 10 th .A. inB. atC. onD. for12. Im afraid I gave you a lot of trouble my
19、stay here.A. inB. forC. duringD. on13. The singing group will have two performancesOctober.A. afterB. sinceC. /D. for14. The supermarket is openmidnight.A. atB. onC. tillD. /15. She didnt go to work that morning. She slept noon.A. / tillB. ontillC. atatD. / at16. He was illa week, andthe week he ate
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