2022年八级上册英语外研版各模块知识点归纳总结4 .docx
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1、学问点大全英语初二上册重点学问点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1. pair n. 相关的 两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socksa pair of glovestwo pairs of trousers一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game. 两个青少年正在看足球赛;2. correct( 1) v. 改正,订正e.g.The teacher returned to her room tocorrect exercise books. 老师回到房间去
2、改练习本;Correct the spelling. 订正拼写;( 2) adj. 正确的;恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation正确发音Do you have the correct time ? 你的表走得准吗?3. advice( 1)n. 意思是 “看法, 建议 ”,为不行数名词, 可用 some,much ,a piece of ,pieces of 等修饰, 不能说 an advice 或 many/a few advices;( 2)表示 “有关 的建议 ”时,用介词 on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式;e.g.Let s ask for hiasdvic
3、e on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的看法下一步该怎么办;常见搭配:take/follow one s advic接e受某人的建议ask for advice征求看法accept/refuse one s adv接ice受(拒绝)某人的建议offer advice to sb.向某人供应建议拓展 : advise vt建议常见搭配: advise sb. to do sth.advise that sb. should do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now. 老师建议我现在就离开;We advise measures(
4、 should ) be taken to stop pollution at once.我们建议立刻实行措施以阻挡污染;4. We should always speak English in class. 我们应当总是在课堂上说英语;should 是情态动词,意思是“应当 ”;通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务;should/shouldn t do sth.e.g.He should work harder.他应当更加努力;You should help your mother with the housework.你们应当帮妈妈做家务;5. Let tsry to speak Engl
5、ish as much as possible. 让我们一起尽可能地说英语;( 1)e.g.They are trying to study English well. 他们正努力学好英语;I am trying doingit in this way. 我正试着用这种方法做;We should try/do our best to helpthe people in trouble.我们应当尽最大努力帮忙困境中的人们;( 2)译为 “尽量 ”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于as.as possible/one can; e.g.You should rest as much as poss
6、ible. 你应当尽量多休息;I have helped you as much as I can . Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮忙你了;现在该看你自己了;6. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西;我也建议你和伴侣们谈论电影或歌曲;time 的用法:( 1) time 侧重指 “时间 ”这一概念,或说明 “时间 ”的量, time 用作不行数名词,前面可muc
7、h, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰;e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节约了时间,使农夫能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼;( 2)当作 “次数;倍数 ”讲时, time 是可数名词;e.g.I have been to Beijingthree times . 我去过北京三次;( 3) time 构成的短语:学问点大全at a time 一次, 每一次at one time 曾经,一度(4) time 构成的句型:at times /from tim
8、e to time有时,有时all the time 总是,始终in time 准时,迟早on time 准时 Its time for sb. to do sth./Its high time sb该. 是did某s人th干. 的时间了;e.g.It s time focrhildren to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了;It s high time thawte started. 我们该动身了; each time(每次), next time (下次), the first/last time (第一次 /最终一次 的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句;e.g.The last
9、time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时,游玩了上海;14 I suggestyou write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里;suggest,做动词 ,表示 “建议,提议 ”的意思,对应的名词是suggestion;suggest 的用法:e.g.She suggested an early start.她建议早一点动身;I suggested his / him g
10、iving upthe foolish idea.我建议他舍弃那愚蠢的念头;She suggested that the class meeting should not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举办;留意:当 suggest表示 “示意,说明 ”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“should+动词原形 ”;e.g.他脸上的表情说明他很高兴;() The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.() The expression on his face
11、suggested that he was very happyModule 2 My home town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万;population n. 意思是 “人口,居民 ”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特别, 所以很简洁用错; population 常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式;e.g.The world s populatioisnincreasing faster
12、 and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快; 当主语是表示 “人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式;e.g.About seventy percent of thepopulation in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农夫; 有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词;e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion. = There is a population ofabout 1.3 billion in China.中国大约有十三亿人口;表示人口的 “多”或 “少”
13、不,用 “much”或 “little 而”要,用 “large或”“small ;”e.g.India has a large population . 印度人口众多;Singapore has a small population . 新加坡人口少; 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much.? ”,而用 “How large.? ”;在问详细人口时用“What.? ”;e.g. What is the population ofCanada? = How large is the population ofCanada? 加拿大的人口有多少? The population of
14、 Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万;2. It has a population of about seven and a halfmillion , so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.它(伦敦)大约有750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙;(1) million是数词,意思是 “百万 ”;它的用法如下: 当与详细数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of ;e.g.three millionpeople三百万人He was prepared to pay two million . 他情愿支
15、付200 万;但是,后面的名词有了 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时, 或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时, 就此时必需用介词of ;e.g.About three million of themhave left there.他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿;当不与详细数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,就不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词of ,然后才能接名词;e.g.A careless mistake cost the companymillions ofpounds. 一个马虎的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的缺失;拓展: 与 million有相同用法的数词仍有:h
16、undred(百) , thousand(千) , billion (十亿);本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规章变化及用法;(1) 规章变化:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加 -erlongtall不发音的 e 结尾时加 -rlatelarge辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 y 变 i,再加 -ereasy happylonger tallerlater larger easier happier(2) 形容词比较级用法重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-erbig hotbigger hotter 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是
17、than,其结构为 “A+比较级 +than+B”; e.g.Li Lei s room is bigger than min李e.雷的房间比我的大;This mooncake is nicer than that one. 这块月饼比那块好吃; 有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much, even, still , far, rather, any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级;e.g.I feel even worse now. 我现在觉得更难过了;It is much colder today than before.今日比以前冷得多;比
18、较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构,表示详细 “大多少 ”, “小多少 ”, “长多少 ”, “短多少 ”等;e.g.I am two years older than he. 我比他大两岁;This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20 米;表示 “两者之间最 一个 of the two时”,常用 “the+比较级 ”结构;e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子;表示 “越来越 ”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级 +and+比较级 ”,多音节词和部分双音节词时
19、用“more and more+形容词原级 ”;e.g.It s getting warmer and warmer in spring春. 每天气变得越来越温和;Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越美丽了Module 3 Sports节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规章变化和不规章变化(1)规章变化:类别构成方法原级比较级2)不规章变化:多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 more在原级前加 lesscareful beautiful important usefulmore careful more beau
20、tiful less important less useful原级比较级good/well (身体好的)better many/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarther 较远 (3)形容词和副词比较级用法faroldfurther 进一步 olderelder 较年长的 表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为 “A+比较级 +than+B”;e.g.The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮更大;This painting is nicer than that one. 这幅绘画比那幅更美丽; 有表示
21、程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much, even, still , far, rather, any 等修饰时,用比较级;e.g.I feel even better now. 我现在觉得好多了;It is much cooler today than before.今日比以前凉快得多; 比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构,表示详细 “大多少 ”, “小多少 ”, “长多少 ”, “短多少 ”等;e.g.This house is 10 meters higher than that one. 这栋楼房比那栋高10 米; 表示 “两者之
22、间最 一个 of the two时”,常用 “the+比较级 ”结构;e.g.Mary is the fatter of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中较胖的; 表示 “越来越 ”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级 +and+ 比较级 ”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”;e.g.It s getting warmer and warmer in spring春. 每天气变得越来越温和;Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的城市越来越美丽了; 表示 “越 就越 ”时,用 “the+比较级, th
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