2022年不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳.docx
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1、不规章动词过去式和过去分词、 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规章、不规章动词过去式和过去分词归纳(一)、不规章动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是中学英语教学中的重点,而有些动词的不规章变化是这些重点中的难点,但这些不规章变化也不是毫无规律可循的;现将中学英语中一些常用的不规章动词变化介绍如下;一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是 t 或 d;如: cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-
2、hurt, spread-spread-spread特别:动词 read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一样,read-read-read,但发音分别是ri:d-red-red;二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的;如:come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同;如:1. 把单词结尾的字母 d 改为 t;如:lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent2. 转变单词中间元音字母;如:sit-sa
3、t-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held3. 以 eep 结尾的动词,把 eep 改为 ept ;如: keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh 或 ough 结尾的动词;如:buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught5. 有
4、的以 ay 结尾的动词,在过去式和过去分词中把ay 变成 aid ;如: say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid6. 另有一些其它形式的变化;如:have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i,在过去式中变 i 为 a ,在过去分词中变 i 为 u;如:五、以字母 ow 或 aw 结尾的动词,在变成过去式时,通常把元音字母变成e,在变成过去分词
5、时, 通常只在词尾加n;如:blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n 或 en ,变成以 en 结尾的单词;如:rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten特别: write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-
6、ridden, get-got-gotten(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规章动词过去式和过去分词有规章变化和不规章变化两种;1) 规章变化情形例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed look callopenneed looked called openedneeded looked lukt called kC:ld opened 5EupEndneeded ni:did-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为 t,在浊辅音后发音为 d,在元音后发音也为 d -ed 在 t、 d后发音为 id但 fix 的过去式和过去分词 x 不双写,为 fixed.以-e 结尾的动词加 -
7、d move phonehopeagree moved phoned hopedagreed moved mu:vd phoned fEundhoped hEupt agreed E5ri:d以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,变y 为 i,再加 -ed studycarrytry studied studiedcarried studied 5stQdidcarried 5kArid tried traid以原音字母加 y 结尾的词,直接加 -ed playenjoystay played enjoyedstayed played pleid enjoyed in5dVCid stayed ste
8、id末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stopplanfit stopped plannedfitted stopped stCptplanned plAnd fitted 5fitid以-r 音节结尾的词,双写 r 字母,再加 -ed prefer refer preferredreferred preferred prIf:d referred ri5fE:2) 不规章变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规章,可分为五种情形;1. 动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形;例:原形过去式过去分词cut(切)hit(打) cast (扔) hurt (损害)
9、 put (放) let(让) shut (关) cost (花费) set(放)rid(清除)cuthit cast hurtput let shut cost setrid cut hit cast hurt putlet shut cost set rid2. 过去式与过去分词完全同形;例:原形过去式过去分词find (找到)pay (支付) leave (离开) lend (借出) meet (遇见) keep (保持) lose (丢失) teach (教) sit (坐) lead (引导)win (赢)除) found paidleft lent met kept lost ta
10、ught sat ledwon found paidleft lent met kept lost taught sat led won3. 动词原形与过去分词同形例:原形过去式过去分词come (来)run (跑)become (成为) came ranbecame come runbecome4. 动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同;例:原形过去式过去分词give (给)fly (飞)drink (喝) see (观察) go(去) know (知道) wear (穿)speak (说) gave flewdrank saw went knew worespoke given flow
11、ndrunkseen gone known worn spoken5. 过去式和过去分词有两种形式例:原形过去式过去分词burn (燃烧) burnedburnt burned burntlearn (学习)learned learnt learnedlearntsmell (闻) smelled smelt smelledsmeltspell(拼写)spelled spelt spelledspeltshine(照耀) shined shone shinedshoneleap (跳) leaped leapt leapedleapt提示a. beat 的过去式与原形同形:比: beat (打
12、击)beat (过去式) beaten (过去分词)b. lie 有规章变化和不规章变化两种,含义不同比:lie lied, lied (说谎)lay, lain (躺,位于)c. hang有规章变化和不规章变化两种,含义不同比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)hung, hung 挂,吊 d. welcome (欢迎) 一词是规章动词, 不行误用为不规章动词比: welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)welcome, welcome(误)e. 不要将不规章动词误用为规章动词比:hit (打) hit, hit (正)hitted, hitted (误)6
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