2022年八级上册英语外研版1-6知识点总结文档.docx
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1、名师举荐细心整理学习必备英语初二上册重点学问点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1. pair n. 相关的两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair ofsocksa pair ofglovestwo pairs oftrousers一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g. A pair ofteenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛;2. correct( 1) v.改正,订正e.g. The teacher returned to her room tocorrectexercise books.老师回到房间去
2、改练习本;Correctthe spelling.订正拼写;( 2) adj.正确的;恰当的e.g. correctpronunciation正确发音Do you have thecorrecttime ? 你的表走得准吗?3. advice( 1)n. 意思是“看法,建议”, 为不行数名词, 可用 some,much,a piece of , pieces of等修饰,不能说 an advice或 many/a few advices;( 2)表示“有关的建议”时,用介词on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式;e.g. Let s ask for hisadvice onwhat to d
3、o next.我们去征求一下他的看法下一步该怎么办;常见搭配:take/follow ones advice接受某人的建议ask for advice征求看法accept/refuse one s advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议offer advice to sb.向某人供应建议拓展:advisevt 建议常见搭配: advise sb. to do sth. advise that sb. should do sth.e.g. My teacheradvises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开;We advise measures (should ) be take
4、nto stop pollution at once.我们建议立刻实行措施以阻挡污染; 4We should always speak English in class. 我们应当总是在课堂上说英语;should 是情态动词,意思是“应当”;通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务;should/shouldnt do sth.e.g. He shouldwork harder.他应当更加努力;You should help your mother with the housework.你们应当帮妈妈做家务;5. Let s try tospeak English as much as possib
5、le.让我们一起尽可能地说英语;( 1)e.g. They are trying to studyEnglish well.他们正努力学好英语;Iam trying doingit in this way.我正试着用这种方法做;We should try/do our best to helpthe people in trouble.我们应当尽最大努力帮忙困境中的人们;( 2)译为“尽量” 、“尽最大努力 (可能)”,主要用于 as.aspossible/one can;e.g. You should restas much as possible.你应当尽量多休息;I have helpe
6、d youas much as I can. Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮忙你了;现在该看你自己了;6. Each time you willlearnsomething new. I also advise you to talkabout the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西;我也建议你和伴侣们谈论电影或歌曲;time 的用法:(1) )time 侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量,time 用作不行数名词,前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰;e.
7、g. This savestime and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节约了时间,使农夫能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼;(2) )当作“次数;倍数”讲时, time 是可数名词;e.g. I have been to Beijingthree times.我去过北京三次;(3) ) time 构成的短语:at a time一次, 每一次at one time曾经,一度at times /from time to time有时,有时all the time总是,始终in time准时,迟早on time准时(4) ) t
8、ime 构成的句型: Its time for sb. to do sth./It s high time sb. did sth.该是某人干的时间了;e.g. It s time forchildren to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了;It s high time thatwe started.我们该动身了; each time(每次), next time(下次), the first/last time(第一次 /最终一次的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句;e.g. The last timeI went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国
9、时,游玩了上海;14I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里;suggest ,做动词 ,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是 suggestion ;suggest的用法:e.g. She suggested an early start.她建议早一点动身;Isuggested his / him giving upthe foolish idea.我建议他舍弃那愚蠢的念头;She sugge
10、sted thatthe class meetingshould not be heldon Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举办;留意:当 suggest 表示“示意,说明”的意思,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实的时态,而不用“ should+ 动词原形”;e.g. 他脸上的表情说明他很高兴;() The expressionon his face suggested thathe shouldbe very happy.() The expression on his facesuggested thathe was very happy游玩了上海;Module 2 My home
11、town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万;populationn.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特别,所以很简洁用错; population常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式;e.g. The world s populationis increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快; 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词
12、用复数形式;e.g. About seventy percent of thepopulationin China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农夫; 有时 population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词;e.g. China has a population ofabout 1.3 billion.=There is a population ofabout 1.3 billion in China.中国大约有十三亿人口;表示人口的“多”或“少” , 不用“ much”或“ little”, 而要用“ large ”或“ small ”;e.g. India h
13、asa large population.印度人口众多;Singapore hasa small population.新加坡人口少; 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much. ?”,而用“ How large.?”;在问详细人口时用“ What. ?”;e.g. What is the population ofCanada?= How large is the population ofCanada? 加拿大的人口有多少? The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万;2. Ithas a populat
14、ionof about seven and a halfmillion, so itisbigger and busier than Cambridge.它(伦敦)大约有 750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙;( 1) million是数词,意思是“百万”;它的用法如下: 当与详细数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of ;e.g. threemillionpeople三百万人He was prepared to pay twomillion.他情愿支付 200 万;但是,后面的名词有了the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是 us, them这样的人称代词时,
15、就此时必需用介词of ;e.g. About three million of themhave left there.他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿;当不与详细数字连用, 而是表示不确定的泛指数时, 就不仅要用复数, 而且要后接介词 of ,然后才能接名词;e.g. A careless mistake cost the companymillions ofpounds.一个马虎的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的缺失;拓展:与 million有相同用法的数词仍有: hundred(百), thousand(千), billion(十亿);本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规章变化及用法;(1) )规章变化
16、:类别构成方法原级比较级一般直接加 -erlong talllonger taller单音节词和少数双不发音的 e 结尾时加-rlate largelater larger音节词辅音字母加 y 结尾 easy时把 y 变 i ,再加-erhappy重读闭音节结尾并big且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最终的辅 hot音字母,再加 -ereasierhappierbiggerhotter(2) )形容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than ,其结构为“ A +比较级 +than+B”;e.g. Li Leis room is bigger than mine.李雷的房
17、间比我的大;This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃; 有表示程度的副词 a little, a bit,a few , a lot,much,even,still,far , rather ,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级;e.g. I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难过了;It is much colder today than before.今日比以前冷得多;比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构, 表示详细“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等;e.g. I am two years older t
18、han he.我比他大两岁;This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高 20 米;表示“两者之间最一个 of the two”时,常用“ the+ 比较级”结构;e.g. Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子;表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“ more and more+ 形容词原级”;e.g. It s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春每天气变得越来越温和;Our h
19、ome town is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越美丽了Module 3 Sports节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规章变化和不规章变化( 1)规章变化:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双 在原级前加 morecarefulmore careful音节词beautifulmore beautiful在原级前加 lessimportantless importantusefulless useful( 2)不规章变化:原级比较级good/well (身体好的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittl
20、elessfarfarther较远further进一步oldolderelder 较年长的 (3) )形容词和副词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than ,其结构为“ A +比较级+than+B”;e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大;This painting is nicer than that one.这幅绘画比那幅更美丽; 有表示程度的副词 a little, a bit,a few , a lot,much,even,still,far , rather ,any 等修饰时,用比较级;e.g. I feel
21、 even better now.我现在觉得好多了;It is much cooler today than before.今日比以前凉快得多; 比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构, 表示详细“大多少”, “小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等;e.g. This house is 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高 10 米; 表示“两者之间最一个 of the two”时,常用“ the+ 比较级”结构;e.g. Mary is the fatter of the twins.Mary 是双胞胎中较胖的; 表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即
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