2022年初一英语语法学习知识点详细总结2.docx

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1、初一英语语法学习学问点总结一、初一英语语法 词法1、名词 A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词,而不行数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下：一）在后面加 s；如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es；如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三） 1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies,2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s；如： day-d

2、ays, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以 o 结尾加 （s 外来词）；如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加 o的加 es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变 f 为 v 再加 ess；如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有： fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有复数,没有单数的

3、有： people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）单词形式不变, 既可以是单数也可以是复数的有： police 警察局, 警察, class班,同学 , family 家,家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词；如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但假如是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数就同时为复数；如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的单复数

4、意思不同；如： fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper纸 papers报纸, 卷子,论文, work 工作 works 作品,工厂, glass 玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange 桔子水 oranges橙子, light 光线 lights 灯, people人 peoples民族, time 时间 times 时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或；s如： Is Is, Ks K；但s如是缩略词就只加 s；如： IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特别形式的有： child-children

5、, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用全部格形式；构成如下： 一）单数在后面加 ；s如： brother s, Mike s, teachers二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加,假如不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理；如：Teachers D教ay师节 , classmates; Children六一s节Da, yWomen s Da三y 八节三）由 and 并列的名词全部时, 假如是共同全部同

6、一人或物时, 只加最终一个 ,s但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理；如：Mike and Ben s roo迈m 克和本的房间（共住一间）, Mikes and Ben s roo迈m克s 和本的房间（各自的房间） 2、代词项目人称代词 物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数 Imemy minemyself复数 weusour oursourselves其次人称单数 youyouyour yoursyourself第三人称复数 you单数 sheyouheryour yoursher hersyourselvesherselfhehimhis hishimselfitit

7、its its this thatitself复数 theythem their theirs these those themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下： 一）一般在词后加 s；如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es；如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三） 1）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es；如： study-studies, hurry-hu

8、rries, try-tries2）以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s；如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以 o 结尾加 es；如： does, goes五）特别的有： are-is, have-has B） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下：一）一般在后加 ing；如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doin

9、g二）以不发音 e 的结尾的去掉 e再加 ing；如： dance-dancing, wake-waking,take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（留意除开字母组合如 show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最终的辅音字母再加ing；如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing；如： tie-tying

10、 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时, 就要使用比较或最高级形式； 构成如下：一） 一般在词后加 er 或 est假如是以 e 结尾就直接加 r 或 st；如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, tallertallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且 1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est；如： big-bigger big

11、gest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est；如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特别情形： 两好多坏,一少老远 good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill wo

12、rse worst little- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 基变序,有规章；一、二、三,自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th；y 结尾,变为 i, eth 跟上去； first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二

13、、初一英语语法 句式1. 陈述句确定陈述句 a This is a book. be动词b) He looks very young. 连系动词 c) I want a sweat like this. 实义动词 d) I can bring some things to school. 情 态动词 e) There s a computer on my desk. Ther结e 构be否定陈述句 a These arent their books. b They dont look nice.c K ate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d Kate

14、can t find her doll.e There isn t a cat here. =There s no cat here.2. 祈使句确定祈使句 a Please go and ask the man. b Lets learn English.c) Come in, please.否定祈使句 a Don t be late. b Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a Is Jim a student. b Can I help you. c Does she like salad.d) Do they watch TV. e Is she reading.确定回

15、答 : a Yes, he is. b Yes, you can. c Yes, she does. d Yes, they do. e Yes, she is.否定回答 : a No, he isnt. b No, you cant. c No, she doesnt. d No, they donNo, she isn t.2) 挑选疑问句 Is the table big or small. 回答 It s big./ It s small.3) 特别疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy. She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do yo

16、u like. I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle. He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it. L-double O-K.How do we contact you. My e-mail address is cindyjones. 问缘由 Why do you want to join the club. 问时间 Whats the time. =What time is it. Its a quarter to ten a.m. What time do yo

17、u usually get up, Rick. At five o clock.When do you want to go. Let s go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my backpack. Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they. They are light blue. What s your favourite color. It s black. 问人物 Whos that. Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue. My brother.Who isn t at school. P

18、eter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to. 问东西 Whats this/that in English. Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture. I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 问姓名 What s your aunt s name. Her name is Helen./She s Helen. What s your first name. My first name s Ben.Wha

19、t s your family name. My family name s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like. I like one in the box.13 问字母 What letter is it. It s big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants. They re 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 What s your phone number. It-834s95. 7616 问谓语动作 What s he doing. He s watching TV. 17 问职业身份 What do

20、 you do. I m a teacher.What s your father. He s a doctor.三、初一英语语法 时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、常常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有：Be 动词： She s a worker. Is she a worker. She isn t a worker.情态动词： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano. I cant play the piano.行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any to

21、matoes. They don t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina hasa nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch. Gina doesn t have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball. I m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter

22、. Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music. They arenlistening to the pop music.四、初一英语语法 介词用法 ：1) 详细时间前介词用 at；.He gets up at half past seven every day他.每天七点半起床；She goes to bed at eleven olock. 她十c一点睡觉；2) 表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上 ”的短语中用介词 in,且定冠词 the 不能省

23、略； 表示“在中午,在夜里 ”的短语中介词用 at,不加冠词；in the morning 在早上, in the afternoon 在下午, in the evening 在晚上at noon在中午, at night 在夜里3) 表示“在某天 ”、“在某天的上午、下午等 ”的短语用介词 on；What do you usually do on Monday morning. 星期一上午你通常做什么？Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening.有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看 DVD ；Parents take children to parks on June 1六. 月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园；4) 在 this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词； What are you doing this afternoon. 今日下午你做什么？He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去探望祖母；She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下个星期一去上海；