2022年新概念2知识点总结.docx

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1、新概念 2 学问点总结第一部分、时态总结一、一般过去时；一、定义；1. 表示过去的动作或状态, 常和明确的过去时间状语连用, 如：yesterday,last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now等,或与由 when引导的从句连用；2. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内常常或反复显现的动作；句子中常带有everyday, often, usually, always, sometimes等时间状语；例： When I worked in the pany, I got up early every morning. 在那家公司上班时,我每天早晨都起得很早；In

2、 the past few years she usuallywent touringduringher summerholidays.在过去的几年里,每逢暑假她总是出去旅行；二、一般过去时态句子结构1. Be 动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be 动词, am is的过去式为 was; are的过去式为 were.如： I was late yesterday. We werent late yesterday.She wasnt a teacher three years ago. Were you ill yesterday.Were they once your class

3、mates？ -Yes, I was. -No, I wasnt.Who were your best friends in your primary school.2. 实义动词的一般过去时态确定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do 和 does的过去式 did.如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday.I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you.Did you go home yesterday.-Yes, I did.-No, I didnt.When didyoufin

4、ishyourhomework lastnight/thedaybefore yesterday.3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：shall should （将要）用于第一人称单数willwould （将要）用于全部人称can could （能,会） may might （可以） must must （必需） haveto had to （不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词仍使用原形；如： I had to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我不得不做作业； 50三、一般过去时态动词变化形式一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示；大多数动词的过去式

5、是在动词原形后加上 ed 构成；这类动词称为规章动词；1） 一般情形下在词尾直接加ed；如： play playedworkworked2） 以 e 结尾的动词只加 d.如： like- likedloveloved3） 以辅音字母 +Y 结尾的动词,变 Y 为 I ,再加 ed.如： study studied carry carried4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,假如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最终这个辅音字母,再加 ed.如： stop stopped5） 不以 ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规章动词 , 如：write （写） -wrotego-went do-did have-had

6、see-saw take-took make-made e-came buy-bought技巧：巧记一般过去时：【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧；一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用；【二巧】形式巧；它与一般现在时一样,形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或 第三人称单数时,谓语动词用 was；主语是其次人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用 were；例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里；He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校；They were over th

7、ere a moment ago 刚才他们在那边；【三巧】否定句结构巧；与动词be 的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not 即可变成否定句,并且 was, were 与 not 可以缩写成 wasnt, werent；即：主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他；例如：I was not wasnt here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿；My parents were not werent at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家；【四巧】 疑问句式巧；把 was, were 提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句；即：WasWere 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词

8、 be 的一般现在时的疑问句式相像；例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？Was she late this morning今日早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相像,确定回答用“Yes,主语 waswere”；否定回答用“ No,主语 wasnt werent ”；例如： Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？ Yes, they were No, they werent 是的,她们在；（不,她们不在；）练习一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1Ian Engl

9、ish teacher now. 2Shehappy yesterday.3. Theyglad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancygood friends. 5The little dogtwo years old this year. 6Look, therelots of grapes here.7Todaythe second of June. Yesterday the firstof June. ItChildrens Day.二、用动词的适当形式填空1. Iwatch a cartoon on Saturday.2. H

10、er fatherread a newspaper last night.3. Weto zoo yesterday, weto the park. go4. youvisit your relatives last Spring Festival.5. hefly a kite on Sunday. Yes, he. 6.Jimpull up carrots last National Day holiday.7. Isweep the floor yesterday.8. What she findinthegardenlastmorning.She find a beautiful bu

11、tterfly.1. Helive in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cateat a bird last night.3. Wehave a party last Halloween.4. Nancypick up oranges on the farm last week.5. Imake a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. Theyplay chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mothercook a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The

12、girlssing anddance at the party.9. Itbe Bens birthday last Friday.10. We allhave a good time last night.11. Hejump high on last Sports Day.二、现在完成时一句型：Eg: I have finished my homework.He hasnt watered the flowers.Have they watched the film. -Yes, they have.-No, they havent.二用法1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造

13、成的影响或结果Eg. I have spent all of my money so far.含义是: 现在我没有钱花了 .Jim has just/already e. 含义：吉姆现在在这儿 My father has gone to work.含义是: 我爸爸现在不在这儿 2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 , 连续到现在的动作 （用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for （+时间段） ,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连用 .for+ 时段since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+ 时段+agosince+ 从句（过去时）It is+时段+

14、since+ 从句（过去时）E.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.三、现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙；He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影；He hasnt e back yet.他仍没有回来；* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best

15、 film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影；He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京；* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了；* 以 so far（到目前为止）为标 +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京；留意：1 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2不能与 when连用 3现在完成时往

16、往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 .四、过去分词变法小结1 、规章动词：规章动词的过去分词的构成规章与规章动词的过去式的构成规章相同；(1) 、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”； e.g. work-worked-worked(2) 、以“ e”结尾的动词, 只在词尾加 “ d”； e.g.live-lived-lived,(3) 、以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词,将 y变为 i,再加“ ed”；study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母, 先双写该辅音字母, 再加“ ed”；stop-stopped-stopp

17、ed , drop-dropped-dropped2 、不规章动词：AAA型 E.g. let let let cut cut cut AAB型E.g. beat beat beatenABA型 E.g. bee became beerun ran run ABB型E.g. bring brought broughtfeel felt feltABC型E.g. begin began begundrive drove driven五、易混学问辨析1、has gone to,has been to的区分Have/Has goneto :去了 现在不在说话现场 Where is your fath

18、er？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been to :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai.2、since 和 for的区分since 后接时间点,如 1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间,表示“长达多久” ,如 ten years, a while, two days等；Exercise:1、 用 since 和 for填空1. Jim has been in IrelandMonday.2. Jill has been in I

19、relandthree days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting20 minutes.7. Nobody livesin those houses. They have been emptymanyyears.8. Mike has been illa long time

20、. He has been in hospital October.Keys：1. since2. for3. for4. since5. since6. for7.for8. since2、单项挑选1. -Where have you, Kate.-Iveto the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone 2 、The famous writerone new book in the past two years . is writing.was writing.wrote.has written 3、 Our c

21、ountrya lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even. has changed ; well. changed ; good. has changed ; better. changed ; better4、Zhao Lanalreadyin this school for two years . was ; studying. will ; study. has ; studied. are ; studying5、WeXiao Li since she was a little girl . know. had known. have known

22、. knew 6 、youyour homework yet .Yes . Iit a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish 7、 His fatherthe Party since 1978 . joined. has joined. was in. has been in8、 Miss Green isnt in the office . sheto the library .has gone. went.will g

23、o. has been3、填空；1. Ialreadysee the film. Isee it last week.2. hefinish his work today. Not yet.3. My fatherjust4. Where s Li Ming . Hee back from work. He is tired now.go to the teachers office.5. Iwork here since Imove here in 1999.6. So far Imake quite a few friends here.7. How longthe Wangsstay h

24、ere . For two weeks.8. Ijustfinish my homework. 9.youfind your science book yet.10. Ive lost my pen.yousee it anywhere.三、一般将来时一、用法 .“ will/ shall+ 动词原形”构成的一般将来时,其被动形式为“will/ shall+ be +过去分词”；(1) 表示单纯的将来；如：Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month.下个月她姐姐就 30 岁了；(2) 表示在说话时打算要去做某事；如：We are r

25、eally lost. I ll stop to ask someone the way.我们真的迷路了；我要停下来问问路；(3) 用于“祈使句 +连词 +简洁句”固定句式中；如：Go straight on and youll see a church. You won t miss it.直走你就会看到一座教堂,你不会错过的；二一般将来时的句型 have/has done1. 确定句：The workers will build a new school here next year.2. 否定句：He wont play football with you before he finis

26、hes his work.3. 疑问句：Will you be back in ten minutes.4. 特别疑问句：Where will you go next week.三、留意事项1. 用“ be going to动词原形”构成的一般将来时；1人作主语时表示准备, “有方案要做”；如：My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows up.大后当医生；我女儿准备长2物作主语时表示目前有迹象说明将要发生某事, “有的趋势（如天气变化）”；如：Look at the black clouds. It s going to rain. 看

27、那些乌云,要下雨了；3. 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句一般不用 be going to ,而常用 will （第一人称用 shall ）；从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时：如：Thefootballmatchwillbeputoffifitrainstomorrow.假如明天下雨,足球赛将被推迟举办；4.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来；如：They willgo homeforthe wintervacationas soon as they finishtheir exams.他们一考完试就回家过寒假；Exercise1. Heable to e on Frida

28、y because he fails in his exam.A. will be notB. will not beC. is going to beD. isn t goingbe2. Whenagain.-When he, I ll let you know.A. he es ;esB. will he e;will eC. he es ;will he eD. will he e;es3. Do you think Tomhis uncle if he arrives.A. calledB. callsC. will callD. is calling 4. Don t get off

29、 the bus until it.A. will stopB. stopsC. shall stopD. is stopped 5. Webegin our lessons if youready.A. will ; will beB. shall ; Will getC. will ; getD. /; are 6. Ill tell her about it as soon as sheback.A. shall eB. will eC. esD. is going to e7.- It s Saturday tomorrow. Im glad weany classes.-So am

30、I. I ll go fishing. Would you like to go with me.A. haven t hadB. won t haveC. don t haveD. wouldn t have 8. Shehim a lovely dog on his next birthday.A. givesB. gaveC. will givingD. is going to give 9. If ittomorrow, we ll have a picnic.A. isn t rainB. won t rainC. doesn t rainD. doesn t fine 10. We

31、the homework this way next time.A. doB. will doC. going to doD. will doing 11. The day after tomorrow hea volleyball match.A. will watchingB. watchesC. is watchingD. is going to watch 12. Therea meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. willbe going toB. willgoing to beC. is goingto beD. will go to be 13.a conc

32、ert next Saturday.A. There will beB. Will there beC. There can beD. There are 14 If they e, wea meeting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have to be 15. Theyan English evening next Sunday.A.are havingB. are going to haveC. will havingD. is going tohave 16.Charliehere next month.A. isn t workingB. do

33、esntworkingC. isn t going to workingD. wont work17.Hevery busy thisweek, hefreenext week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be;will beD. is; will be 18.Therea dolphin showin the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be四、将来进行时一、将来进行时的构成将来进行时是由 shall/will + be +现在分词 构成的；

34、E.g. Dontphone mebetween 8:00 and 10:00.Wellbe having classesthen.二、将来进行时的用法将来进行时的基本用法 :表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作；常与 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrowevening 等表示将来的时间状语连用例如： Ill be taking my holiday soon.我不久就去度假了；将来进行时的特别用法A. 表示缘由、结果或推测；例如： Please e tomorrow afterno

35、on, Tomorrow morning Ill be having a meeting.请你明天下午来吧；我明天上午有个会； 表缘由Stop the child or he will be falling over.抓住那个孩子,要不他会掉下去的； 表结果You will be making a mistake.你会出错的； 表估计B. 用在问句中,表示委婉礼貌；When shall we be meeting again. 我们什么时候再见面？C. 表示稍后一点儿的支配；The students are studying Unit 3 this week, and next week th

36、eyll be studying Unit 4.这周同学们学第三单元,下周他们将学第四单元；【留意】在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时；如：Be careful when you are crossing the street.过公路时要当心；Exercise将来进行时练习1. Whatyouthis time tomorrow.A will doB willhave done C willbe done D will be doing2. The street lightson when night falls.A willhave gone Bwillhave been

37、going Cwillbe going Dwillbe gone3. Joethe piano in a few minutes.A shall be playedB will have been playing C shall be playingD will have played4. Imy grandmother at three this afternoon.A shallbe visiting Bshallhave visitedCshallbe visitingDwill visit5. “ Can you attend the party tonight.”“ No,the b

38、oss about something urgent.”A I seeBI shall have seen C Ill be seeingD I can see【将来进行时与一般将来时的比较】两者都表示将来的行为,但在用法上有所区分：(1) 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作；而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作；如：She won t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.明天 8 点她不在办公室开会；What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon.明天下午五点你将干

39、什么？(2) 将来进行常常用来表示说话人设想已经支配好的事；而一般将来时表示暂时打算；如：We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.七月份我们要去海边度假；Did you tell Julia about the result.你告知朱莉娅结果了吗？Oh, no. I will call her now.噢,没有；我现在就告知她；(3) 将来进行时不表示个人意愿；如：They will be meeting us at the station.他们会在车站接我们的；(4) 将来进行时比一般将来时在语气上要委婉客气；如：When w

40、ill you finish these letters.你什么时候会处理完这些信件？When shall I be expecting you this evening.今日晚上我几点等你？五、过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past）”；-|- |-|-那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had +过去分词”构成,其中 had通用于各种人称；E.g. Theyhad already had breakfastbefore theyarrivedat the hotel

41、.二、过去完成时的判定依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语； 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1） by +过去的时间点；如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（ 2） by the end of +过去的时间点；如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3） before +过去的时间点；如：They had planted six hundred trees before

42、last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定；过去完成时表示 “过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时； 这种用法常显现在：（ 1）宾语从句中要用过去完成时；在 told, said, knew, heard, thought从句；如：She said that she had seen the film before.等动词后的宾语（ 2）状语从句中在时间、条件、缘由、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时；如：当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时

43、,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.留意： before, after引导的时间状语从句中,由于before和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,如主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,就主、从句都用一般过去时；如：Where did you study before you came here. After he closed the door, he left the classroo

44、m.（ 3 ）表示意向的动词,如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, s uppose 等,用过去完成时表示 原本,未能 We had hoped that you would e, but you didnt.3. 依据上、下文来判定；I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each othe r since hewent to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或终止,即发生在“过去的过去” ；如：When I woke up, it