2022年初二上册英语第二单元知识点归纳.docx

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1、学问点讲解初二上册英语其次单元学问点归纳Unit2How often do you exercise.1How often do you exercise？你多久锤炼一次？【解析】本句是含有特别疑问词how often的特别疑问句；how often多久一次,用于对动作发生的频率进行提问；回答应当是频度副词或表示频率的词 组,如 always ,usually ,often ,sometimes,hardly ,ever ,never ,every day,once a week, three times a day等；Eg. How often do you go to the movies

2、.你多久去看一次电影？ Once a week.一周一次；how often:多久一次,用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语有never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a year等；how long:多长时间, 用来对“ for +一段时间”提问,强调时间的连续,其谓语动词应为连续性动词；此外,仍可用于询问物体的长度；how soon:需要多长时间,过多久才对“ in+ 一段时间 ”或” , “ since+ 时间段+ago”等时间短语提问 ,答语有 in a week/month/ year等；how far ：

3、多远,用来询问距离,答语常用“数字+ miles/ kilometers”等；由 how 形成的特别疑问词 基本用法由 how形成的特别疑问词很多,详细提问内容不同,主要有：1. how often提问事情发生的频率；How often do we do this.我们多长时间做一次这事？2. how long提问事情连续时间的长短；How long have you had it.你有这个毛病有多久了？3. how soon 意为“仍要多久”,是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作终止或某动作发生这段时间提问常用在一般将来时态的句子中；How soon could you get back to m

4、e.你多快能给我回话呢？4. how fast提问多快；How fast can this car go. 这车能跑多快 .5. how many提问可数名词的数量多少；But how many of us achieve all these goals.但是我们中有多少人实现了全部这些目标呢？6. how much提问不行数名词的数量多少以及询问价钱；当询问价格时,后面肯定是跟物品而非价格,如How much are the shoes. How much money do you owe him.你该他多少钱 .7. how far提问距离多远； How far can you chunk

5、 a pumpkin. 你能把一个南瓜扔多远呢？学问小总结：3） how often表示“多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问；其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often次数时间段 :如： once or twice a weekevery时间段 : every day 每天区分： everyday （每天的；日常的） 留意：表示“一次或两次”时,一般用once 和 twice表示；如： once a month 一个月一次而表示“三次或以上”时,就用“数词times ”结构；如： fi

6、vetimes a year 一年五次 4） 由 how构成的疑问词组的用法（ 1）howmany+ 可数名词复数如： how many programs“多少”how much+不行数名词；如： how much coffee但 how much=whats the price of.仍有“多少钱”的意思如：Howmuchare those pants.(2) how many times:“多少次” .其答语表示次数；如： once ,twice, three times等(3) How old.询问年龄如： How old are you. I am five.(4) 4“ how lo

7、ng .”多久 时间常用 for two days,for three hours等回答； 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river. -10 kms.(5) how soon用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours,in three days等；如： How soon wil he come back？ In an hour；【解析】 exercisev 锤炼 =do sports= play sports【短语】 take /have/do exercise做运动do morning exercise做早操do eye exercise做眼保健

8、操【拓展】 exercise作名词时,意为“锤炼；运动”时是不行数名词,意为“体操；练习”时是可数名词；例如：I should eat less food and take more exercise.我应当少吃饭,多锤炼；We do morning exercise every morning.我们每天早上都晨练；2. help with housework帮忙做家务（1） ） help with sth.意为“帮忙做某事”拓展： help sb. withsth.= helpsb.（to ） do sth.帮忙某人做某事Eg: I often help him with his Engli

9、sh.= I often help him to learn English.我经常帮他学习英语；（2） ） housework 意为“家务劳动”；不行数名词； 基本用法n. housework家务事,是不行数名词, do housework相当于 do chores ；She often helps her parents do housework.她常常帮忙父母做家务； 学问拓展 - 相关单词homework n.家庭作业do ones homework做家庭作业He usually does his homework at 6:00 oclock every day.他每天六点做作业；1

10、. They havehousework to do.A. manyB. much3、 What do youusuallydo on weekends.你在周末做什么？ “ I usually play soccer.” “我通常踢足球；”解析：第一个 do 为助动词 , 在这起帮忙构成疑问的作用；而其次个do 就是实义动词；Eg1What do you usually do on weekends. I often go to the movies. Eg2What does she usually do on weekends. She sometimes go hiking.【解析 1

11、】频度副词always意思总是,始终,频度100%usually通常,常常90%often常常,常常70%sometimes = at times有时,不时40%hardly ever= almost not几乎从不5%never从不,决不0%规律总结：1. 这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同,一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前；2. hardly和 never 均为否定副词,有二者的句子不需再加no 或 not 构成否定,因其本身就是否定句；3. 就这些表示拼读的副词提问时,常用how often ；【拓展】 some time /sometime/some times/so

12、metimes【口诀】：分开是一段,合起是某时；分开 s 是倍次,合起 s 是某时(1) some time一段时间,做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间sometime adv在某个时候,（ ）I hope to visit the USAin the future.A. sometimesB. some timesC. sometimeD. some time3 some times名词词组,“几次,几倍”sometimes=at times有时 （一般现在时的标志词）do you writean Englisharticlefor

13、our schoolnewspaper.Sometimes.A. How longB. How oftenC. How muchD. How far【解析 2】weekend/weekday辨析单词意思范畴weekend周末周六、周日weedday工作日周一至周五【解析】 on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday在周末on weekdays= from Monday to Friday在工作日 The teachers never arrive late for work from Monday to Friday.A. on weekdaysB. on wee

14、kendsC. every dayD. five times a week.辨析： sometimes ,some times, sometime , some timesometimes是频度副词,意为“有时；间或” ,表示动作发生的频率,相当于at times 提问；常用于一般现在时与一般过去时；提问用how oftensometimes是名词短语, 意为“几倍、 几次”；time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解； 表示“时间”时是不行数名词； How mang timessometime某个时候；可指过去或将来的某个时候；提问用 when some time一段时间；常与 for 连用；对它

15、提问用 how long；口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候” ；Eg：Sometimes I get up very late.有时我起床很晚；I will go to shanghai sometime next week.下周某个时候我要去上海；He reads the story some times.他读这个故事几遍了；I ll stay here for some time.我将会在这儿呆一段时间；练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for.我们准备在海南呆一段时间； I am sure that we have metbefore.我确定我们之前见

16、过几次了； Ihave letters from him.有时我会收到他的来信；4. Hardly ever几乎从不【解析】 hard 1adv努力地,猛烈地work hard努力工作 study hard努力学习(2) adj.困难的,艰巨的 =difficult It s hard/difficult for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是困难的It s hard for usfinish the work without others help.【拓展】 hardly adv“几乎不,从来不” ,表否定意义,常与 can ,any ,ever连用；I can hardly b

17、elieve it. It s raining.People cango out.A. hard; hardlyB. hardly; hardC. hard ; hardD. hardly ; hardly【注】 形容雨雪下的大用 hard/heavy辨析： hard/hardly1. hard可充当形容词和副词两种角色；(1) 用作形容词有“硬的”,“困难的、艰巨的”的意思；其中用作“难的”讲时,在口语中与 difficult通用；The problem is too hard, I cant work it out.这个问题太难了,我算不出来；(2) 用作副词,意为“努力地、刻苦地”,“猛

18、烈地”, hard 用作“猛烈地”讲时, 同 heavily相同；He works hard only before exams.他只在考试前努力学习；It is raining hard outside. You cant go out.外面正下着大雨；你不能出去；2. hardly只用作副词,意思是“几乎不”、“仅仅”、“才”,表示否定概念,常和any连用； hardly any相当于 almost nonot；hardly是具有否定意味的词,它不能再与其它否定词一起连用,在由它构成的反意疑问句中,尾句的疑问式须用确定式；Hardly anybodyAlmost nobody came t

19、o the meeting.几乎没有人来开会；hardly几乎不,一般位于动词之前；hard努力,位于动词之后；eg：He hardly works.他几乎不工作； He works hard.他工作努力；5. use the Internet用互联网use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事 eg：I use a knife to cut bread.我用刀切面包；短语： on the Internet在网上, surf the Internet网上冲浪,上网5. What s your favorite program？ 你最喜爱的节目是什么？句型： Whats yourfavor

20、ite.=What. do you like best？你最喜爱的 .是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜爱的动物是什么？= 【解析】 favorite adj.最喜爱的 = like.bestones favorite+ 名词 某人最喜爱的Ifavoritesubjectis English.-Whats your favorite, Bob. -Cats. They re so lovely.A. plantB. jobC. sportD. animal6. Are you free next week？ 你下周有空吗？free意为“闲暇的,有空的”,反

21、义词busy； be free意为“闲着,有空”eg: ： He is free now.他现在有空；拓展： free仍可译为“免费的”Eg：The tickets are free.票是免费的【解析】 freeadj.闲暇的 be free = have time有时间 adj.自由的,免费的be free to do sth随心所欲的做某事7. twice a week一周两次【解析】英语中, once 表示“一次”, twice 表示“两次”,从三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times ”表示, time在这里是可数名词,意为“次数”,复数形式直接加“ s”,如：“六次” six tim

22、es,“十次” ten times； 学问拓展 - 其他用法1. once作时间副词, once upon a time“从前”,多用在过去时中；介词短语 at once意为“立刻、立刻”；2. 用于状语从句中,表示“一旦” ；如：Once the sun had set, the air turned cold.太阳一落,空气就变冷了；3. 就“次/ 倍数”名词提问用 howmanytimes,就“次数 +a+week/month等”提问用 how often ；4. twice以及“基数词 +times ”仍表示倍数,即“两倍或几倍” ；2）表示“几次”的表达方法是： once a day

23、/ a week/ a month/ a year twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year8. Hmm.next week is quite full for me,Jack. 呣下周我很忙,杰克；quite full很忙,相当忙 .拓展： 1.full仍可译为“满的,布满的”；Eg：The bus was fullwhen they got there.翻译 2.full仍可译为“饱的”；Eg：I can t eat any more, I am quite full.我不能再吃了,我相当饱了；【解析】 full adj. 忙的 = busyadj. 满的；

24、布满的be full of = be filled with 布满This shelf is full of / filled with books. Help yourself to some more meat,Linda.A. Im full, thanksB. It s my pleasureC. It doesntmatterD. Very well, thank you adj. full满的；布满的；充分的,充分的,完全的The glass is full.杯子满了；full-time job全职工作 学问拓展： 常用短语 be full of = be filled with

25、“布满的,富有的”This shelf is full of / filled with books. The room is full of people. We cant go in. 房子里满是人,我们进不去；反义词 empty“空的”full adj.吃饱的；过饱的,其反义词是 hungry ,意为“饥饿的”；Eg. Are you hungry or full？你饿了仍是饱了？词义辨析： fill/full1. fill为及物动词,表“使满”,常与介词 with 搭配,表达“被布满” 时用 be filled with 结构；如：The bottle is filled with w

26、ater.这只瓶子装满了水；He was filled with joy at the news.听到这个消息,他内心布满了欢乐；2. full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of结构中；如：The schoolbag is full of books.书包里装满了书；注： be filled with = be full of,但介词 with 与 of不能混淆；如：The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people.9、She sometimes goes shopping.她有时去购物；【

27、解析】 shop n商店= storev 购物 go shopping去购物 do some shopping购物I often gowith my friends on weekends. shop【拓展】 go + 动词 inggo swimming 去游泳 go skating去滑冰 go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go hiking去远足go hunting去打猎 Its a fine day. How about. Sounds great.A. go hikingB. go to hikeC. going hikingD. to go to hike【解析】 s

28、ometimes 为频度副词 ,意为“有时候”,多用于一般现在时或一般过去时中；辨析： sometimes, sometime, some time与 some timesSometimes意为“有时”,可放于句首或句中； （How often 提问）Sometime表示在某个时间段内的某个时候,既可以表示过去某个时间也可以表示将来的某个时间；（ When提问）Some time名词性短语, 意为“一些时间”, time 是不行数名词, 意为“时间”；（ Howlong提问）Some times 表示“几次”, time 是可数名词,表示“次；次数”； （Howmanytimes 提问）Eg.

29、 Even friends sometimes disagree.即使是伴侣,有时也会看法不合；I hope to see you again sometime next year.我期望明年的某个时候能再见到你；Please give me some time to red this passage.请给我一些时间看这篇文章；I have been to Beijing some times before.我以前去过北京几次；10、 How come. 怎么会？ 怎么回事？Howcome.是固定表达,意为“怎么回事？ / 怎么会？” 表示某件事情很古怪,有点想不通；可单独使用,也可引导一个问

30、句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特别疑问句使用的仍旧是陈述语序；How come Tom didn t come to the party. = Why didnt Tom come to the party.11. I have dance and piano lessons.我要上舞蹈课和英语课；have 在此意为“上课”；Eg: They re having an English lesson.他们正在上英语课；扩展： have lessons上课 , Lesson One第一课12. Well, how about Tuesday ？ 哦,那周二呢？How a

31、bout. =What about.意为“怎么样？”,用来征求对方的看法；Eg: How about this book.这本书怎样？How / What about doing sth. .做怎么样？Eg：-What will we do on Sunday？ 星期天我们什么？-How about visiting the museum？ 去参观博物馆咋样？1. Its sunny today, What about（play ）tennis ？I. go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次；【解析】 maybe adv. 大致；或许；可

32、能Eg. Maybe that man is a policeman. 或许那人是警察；maybe 和 may bemaybe副词,意为“或许；大致”, 常位于句首表估计；由情态动词 may和 be 构成,意may be为“可能是、或许是”,在句中作谓语；Maybe he is at Jims home.或许他在吉姆家；He may be right.他可能是对的；【解析 1】go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film去看电影【解析 2】maybe/may be 辨析：（1） maybe =perhaps adv或许,可能,表示估计,通

33、常用于句首,在句中作状语；Li Hua wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei.A. May beB. MayC. AlsoD. Maybe（2） ）maybe 是“情态动词 may+动词原形 be”,或许,可能是,也表示估计,在句中作谓语；可以和 maybe 互换；Toms pen may be in his backpack.=Maybe Toms pen is in his backpackNow all of us exercise atleasthour a day in and outside school.A. the ; aB. a;

34、anC. /; aD. /; an although是连词,意为“虽然,尽管,即使” ；例如：Although he is young, he knows a lot.虽然他很年轻,但是他知道很多；【留意】although=though,汉语中可以说 “虽然, 但是”,但英语中 although/though与 but 不能同时显现在同一个句子中；14. He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢 足球两次；【解析】 least adv.最小；最少adj.& pron.最少的；最小的,它是 little的最高级；Eg.He has leastmoney of a

35、ll of us.在我们全部人中他的钱最少；She works least.她工作最少；We have least time.我们时间最少；at least至少；不少于；起码,其反义短语为： at most至多15. On Wednesday and Friday.在周三和周五【解析】介词 at/ in /on /for表示时间：1) at.表示某一详细时间点,某一时刻/年龄at six oclockat noonat that timeat the momentat the age of at night2) in 表示时间段 , 一天的三个时间段以及月份 , 年, 季节, 世纪, 人生的某

36、个时期 某人几十岁时 In the morning/afternoon /eveningin spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first centuryin his fifties3) on 表示星期几 / 某一详细的日子 / 详细某天的上午 / 下午/ 晚上, 表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时 .On Monday on New Year s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy nightg. At least he should say thanks.他至少应当说声感谢；16. “Whats yo

37、ur favorite program.”“It s Animal World.”“你最喜爱什么节目？” “动物世界；”【解析】 favorite adj.最喜爱的 = like.bestones favorite+ 名词 某人最喜爱的Ifavoritesubjectis English.-Whats your favorite, Bob.-Cats. They re so lovely.A. plantB. jobC. sportD. animal17. I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视【解析】 1 every day每天= each day做状语,放在句末, 对其提

38、问用 how oftenHe exercises every day.2 everyday adj.每天的 ,作定语,修饰名词,放在名词之前everyday English日常英语18. As forhomework , most students do homework every day.解析：as for.意思是“至于； 关于”,常用于句首作状语, 其后跟名词、 代词或动词的 -ing形式（即动名词）；如： As for him,I never want to see him here.至于他,我永久不期望在这里见到；As for the story,youd better not be

39、lieve it.关于那故事,你最好不要信任；As for myself, I dont want to go now.至于我自己,我现在不想去；As for the man, I know nothing about him.至于那个人,我什么都不知道；19. They often help with housework.他们常常帮忙做家务；【解析】 help v帮忙 helpful adj有帮忙的help sb. to do sth=help sb. with sth帮忙某人做某事help sb. with sth在某方面帮忙某人I often help my mother with ho

40、usework onweekendshelpto do sth帮忙某人做某事She was coming to help clean the machine help sb. todo sth帮某人做某事Mr. Wang helped me to repair my bike. My mom helps medo my homework.=My mom helps me with my homework. My teacher s words arehelp to me. A lot of vegetables can help usin good.A. keep; healthB. to k

41、eep; healthy C. keeping ;healthD.keeps; health20. What kind of dance are you learning .你在学什么舞？ Swing dance摇摆舞【解析】 kind 1 n种类 kind of +adj.有点,有几分, kind of cold有点冷a kind of一种的,某种的all kinds of各种各样的 different kinds of不同种类的What kind of.哪种 . - Whatbowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large.- A

42、 large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. colorB. priceC. sizeD. kind2 adj.友好的 be kind to sb. =be friendly to sb.对某人友好Its kind _you _help me with my English.A. of; toB. for; toC. of; forD. to; to【解析 2】swing n秋千 There is a kid playing on the swing.v.摇摆,荡秋千swing dance摇摆舞【记】 s + wing翅膀swing 21.no adj. 1没有

43、的= not any/not a /not anThere is no chalk on the teacher s=deTshke.re is not a chalk on the teacher s desk.2 no 不要,禁止No swimming ！禁止游泳 No parking. 禁止停车！ No photos. 禁止拍照！22. How about Tuesday.那么周二呢？【解析】 How about = what about. .怎么样？（用来询问对方的情形或征求看法）How about doing sth = what about doing sth. How about

44、go swimming. What abouta rest. OK. Let s go for a walk.A. to haveB. hadC. haveD. having23. How often do they stay up late.他们多久熬一次夜？【解析】 stay up熬夜 = sit up.stay up与 stay up late区分1） stay up“熬夜、不睡觉”如： He stayed up all night to write his story.他熬了一整夜写他的小说；2） stay up late“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”如： Dont stay up late n

45、ext time.下次不要再熬夜很晚了；stay at home呆在家里 stay away from远离 If you stay up , you will be tired.A. go to bed lateB. dont go to bedC. work hardD. sleep early24. How often do you eat junk food.你多久吃一次垃圾食品？【解析】 junk food垃圾食品 green food绿色食品natural food自然食品 healthy food健康食品25. 频度副词【解析】频度副词表示常常性的动作或情形,常和一般现在时连用,表示现在常常或反复发生的