2022年新目标人教版八级英语下册单元知识点归纳总结.docx

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1、人教版八年级英语下册学问点Unit 1. what s the matter.一重点短语归纳1. foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache胃疼4. have a sore back 背疼5. have a sore throat 喉咙疼6. have a fever 发烧7. lie down and have arest 躺下休息have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生10. drink l

2、ots of water多喝水11. lots of ,a lot of,很多；大量 a lota lot of=lots of ,可以修饰可数名词复数和不行数名词, 一般用在确定句中； ：There are lots of（ a lot of ） books in our library.There is a lot of water on the grounda lot, 是一个副词词组,跟动词连用；表示特别,很等意思；Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache 牙疼13. That s a good i好de主a 意14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to

3、bed early 早上床睡觉15. feel well 感到好 feel ill 感到不舒适I don t feel well= I m not feelin我g 感we觉ll 不舒适 .16. start doing/ to do sth 开头做某事to do是一件事情完成了,开头做另外一件事情doing 是原先的那件事情做到一半,现在又开头做了, 是同一件事情；17. two days ago 两天前18. get some rest 多休息 , 休息一会儿19. I think so 我认为是这样20. be thirsty 口渴21. be hungry 饥饿22. be stres

4、sed out 紧急23. listen to music 听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医26. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛 , 我需要去看牙医 .We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的洁净 .27. too much + 不行数名词太多的 much too + 形/副 实在太 极其,特别too many + 可数名词复数 太多的

5、 28. be good for sth./ doing sth.对什么有益 ,对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth.对什么有害be good to 对 好be good at =do well in 在 方面好,善于be goodbad for 、be good at 的相关用法1.be good for对有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早李平善于于打篮球；be good at = do well in如： Im good at math. = I do well in math. 我善于于数学

6、；3.be good to 对好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好；29. get good grades 取得好成果30. angry 用法 be angry with sb 生某人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很愤怒,由于他让我等了好久；be angry at/ about sth 就某事愤怒31. It s easy to do做st某h 事是简单的；It s important to do sth . 做某事很重要；32. balanced di

7、et 平稳饮食33. get tired 感到疲惫be/get tired34. stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health35. He shouldn t eat anything=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西 .36. give sb some advice 给某人建议 give advice提出建议advice 是不行数名词a piece of advice 一就建议 take one s advi采ce纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很

8、好的看法；49. sleep 8 hours a night 每晚睡眠八小时,get enough sleep 得到充分的睡眠50. take medicine吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold. 由于感冒,我不得不一天吃三次药；二 固定结构It 形s +容词+ for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是 的；It s important to do st做h .某事很重要；It s important for me to eat a balanced die平t. 衡饮食对我来说是很重要的 .I

9、t s easy to sdtoh 做某事是简单的；It s easy for us to find out the answe找r. 出答案对我们来说是简单的三重点句子1. What s the matter . What s the mater w你ith怎you .么啦？=What s the trouble with you.=What s wrong with you I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2. That s too bad. You should / shouldn那太糟糕t了. 你应当 /不该Yo

10、u shouldlie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey/ see a dentist / see a doctor .He shouldn t eat anything = He should eat nothin他g.不应当吃任何东西 .3.I m not felling well .这里 well 表示身体状况,不能用 good 代替1操对你们的建康有益；I don t feel well= I m not feeli我ng感w觉el不l舒适 .2.be good at 善于于 .Li Ping is good at basketball.

11、李平善于于篮球；= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.4.When did it start . About two days ago .什么时候开头的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon .我期望你很快好起来这里 better 是 well 的比较级10. It s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it to eat a balanced diet .有一个健康的生活方式很简单,饮食平稳是很重要的；词和副词s 之im间po,rta如nt果是名词,就既可插在动词和副词之间,也

12、可放在短语动词后；21 It s easy to do st做h 某. sth . 做某事重要四学问结构1.情态动词 should 的用法事简单/ It s important to do2. 动词 +介词 如：listen of听 look at 看 belong to 属于这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语；3. 动词 +副词+介词 如： come up with提出,想出should 是情态动词,它的基本用法是必需和其他动词一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化,意为应当；should（应当,应当）用于全部人称,表示劝说或建议；eg. You should wait a little

13、more.你应当再多等一会儿；- I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害；- You should lie down and have a rest. 你应当躺下,多喝水；2maybe 与 may be1. maybe 是副词,译为 “或许、可能 ”,相当于 “ perhaps；”如：Maybe he can answer the question.或许他能回答那个问题；He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国；2. may be 中的 may 为情态动词, 译为 “可能是 .如：He may be from the USA, too.

14、他可能也来自美国；She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师4 few 、a few、little 、a little 的区分和联系：1.few / a few 用来修饰可数名词, few 表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有；a few 表示有确定意思,有几个； 例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没伴侣, 他感觉孤寂；There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋；2.little / a little用来修饰不行数名词,little 表示否定意思,没有,几乎

15、没有；a little表示确定意思,有一点儿；例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink.我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗？3 not until 直到 否定句 才,动词为短暂性或瞬时性动词She didn t leave until we came. He went shopping after he got up.=He didn t go shopping until /before he got up. until/till直到 （确定句）动词为连续性动词We stayed here ti

16、ll/until 12 o clock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一学问点：短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：run out of用完,耗尽4. 动词 +名词介词 如：take part in 参与 catch hold of抓住1. cheer sb. up使某人 兴奋、振作 如： cheer me up使我兴奋 clean up打扫clean-up n. 打扫2. homeless adj. 无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 homen. 家4. sickadj. 生病的作表语、定语illadj. 生病的作表语

17、 ,不能作定语5. volunteer to dov. 理想效劳、主动奉献volunteern. 理想者6. come up with提出 想出 = think up想出catch up with赶上 追上7. put off doing推迟做某事put on穿上 指过程 put up张贴8. write down写下登记9. call up打电话make a telephone call 打电话；”10. set up 成立 建立The new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在2000 年成立的；11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情形

18、 常与 of连用every 每个 每一个的 一切的 就有 “全体 ”的意思不能与 of连用12. put to us把e 投入使用,利用They put the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. to do帮忙某人做某事help him to studyhelp sb. with sth.帮忙某人做某事help him with Englishhelp do帮忙做某事help study14. plan to do方案做某事plan + 从句I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan that I will go to

19、Beijing.我方案去北京；15. spend doin花g 费 做 I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京；spend on sth.花费 在 I spent 3 years on English.16. join参与 指参与团体、组织如： join the Party入党take part in参与 指参与活动 如：take part in sports meeting参与运动会17. run out 与 run out of run out become used up. 其主语往往为物；如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本1.动词 +副词 如

20、： give up 舍弃 turn off关掉 stay up熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词,假如其宾语是代词, 就必需放在动身就含有被动意义；His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了；Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了； run out of主语为人,表示主动含义；He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的日子仍没有到就把钱花完了；两者在肯定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了 = We are running out

21、 of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了；Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了；= We are running out of time18. take after 在外貌、性格等方面 与父母等 相像be similar to与.相像take after 相像look after照管take care of 照管19. work outv. + adj.结局,结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略成效很好；算出,制订出,消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be

22、 worked out. 他似乎永久不会疲乏似的；He worked out a plan.他制订了一个方案；I have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用；21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜爱和我的伴侣一起去购物中心闲荡；22. be able to do 能 会be unable to do 不能 不会23. thank you for doing感谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me感谢做帮忙我24. for sure的

23、确如此,毫无疑问You don t have money. That s 你fo没r s有ur钱e. , 这人民理想军；I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮忙你；二句子1. We can t put off making a plan. Clea-nup Day is only two weeks fromnow. 我们不能推迟制订方案, 清洁日离现在只有两周了；2. She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school

24、. 她在当地的一所学校的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱 好得到较好的利用3. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.帮忙别人不但自己感到欢乐,而且我开头花时间做自己喜爱做的事了；4. The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school.这三个同学方案在他们校开展一个同学理想者项目；5. He also put up some sign a

25、sking for old bikes. 他仍贴了一些需求旧自行车的告；6. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.几米想出的这个方法很效；8. We need to come up with a plan.我们需要指定一个方案；9. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮忙打扫城市公园；10. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who是毫无疑问的；don t have bikes他.现在有 1

26、6 辆要修理的自行车,并25. fill with使布满 用 填充 She filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗；26. hand out分发hand out bananasgive out分发give out sth to sb.分.给某人give up doing舍弃 give up smokin g 舍弃吸烟预备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子；Unit 3 Could you please clean your room.一重要词组及短语give away赠送 捐赠give away sth. to . give1. could you ple

27、ase do sth. 你能 吗？ / 请你away money to kidsgive sb. sth. 给某人某东西give me money 给我钱give sth. to sb.给某人某东西give money to me给我线27. help sb. out 帮忙 做事,解决难题 摆脱困境 I can t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决；28. train n.火车train v. 训练train sb. to do.训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetc

28、h things.她训练她的狗去取东西；29. at once = right away立刻 立刻 如：Do it at once.立刻去做；I ll go there at once/ right away.我立刻去那里；30. one day 有一天指将来 /过去 some day 有一天 指将来 如：One day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了北京；干 好吗？2. do the chores 做杂务3. do the dishes 洗餐具4. sweep the floor清扫地板5. take out the trash 倒垃圾6. make ones bed 铺床

29、7. fold ones clothes叠衣服8. clean the living room清扫客厅9. stay out late 晚归10. come over 过来11. have a test 考试12. get a ride 搭车13. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 厌恶某事 /做某事15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes洗衣服17. wash the car 刷车Some day I ll go t

30、o Beijing有.一天我将去北京；16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking做34. disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能36. volunteer可数名词 “理想者 ” adj. 自愿的vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese People soVlunteers. 他们是中国饭18. work on从事,忙于work at学习、致力于、在 上下工夫19. borrow some money借一些钱borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物 借入

31、lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物 借出 You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱；Can you lend me your bike. 你能借给我你的自行车吗？20. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参与俱乐部；invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地invite you to my party21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb.

32、to do sth. 同意某人做某事agree with sb.同意某人的看法disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事disagree with sb.不同意某人的看法23. take care of = look after照管、照看、照管take2. allow sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事3. hang out with sb.与某人闲逛4. after-school classes 课外活动课5. get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架 /打架6. until midnight直到半夜7. talk to sb.与某人交谈8.

33、 too many 太多9. study too much 学得过多10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信12. call sb. up 打电话给某人13. surprise sb. 令某人诧异14. look through 翻看15. be angry with sb.生某人的气16. a big deal 重要的事17. work out 胜利地进展 ;解决good care of = look after把well照管得好18. get on with 和谐相处；关系良:26. take sb. for a wal

34、k带某人去漫步27. play with sb.和某人玩28. forget to do sth.遗忘去做某事 未做 forget doing sth.遗忘做过某事 做过 （ 2）关于to 的短语总结：have to do sth. 不得不,必需做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事hate to do sth. 厌恶做某事like to do sth.喜爱做某事want to do sth.想做某事 love to do sth.喜爱做某事forget to do sth.遗忘做某事start to do sth. 开头做某事begin to do sth. 开头做某事ask sb

35、 to do sth. 请某人做某事二重点句型1. Could you please clean your room.Yes, sure. / Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework first.2. Could I please use the car.Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you cant. I have to go out.在表示恳求帮忙或恳求答应的疑问句中,常用could代替 can,以表示礼貌, 委婉或不确定的语气, 而 can 就不具备这些语气；这种情形下不能把could 看作 can 的

36、过去式；以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的恳求； 表示恳求帮忙或恳求答应时, 除了 can,could之外,仍可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念；例：Could / Can / May I use your car for a day.作允答可以各种各样：犹如意可以说Yes,或 Sure 或 Certainly ,仍可说Yes, do please. 或 Of course. you may / can.或Thats OK / all right.假如不同意,可以说Im sorry you cant.或 Im really sorry, but I

37、have to use it today.要防止说 No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌； 否定回答通常用委婉语气；Unit4.Why don t you talk to your parents.一、重点短语1. have free time 有闲暇时间19. fight a lot 常常吵架 /打架20. hang over 覆盖21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事22. offer to do sth.主动提出做某事23. so that 以便24. mind sb. doing sth.介意某人做某事25. all the time 始终26. in futu

38、re 今后27. make sb. angry 使某人愤怒28. worry about sth.担忧某事29. copy one s homew抄o袭rk某人的作业30. be oneself 做自己31. family members家庭成员32. spend time alone 独自消磨时间33. give sb. pressure 给某人施压34. have a fight with sb.与某人吵架35. compete with sb.与某人竞争36. free time activities 业余活动37. get better grades 取得更好的成果38. give o

39、ne s op提ini出on某人的观点39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧40. practice sports 体育训练41. cause stress造成压力42. cut out 删除 一. 重要词汇和句型1. get 1 买 get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth.为某人买某物Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping .= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping . 2 得到, 到达Wheredidyougetthebook .Wh

40、endidyougettheletter. Hegot home latelastnight .(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补使某人 某物 怎么样Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .get sb. to do sth.使某人 某物做某事I got him to call Jim yesterday .(4) 逐步 变得The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry .2. how about what about

41、后跟名词 代词 动词ing 形式； 1向对方提出建议或恳求How about going out for a walk .How about something to eat .(2) 向对方征求看法或看法How about the TV play .How about buying the house now . 3 询问天气或身体情形How about the weather in Hainan Island .How about your parents .Are they living with you . 4 谈话中承接上下文I m forty years old . How abo

42、ut you .I m from Beijing .How about you .3. receive 收到The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .receive a letter from = get a letter from =heard from 收到某人的信Ireceived a letter from my parents last Sunday .=I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .=I heard from my parents last Sunda

43、y . accept接受He couldn t accept our suggestions but our gifts .She was very glad to receive the invitation .He didn t receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .4. a6-year oldchild一个六岁的孩子6-year old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词”构成的复合形容词 , 作前置定语 ,修饰

44、后面的名词 child .数词 +名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩a two-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thickdictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典5. tooto 太而不能 too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形 , 构成不定式 . 句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加规律主语 forsb.He is too young to join the army 军队 . 他年纪太小,不能

45、去参军；The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了,做不出；too to 可以与enoughto 和so that 转换 .与 enoughto 转换 时, enough 前的形容词 , 副词必需是 too 后面形容词 ,副词的反义词 ,并使用其否定句式. She is too young to do the work .=she isn t old enough to do the work .与so that转换时 , that 后面的从句要用否定形式 .Tom is too tired to walk any farther .6. cost1动词 ,花费 价值 多少钱 H