2022年呼吸内科专业英语.docx

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1、精品学习资源呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergicreaction 变异原，变态反应bloodgas analysis 血气分析Anaemia贫血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素Atelectasis肺不张 Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2 受体兴奋剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress

2、syndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy活检Bronchiectasis支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop ： bronchiolitisobliterans withorganizingpneunomia 闭塞性

3、细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢阻肺 Clubbed finger杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough干咳Complication并发症DDyspnea

4、呼吸困难Differential diagnosis鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium酸碱平稳etiology病因学 Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration吐痰 Exacerbation加重 Endogenous 内生的欢迎下载精品学习资源Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positive Gm- Gram stain negative H

5、Hypersensitivity pneumonia过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin血红蛋白Hemoptysis咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high resolution computerized tomography高辨论 CT Histology组织学Hypoxia缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome堵塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmo

6、nary second sound 肺动脉瓣其次心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test激发试验Parenchymal 实质的 insterstial 间质的Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia小叶性肺炎RMoist rales

7、湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病欢迎下载精品学习资源Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration

8、排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic- guidedr.k .sk.up 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodes D-Dimerselectrocardiogram ECG 心电图echocar

9、diogram 超声心动图V/Q isotopeais .ut .up 同位素 scan ventilation/perfusion scanningspiral 螺旋 CT/MRAMagnetic Resonance Angiography,.nd .i.r.fi 血管造影术 pulmonary angiographyDopplerd .pl.多 普 勒 USSthigh大ai腿 andpelvispelvis骨 盆 USS:ultrasound scanningcardiac monitorPSG polysommography常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respi

10、ratory tract infection急性上呼吸道感染common cold一般感冒influenza流感 ,influenz .pharynigitis咽炎 pharyngalgiaf.ring.ld.i. 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis急性气管 -支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎communityacquired pneumonia CAP社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia HAP医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia NP医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchi

11、tis慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acute exacerbating AECOPD COPD急性发作 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘欢迎下载精品学习资源allergic rhinitisrainaitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweim.

12、s cell carcinoma鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌 .d .n.u,k :sin.um. bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinomaSCLC 小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤 m .t.st .sis pulmonary embolismPE 肺栓塞pulmonarythromboembolismPTE肺血栓栓塞症 , mr.b.uemb.liz .m pulmonary infarction肺梗死 deep venous thrombosis ,DVT深静脉血栓

13、形成empyema 脓胸 ,empaii:m . pneumothorax 气胸pyopneumothorax脓气胸 pai .u,nju:m .u :r.kschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病 s.pju .r.tiv, -reitiv congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病 ,sai.n.tik cor pulmonale肺源性心脏病 k.:,pum .n.lipulmonary hypertension肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病 en,sef.l.p. i right hear

14、t failure; right-sided heart failure右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD充满性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF特发性肺纤维化 ,idi .p. ikcryptogenic,kript .ud.enik隐 源 性 的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐 源 性 纤 维化 性 肺 泡 炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lu

15、puslju:p .s狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病 ,s :k.id.usisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,pr .utiin .usis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis hi:m.u,sid .r.usis, ,hem- 特发性肺含铁血黄素冷静病Langerhans cell granulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病 r.nju,l.um.t.usis Eosinophilic granuloma

16、嗜酸性肉芽肿 ,i: .sin.filikHistiocytosis X组织细胞增多症 XWegener granulomatosis Wegener 肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺 nju:m .,k.uni.usis drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis.,sp .:d.il .usis 曲菌病： allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis ABPApleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural

17、fistula支气管胸膜瘘 fistjul .oral candidiasis口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮,k.ndidai .sis欢迎下载精品学习资源osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样转变glaucoma 青光眼cataract 白内障acute lung injury， ALI急性肺损耗acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria荨麻疹 eczema 湿疹 hypertension 高血压 diabetes 糖尿病 be administered, treat sb. withempirical

18、体会性的 , prophylactic,pr .fil.ktik,pr.u- 预防性 , remedialrimi:di.l 治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药 ekspekt.r.ntMucolytics粘液溶解剂 ,mju:k .ulitik常用的药物drugs or agentsbronchodilator 支气管扩张剂 ,br .k.udaileit .欢迎下载精品学习资源B2-agonists. .nist兴 salmeterol 沙美特罗奋剂 : short-acting:salbutamol沙丁胺醇 s.lbju:t .m.:llong-acting:欢迎下载精品学习资源mus

19、carinic,m .sk.rinik毒 蕈 碱 样 的antagonists.nt. .nist对 抗 剂 :ipratropium bromidebr .umaid异丙托溴胺aminophylline氨茶碱 .,mi:n .ufili:nsteroidssti.r.id 类固醇 inhaled: budesonide 布地奈poper 德， os., beclomethasone,bekl .ume s.un倍氯米松， fluticasone 氟替卡松 systemic: prednisoloneprednis .l.un强的松hydrocortisone,haidr .uk.:tiz .

20、un 氢化可的松 iv. mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:k .utrai .n白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast 孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants: lobeline6/14nikethamidenikemaid,.-mid 尼可刹米cardiac tonic强心剂diuretics利尿剂 ,daiju .retikalbumin白蛋白 .lbjuminantitussive agents 镇咳药 ,.ntit .sivammonium ch

21、loride氯化铵 .m .unj .m 铵kl .:raid 氯化物ambroxol氨溴索 mucosolvan沐舒坦Pantoloc 潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulaek.njuli:鼻导管， Venturiventju .ri 文里氏 face-mask nebulizernebjulaiz .喷雾器 : finer particle size 3 to 20um allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler MDI 定量雾化吸入器viaintubation

22、,intju:bei .n 插 管， tracheostomy,tr.ki .st.mi,trei- 气 管 造 口 术 ，tracheotomy,tr.ki .t.mi, ,trei- 气管切开术 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术 , :r.k.sentesis chest drain/drainage 引流术 chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy放疗pne

23、umonectomy 肺切除术 ,nju:m .unekt .milobectomy of lung ， pulmonary lobectomy 肺叶切除术 l .ubekt .mi 叶切除术thoracotomy开胸术，胸廓切开术 , :r.k .t.mipleurodesis 胸膜剥脱术欢迎下载精品学习资源pleurectomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy 血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter下腔静脉过滤器cysticsistik 囊性的 /varicosev.rik .us曲张样 /cyc

24、lindrical 柱状 -tram-tracks 轨道样 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex eipeks 尖端 shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency tr.nzlju:s.nsi 半透亮 +collapse 倒塌 : visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的 : pleurodesis 胸膜固定术 , pleurectomyplurekt .mi 胸膜切除术 , bullabul . 大疱 stapling 装订 or lasering 激光常用的化疗药9/14

25、cisplatin顺铂Gemcitabine 吉西他滨： Gemzar 盐酸吉西他滨注射剂 paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇Taxol 泰素docetaxel 多西他赛泰素帝 常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis penicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林 /他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanate potassium 替卡西林 /克拉维酸钾 cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine

26、 头孢拉啶cefaclor头孢克洛 cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮 /舒巴坦ceftriaxone头孢曲松cefpiramide头孢吡啶ceftazidime头孢他定ceftizoxime头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin亚胺培南 /西司他丁钠 泰能 tienam Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin万古霉素 norvancomycin去甲万古霉素teicoplanin替考拉林Mac

27、rolides 大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin罗红霉素clarithromycin克拉霉素azithromycin阿奇霉素erythromycin红霉素Aminoglycosideantibiotics:氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibitinitiationand elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin阿米卡星丁胺卡那gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole com

28、pound SMZ.CO Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNA gyrase欢迎下载精品学习资源norfloxacin诺氟沙星ofloxacin氧氟沙星levofloxacin左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin加替沙星moxifloxacin莫西沙星 ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Tetracycline四环素类 minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole硝基咪唑类metronidazole甲硝唑tinidazole替硝唑ornidazole奥硝唑Antitubercular agents 抗结核药rifampicin利福平rifapentine利福喷丁i

29、soniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH异烟肼pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin两性霉素 Bfluconazole氟康唑voriconazole伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agents ribavirin利巴韦林oseltamivir奥司他韦 acyclovir阿昔洛韦 ganciclovir更昔洛韦 valaciclovir伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosp

30、honoformic acid膦甲酸钠可耐lamivudine拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharideLPS脂多糖antibiotics抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs ： extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱 B 内酰胺酶M

31、RSA ： methicillin-resistantstaphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症 toxemia毒血症11/14欢迎下载精品学习资源endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症 pyemia 脓毒血症 pathogen 致病原 pathogenicity致病性virulence毒力median lethal dose LD50半数致死量median infective dose ID50半数感染量virus 病毒replication复制viremia病毒血症normalmicrobiota,microfl

32、ora,normalflora,physiologicalmicrobiota正常微生物群flora disequilibrium菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection时机性感染conditioned infection条件致病性感染endogenous infection内源性感染exogenous infection外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing药物敏锐试验 minimum inhibitory concentration MIC最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal

33、concentration MBC最小杀菌浓度disinfection消毒 sterilization灭菌 asepsis 无菌 aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV紫外线isolation precaution隔离预防artificial active immu

34、nization人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种 killed/inactivated vaccine死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine减毒活疫苗toxoid类毒素artificial passive immunity人工被动免疫antitoxin抗毒素gammaglobulin丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pne

35、umococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridansstreptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichiacoli大肠埃希菌Klebsiellapneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Legionella军团杆菌属欢迎下载精品学习资源Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 一般变形杆菌Acinebacter不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria

36、 gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium痢疾杆菌 Salmonella typhi伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypica

37、l mycobacteria非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae麻风分枝杆菌 Anaerobic bacterial厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile艰巨梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Ac

38、tinomyces放线菌属Treponema pallidum梅毒螺旋体惨白密螺旋体Venereal disease reference laboratory VDRL Rapid plasma regain RPRMycoplasma pneumoniae肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections呼吸道病毒Influenza virus流感病毒Parainfluenza virus副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Co

39、ronavirus冠状病毒Severe acute respiratorysyndrome,SARSAdenovirus腺 病 毒 Rubellavirus风 疹 病 毒Rhinovirus鼻病毒Enterovirus肠道病毒Rotavirus轮状病毒hepatitis B virus乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever病毒性出血热欢迎下载精品学习资源Herpes simplex virus, HSV单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV水痘 -带状疱疹病毒C

40、ytomegalovirus, CMV巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6人疱疹病毒 6 型Human papillomaviruses, HPV人乳头状瘤病毒 Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV人 T 淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia成人 T 细胞性白血病Rabies virus风疹病毒 Fungu

41、s 真菌 Yeast 酵母 Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton毛癣菌属Epidermophyton表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus曲霉菌Mucor毛霉菌属欢迎下载