2022年本科毕业设计方案中英文翻译现浇楼板裂缝的产生与防治.docx

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1、roductionandpreventionandcureofthecrackof skyscraperAlong with the speeding of town house construction step, not a few areas with small residencesset up one after another, many inhabitants move continuously into the new residence, their quality to housing request is more and more high, particularly

2、pay attention to very much to some cracks circumstances which sprinkle building plank to appear now, worry these cracks aring end will cause insecurity trouble, but in succession to building quality direct the section hurl tell.Such as once the some city develop a company to set up 6 layers of floor

3、 residence 16 totally, constructing area about 100,000 square meters, the brick mixs structure, the beginning repairs, one steps 2 box off withthe brick wall, each ones establishing a turn of beam together building plank is togetherwhole to sprinkle, the plank thick 100 mms, concrete mark number is

4、C20, house long about with 80-90 ms, dont establish flexible sew, first floor is the 2.2 m garage layer, the C20 reinforcing bar cage of the foundation adoption infuses to note a stake.Its small areas turn to complete work in October,2003, finishing construction acceptance,didnt discover obvious cra

5、ck, discover the building plank appears crack when the inhabitant repair, past jointly to quality direct the section hurl tell, through step to see on the spot, 16 houses all exist the depth different crack.The crack width is between the 0.2 mms mms-0.4ses, the great majority of the crack position i

6、s placed in plank four Capes, the dynasty sun is more obvious.Hence, the Superintendent office of quality concerned, sinking to decline quantity and inclination degree to carry on a reexamination to the house first, result all in allow the scope, again look into construction diagram paper to also ma

7、tch to request concerning the norm.Owing to above-mentioned circumstance, pass by hard analytical, the confirmation crack reason has the following what time:1, cause now main reason of sprinkling the plank crack is the constringency of concrete, the concrete is in the nature the hardening the proces

8、s, because water evaporates continuously, but the physical volume gradual constringency, but the plank is on all sides to be subjected to a stipulation of, cant flex freely, so when the constringency of concrete cause to sprinkle knothole stipulation now should the dint exceed certain limit, certanl

9、y will cause to sprinkle plank to open crack now.And the crack part take place much at should the dint more concentrated Cape in the place- plank, but is mutually perpendicular with the Overcast angle line of wall2, construct too early on the cast-in-place board , add and carry on ones shoulder or b

10、ack the crack caused. norm of inspection of quality of structural construction of concrete stipulates , before the concrete intensity reaches 1.2N/mm2, cant trample or install template and support on it . But developer , for race against time , catch up with progress , or concrete at , congeal and c

11、ongeal stage after all for the first timestill in water at the good cast-in-place board just, take up the post of purpose to trample, carry the material , concentrate on piling up fragment of brick , mortar ,9 / 9template ,etc. Premature adding and is carried on ones shoulder or back, has caused the

12、 crack of cast-in-place board artificially.3, the crack which the temperature change causes. As everybody knows, the cement condensesand hardens fast at room temperature, the characteristic such as being great of heat of hydration, especially in summer, after the concrete is built, the release amoun

13、t of the heat of hydration is great, the concrete is under the high temperature, cant get and water maintenance in time , and desiccate and shrink, make concrete take place dry to split , result in fracturing finally. Investigation find in the majority board corner crack in , tan by the sun towards

14、the front directly the sun.4, the house is crossed too long to set up the essential expansion joint , is the reason which causes the crack too. The developer is in order to save the land, often take the length of the house into account , make the house whole too long, set up expansion joint either,

15、because of lack essential expansion joint, freedom flexible degree in house reach or exceed should set up interval that expansion joint require , will present the crack too.5, the board is defeated by the muscle and sunk in the crack produced . In the course ofconstructing, because constructors oper

16、ate barbarously, tramplethe reinforcing bar arbitrarily , cause and shoulder the muscle and sink, the antiabrasion layer is too big, reduce the sectional effective height of the board, make the bearing capacity of the board unable to reach the requirement of ones that design, thus cause the producti

17、on of the crack of board.Effective height, make the bearing capacity of the board unable to reach the requirement of ones that design, thus cause the production of the crack of board. How to prevent and cure the production of the board crack ofcast-in-place board, according to the construction exper

18、ience for many years, offer some following prevention measures, suitable for consulting :1, Do well cast-in-place board maintain , work , guaranteeconcrete intensity , prevent and cure important link that crack produce one of conscientiously. The norm stipulates , must cover and keep maintenance war

19、m in 12 hours after the concrete is built at room temperature, ordinary cement is no less than 7 days, if the one that ignored to concrete watered maintenance, on one hand it reduce concrete intensity, on the other hand it make concrete to be in the course of hardening too late to supplement the moi

20、sture, therefore lack water and produce the crack in a large amount. So do a good job of watering maintenance of concrete , can already reduce the crack that temperature produces , can also reduce the crack that the concrete shrink and produce .2, cast-in-place board dont pass morning people , pile

21、material , He Shi load ,because concrete have a sclerosis course build , just have intensi；ty In this course ,should maintain the concrete , cant exert any external force to the concrete . In a situation that the concrete has not had certain intensity yet , concentrate on , pile up construction mate

22、rial or prop up mould stand , rest on it, that brought the cast-in-place board is not intensity like this, but more cracks. So, must make sure that just allow to trample or install template and support on it after the concrete intensity reaches 1.2N/mm2.3, shoulder thickness of antiabrasion layer of

23、 the muscle the strict control panel .Cast-in-place board shoulder muscle put , on board , have roof beam according to designing requirement through generally put on reinforcing bar of roof beam or stay with reinforcing bar lashing of roof beam cut off ,. For control good to shoulder muscle antiabra

24、sion layer thickness , must adopt 10- 14 reinforcing bar horse stool, vertical-horizontal interval 800mm come fixed position to shoulder muscle from side to side, and with electric welding horse with shoulder muscle weld firm stool, make horse to be stool while the concrete builds non-wiping, guaran

25、tee , shoulder muscle sink, control , shoulder muscle thickness of antiabrasion layer effectively , make board shoulder muscle antiabrasion layer cross thick producing cracking.4, control good sand , stone in a foot-path and mud content strictly. The thick sand in the cast-in-place board should be s

26、elected for use, a stone of foot-path between 0.25-0.5mm, the mud content of grit cant exceed 1% . Sand, stone grains of foot-path careful and too light, mud content too big, willreduce concrete intensity, will make the concrete produce the crack finally.5, dispose certain amounts of angle muscles i

27、n four corners of the board , radiate the muscle . Take place in board corner phenomenon this more to cast-in-place board crack, corner set up all around in boardThe length radiates the muscle for about1800mm, so as to meet demands of angle stress of the board, the stress sphere of action of making

28、the cast-in-place board produce the crack conforms with radiation muscle, thus change and control the production of the crack effectivelyforced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewReinSince the reform and opening up, with the national economys rapid and sustained development of a reinforce

29、d concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significanc

30、e.Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three

31、types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working en

32、vironment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency.1、 steel mechanical link1.1 radial squeeze linkWill be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment squeeze tongs along steel slee

33、ve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liangs Position will be two solid steel bars linkedCharacteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performan

34、ce reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.Easy and simple to handle, construction fast, save energy and material, comprehensive economy profitable, this method has been already a large amount of application in the project.Applicable scope : Suitable for

35、 , , grade reinforcing bar includingwelding bad reinforcing bar with ribbing of- 50mm, con1n8ection between thesame diameter or different diameters reinforcing bar .1.2 must squeeze linkExtruders used in the covers, reinforced axis along the cold metal sleeve squeeze dedicated to insert sleeve Lane

36、two hot rolling steel drums into a highly integrated mechanical linking methods.Characteristic: Easy to operate and joining fast and not having flame homework , can construct for 24 hours , save a large number of reinforcing bars and energy.Applicable scope : Suitable for , set up according to first

37、 and second classantidetonation requirement p- roof armored concrete structure , gradereinforcing bar with ribbing of hot rolling of 20- 32mm join and construct live.1.3 cone thread connectingUsing cone thread to bear pulled, pressed both effort and self-locking nature, undergo good principles will

38、be reinforced by linking into cone-processing thread at the moment the value of integration into the joints connecting steel bars.Characteristic: Simple , all right preparatory cut of the craft , connecting fast, concentricity is good, have pattern person who restrain from advantage reinforcing bar

39、carbon content.Applicable scope : Suitable for the concrete structure of the industry , civilbuilding and general structures, reinforcing bar diameter is for- 40mm for the the 16one , grade verticality, it is the oblique to or reinforcing bars horizontal join construct live.conclusionsThese are now

40、commonly used to connect steel synthesis methods, which links technology in the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries are widely used. There are different ways to connect their different characteristics and scope of the actual construction of production depending on the specific project

41、choose a suitable method of connecting to achieve both energy conservation and saving time limit for a project ends.References1 、construction manual write the group. Construction manual. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 1992.2 、JGJ107-96 reinforcing bar machinery connects the common techn

42、ical regulation 3 GB 1499-91 The armored concrete uses the reinforcing bar.4 、GB with ribbing of hot rolling 13013-91 The armored concrete uses the round reinforcing bar of hot calendaring.现浇楼板裂缝的产生与防治随着城市住宅建设步伐的加快，不少住宅小区相继建成，很多住户间续搬进新居，他们对住房的质量要求越来越高，特别对一些现浇楼板显现的裂缝情形特别关注，担忧这些裂缝最终会引发担心全事故，而纷纷向建筑质量监督

43、部门投诉；如某市一开发商共建 6 层楼住宅 16 幢，建筑面积约 10 万平方 M，砖混结构，初装修，一梯二户用砖墙分隔，每层设有圈梁同楼板整浇，板厚 100mm，混凝土标号为 C20，房屋长约 80-90m 之间，不设伸缩缝，底层为 2.2m 车库层，基础采纳 C20 钢筋笼灌注桩；该小区于 2003 年 10 月完工，竣工验收时， 未发觉明显裂缝，在住户装修时，发觉楼板有裂缝显现，故联名向质量监督部门投诉，经实地踏看， 16 幢房屋均存在深浅不一的裂缝；裂缝宽度在0.2mm- 0.4mm 之间，裂缝位置绝大多数处在板四角，朝阳处更为明显；于是，质监部门组织有关单位，第一对房屋沉降量和倾斜度

44、进行复查，结果都在答应范畴内，再查看施工图纸也符合有关规范要求；鉴于上述情形，经过仔细分析，确认裂缝缘由有以下几点：1、引起现浇板裂缝的主要缘由是混凝土的收缩，由于混凝土在自然硬化过程中，由于水份不断蒸发，而体积慢慢收缩，但板四周受支座的约束，不能自由伸缩，所以当混凝土的收缩所引起现浇板的约束应力超过肯定限度时，势必引发觉浇板开裂；而且裂缝部位多发生在应力比较集中的地方板角处，却与墙阴角线相垂直；2、现浇板上过早施工，加荷引起的裂缝；混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范规定，混凝土强度达到1.2N/mm2 前，不得在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架；但开发商为了抢时间，赶进度，在刚浇好的现浇板上或混凝土尚处

45、在初凝 和终凝阶段，就任意踩踏，搬运材料，集中堆放砖块、砂浆、模板等；过早的 加荷，人为地造成了现浇板裂缝；3、温度变化引起的裂缝；大家知道，水泥在常温下具有凝聚硬化快，水化热大等特点，特别在夏天，混凝土浇筑后，水化热释放量大，混凝土在高温 下，得不到准时浇水养护，而失水收缩，使混凝土发生干裂，最终导致开裂；调查中发觉，居多板角裂缝都处在遭受太阳直接曝晒的朝阳面；4、房屋过长未设置必要的伸缩缝，也是导致裂缝的缘由；开发商为了节约土地，往往不顾及房屋长度，使房屋整体过长，也不设置伸缩缝，由于缺少必要的伸缩缝，当房屋的自由伸缩度达到或超过应设置伸缩缝要求的间距时，也会显现裂缝；5、板负筋下沉产生的

46、裂缝；在施工过程中，由于施工人员野蛮操作，任意踩踏钢筋，致使负筋下陷，爱护层过大，削减了板截面的有效高度，使板的承载才能达不到设计的要求，从而导致板裂缝的产生；如何防治现浇板板裂缝的产生，依据多年的施工体会，供应以下一些防治措施，可供参考：1、仔细做好现浇板养护工作，是保证混凝土强度、防治裂缝产生的重要环 节之一；规范规定，常温下混凝土浇筑后12 小时内，必需掩盖保温养护，一般水泥不少于 7 天，假如忽视对混凝土的浇水养护，一方面会降低混凝土强度， 另一方面会使混凝土在硬化过程中来不及补充水分，因而大量缺水而产生裂缝；所以做好混凝土的浇水养护，既可削减温度产生的裂缝，也可降低混凝土收缩而产生的

47、裂缝；2、现浇板上不要过早上人、堆料、施荷加载，因混凝土浇筑后要有一个硬化过程，才会有强度；在这个过程中，应对混凝土加以保养，不能对混凝土施 加任何外力；假如在混凝土尚未有肯定强度的情形下，在其上面集中堆放建筑 材料或支模立撑，这样带给现浇板的不是强度，而是更多的裂缝；因此，必需 做到在混凝土强度达到1.2N/mm2以后，才答应在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架；3、严格掌握板面负筋爱护层厚度；现浇板负筋按设计要求都放在板上面， 有梁通过或隔断时一般放置在梁钢筋上面或与梁钢筋绑扎在一起；为了掌握好负筋爱护层厚度，必需采纳 10- 14 的钢筋马凳，纵横间距 800mm左右来固定负筋的位置，并用电焊把马

48、凳与负筋焊牢，使马凳在混凝土浇筑过程中不移位，保证负筋不下沉，从而有效掌握负筋爱护层的厚度，不使板负筋爱护层过厚而产生裂缝；4、严格掌握好砂、石粒径及含泥量；现浇板应选用中粗砂，粒径在0.25-0.5mm之间的石子，砂石含泥量均不得超过1；如砂、石粒径过细过小，含泥量过大，都会降低混凝土强度，最终会使混凝土产生裂缝；5、在板四角配置肯定数量的角筋，即辐射筋；针对现浇板裂缝多发生在板 角这一现象，在板角四周增设 8200m，m长度为 1800mm左右的辐射筋，以此来满意板角应力的需要，使现浇板产生裂缝的应力作用范畴与辐射筋相一样，从而有效地改观和掌握裂缝的产生；钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋连接综述改革开放以来，随着国民经济的快速、长久进展，各种钢筋混凝土建筑结构大量建造，钢筋连接技术得到很大的进展；因此，推广应用先进的钢筋连接技术，对于提高工程质量、加快施工速度、提高劳动生产率、降低成本，具有特别重要的意义；钢筋连接技术可分为钢筋焊接和钢筋机械连接两大类；钢筋焊接有6 种焊接方法，有的适用于预制厂，有的适用于现场施工，有的两者都适用；钢筋机械连接常用有3 种方法，主要适用于现场施工；各种方法有其自身特点和不同的适用范畴，并在不断进展和改进；在实际生产中，应依据详细的工作条件、工作环境和技术要求，选用合适的方法以期达