2022年机电一体化技术现状和发展趋势中英文浅谈.docx

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1、精品学习资源机电一体化技术现状和进展趋势中英文浅谈Mechanical and electrical integration technology present situation and development trend现代科学技术的不断进展,极大地推动了不同学科的交叉与渗透,工程领域的技术改造与革命；在机械工程领域 ,由于微电子技术和运算机技术的快速进展及其向机械工业的渗透所形成的机电一体化 ,使机械工业的技术结构、产品结构、功能与构成、生产方式及治理体系发生了庞大变化 ,使工业生产由“机械电气化”迈入以“机电一体化”为特点的进展阶段；The continuous developmen

2、t of modern science and technology, greatly promote the intersection and infiltrationofdifferentsubjects, technicaltransformationand revolutioninthe fieldof engineering.Inthefieldofmechanicalengineering,duetotherapiddevelopmentof microelectronics technology and computer technology to the penetration

3、 of mechanical industryand mechanical and electricalintegration,formedby the technologyof mechanical industry structure, product structure, function and structure, great changes have taken place in production modeand management system,the industrialproductionbythe mechanicalelectrification entering

4、the stage of development characterized by mechatronics .1 机电一体化概述1 summary of electromechanical integration机电一体化是指在机构的主功能、动力功能、信息处理功能和掌握功能上引进电子技术,将机械装置与电子化设计及软件结合起来所构成的系统的总称；Electromechanical integration refers to the agencys main function, dynamic function, information processingand controlfunction

5、sonthe introductionofelectronictechnology,combining mechanical device and electronic design and software of the floorboard of the system.机电一体化进展至今已经成为一门有着自身体系的新型学科,随着科学技术的不断进展,仍将被赐予新的内容；但其基本特点可概括为:机电一体化是从系统的观点动身,综合运用机械技术、微电子技术、自动掌握技术、运算机技术、信息技术、传感测控技术及电力电子技术, 依据系统功能目标要求,合理配置与布局各功能单元,在多功能、高质量、高牢靠性、低能

6、耗的意义上实现特定功能价值,并使整个系统最优化的系统工程技术；由此而产生的功能系统,就成为一个机电一体化系统或机电一体化产品；因此,“机电一体化”涵盖“技术”和“产 品”两个方面；机电一体化技术是基于上述群体技术有机融合的一种综合技术,而不是机械技术、微电子技术及其它新技术的简洁组合、拼凑；这是机电一体化与机械加电气所形成欢迎下载精品学习资源的机械电气化在概念上的根本区分；机械工程技术由纯技术进展到机械电气化,仍属传统机械,其主要功能依旧是代替和放大的体系；但是,进展到机电一体化后,其中的微电子装置除可取代某些机械部件的原有功能外,仍被赐予很多新的功能,如自动检测、自动处理信息、自 动显示记录

7、、自动调剂与掌握、自动诊断与爱护等；也就是说,机电一体化产品不仅是人的手与肢体的延长 ,仍是人的感官与头脑的延长,智能化特点是机电一体化与机械电气化在功能 上的本质区分；Electromechanical integration development has become a has its own system of new subject, with the continuous development of science and technology, willalso be given new content. But its basiccharacteristicscanbe s

8、ummarizedas: electromechanicalintegrationfromasystem perspective, integrateduse of mechanical technology, microelectronicstechnology, automatic control technology, computer technology, informationtechnology, the sensor measurement and controltechnology and power electronictechnology, in accordance w

9、ith the requirements of system functiongoal, reasonable configurationand layout of each functionunit in the multi- function,high quality, highreliability,lowenergy consumptionsense, realize the value of a specific function, and optimize the whole system of systems engineering technology. As a functi

10、onofthe system, then become a mechatronics system ormechanical and electricalintegration products.Therefore,mechatronicscoverstwoaspectsoftechnologyandproduct. Mechanical and electrical integration technology is based on the group technology of organic integration of a comprehensive technology, rath

11、er than mechanical technology, microelectronics technology and other new technology of simple combination and piece together. This is formed by mechanical and electrical integration and the mechanical and electrical mechanical electrificationon the concept of fundamental difference. Mechanical engin

12、eering technology has developed from a pure technology to mechanical electrification, still belongs to the traditional machinery, its main function is to replace and amplification system. But, after the development to the mechanical andelectricalintegration,one ofthe microelectronicdevices in additi

13、onto replace some of the mechanical parts of the originalfunction,and was endowed with many new features, such as automatic detection, automatic processing information,automatic display, automatic adjustment and control, automatic diagnosis and protection, etc. That is to say, is not only the hand o

14、f the electromechanical integration products and an extension of the body, or an extension of the human senses and mind,intelligenceis characterized by mechanicaland electricalintegrationand mechanical electrification on the function of the essential differences between.2 机电一体化的进展状况2 development of

15、electromechanical integration机电一体化的进展大体可以分为三个阶段:120 世纪 60 岁月以前为第一阶段 ,这一阶段称为初级阶段；在这一时期,人们自觉不自觉地利用电子技术的初步成果来完善机械产品的性能；特殊是在其次次世界大战期间,战争刺激了机械产品与电子技术的结合,这些机电结合的军用技术 ,战后转为民用 ,对战后经济的复原起到了积极的作用；那时,研制和开发从总体上欢迎下载精品学习资源看仍处于自发状态；由于当时电子技术的进展尚未达到肯定水平,机械技术与电子技术的结 合仍不行能广泛和深化进展,已经开发的产品也无法大量推广；220 世纪 70 80 岁月为其次阶段 ,可

16、称为蓬勃进展阶段；这一时期,运算机技术、掌握技术、通信技术的进展,为机电一体化的进展奠定了技术基础；大规模、超大规模集成电路和微型运算机的显现,为机电一体化的进展供应了充分的物质基础；这个时期的特点是:mechatronics 一词第一在日本被普遍接受 ,大约到 20 世纪 80 岁月末期在世界范畴内得到比较广泛的承认；机电一体化技术和产品得到了极大进展；各国均开头对机电一体化技术和产品赐予很大的关注和支持；320 世纪 90 岁月后期 ,开头了机电一体化技术向智能化方向迈进的新阶段,机电一体化进入深化 进展时期；一方面 ,光学、通信技术等进入机电一体化,微细加工技术也在机电一体化中崭露头脚

17、,显现了光机电一体化和微机电一体化等新分支；另一方面,对机电一体化系统的建模设计、分析和集成方法 ,机电一体化的学科体系和进展趋势都进行了深化讨论；同时,人工智能技术、神经网络技术及光纤技术等领域取得的庞大进步,为机电一体化技术开创了进展的广 阔天地；这些讨论 ,使机电一体化进一步建立了坚实的基础,并且逐步形成完整的学科体系；Electromechanical integration development can be roughly divided into three stages: 1 until the 1960 s for the first stage, this stage i

18、s called the primary stage. In this period, people consciously or unconsciously use the preliminary results of electronic technology to improve the mechanicalperformance of the product. Especiallyduring the second worldwar, the war stimulated the combinationof mechanical products and electronictechn

19、ology, the electricaland mechanical combination of military technology, after the war to civilian use, played a positive role in post-war economic recovery. At that time, the research and development from the overall is still in the spontaneous condition. Because at that time, the development of ele

20、ctronic technology has yet to reach a certain level, the combination of mechanical technology and electronic technology also could not have extensive and in-depth development, has developed a large number of promotion products cannot. 2 70-80 - s of the 20th century to the second phase, can be calle

21、d a stage of vigorousdevelopment. Duringthis period,the development ofcomputertechnology, control technology, communicationtechnology, laid the technical foundationforthe development of electromechanical integration.Large-scale, the emergence of very large scale integrated circuit and a microcompute

22、rfor the development of electromechanical integrationprovides sufficient material basis. This period is characterized by: the term mechatronics first in Japan is generally accepted, approximatelytothe late 1980 s, get more widelyacknowledgedthroughoutthe world ；Mechanicalandelectricalintegrationtech

23、nologiesandproductsobtainedgreatdevelopment； All countries began to electromechanical integration technology and products togive great attention and support. 3 in the late 1990 s, started a new stage of electromechanical integrationtechnologytotheintelligentdirection,electromechanicalintegrationinto

24、the development period. On the one hand, optics and communication technology into the mechanical and electricalintegration,microprocessing technologyalso come in mechatronics, appeared photo-mechanic-electronicintegrationandmicro-electro-mechanicalintegrationofnew branches； On the other hand, the mo

25、deling of the mechanical and electrical integration of system design, analysis, and integration method, mechanical and electrical integration of subject systemand development trend were studied. At the same time,the artificialintelligencetechnology, neural network technology and optical fiber techno

26、logy in areas such as the great progress, for mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a wide space for the development of. These studies, make the mechanical and electrical integrationfurther established the solid欢迎下载精品学习资源foundation, and gradually formed a complete scientific

27、 system.我国是从20 世纪 80 岁月初才开头进行这方面的讨论和应用；国务院成立了机电一体化领导小组 ,并将该技术列入“863 方案”中；在制定“九五”规划和2021 年进展纲要时充分考虑了国际上关于机电一体化技术的进展动向和由此可能带来的影响；很多大专院校、讨论机构及一些大中型企业对这一技术的进展及应用做了大量的工作,取得了肯定成果；但与日本等先进国家相比 ,仍有相当差距；From the early 1980 s in our country started to the research and application. Established the mechanical an

28、d electrical integration of leading group of the state council,and the technology included in the 863 project.In formulating the ninth five-year plan and development plan in 2021 when fully considering the international on the development trend of the electromechanicalintegrationtechnologyand the li

29、kelyimpactof.Manyuniversitiesand colleges,research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises to the development of this technology and its application to do a lot of work, has obtained certain results. But compared with Japan and other advanced countries, there are still quite a gap.3 机电一体

30、化的进展趋势3 the development trend of electromechanical integration机电一体化是集机械、电子、光学、掌握、运算机、信息等多学科的交叉综合,它的进展和进步依靠并促进相关技术的进展；机电一体化的主要进展方向大致有以下几个方面:Mechatronics is a collection of machinery, electronics, optics, control, computer, information and other multi-disciplinary overlapping comprehensive, its develo

31、pment and progress depend on and promote the development of related technologies. Mechanical and electrical integrationof the main development direction to roughly the following several aspects:3.1 智能化3.1 intelligent智能化是 21 世纪机电一体化技术的一个重要进展方向；人工智能在机电一体化的讨论中日益得到重视 ,机器人与数控机床的智能化就是重要应用之一；这里所说的“智能化”是对机器

32、行为的描述 ,是在掌握理论的基础上,吸取人工智能、运筹学、运算机科学、模糊数学、心理学、生理学和混沌动力学等新思想、新方法,使它具有判定推理、规律思维及自主决策等才能 ,以求得到更高的掌握目标；诚然,使机电一体化产品具有与人完全相同的智能,是不行能的 ,也是不必要的；但是 ,高性能、高速度的微处理器使机电一体化产品赋有低级智能或者人的部分智能 ,就是完全可能而且必要的；Intelligent mechanical and electrical integration technology in the 21st century is an important development direc

33、tion. In the study of mechanical and electrical integration of artificial intelligence is increasingly get attention, robot and intelligent nc machine tool is one of the欢迎下载精品学习资源important application.Here intelligenceis the description of machine behavior, is in control theory, on the basis of abso

34、rption, fuzzy mathematics, artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, psychology, physiology and chaotic dynamics, new ideas, new methods, suchas giving it a judgment, reasoning, logical thinking and independent decision making ability, in order to get a higher control target. A

35、dmittedly, make intelligent mechatronics products have exactly the same with people, is impossible and also unnecessary. However, high performance, high speed microprocessors make mechanical and electrical integration products possess low intelligence or one part of the intelligence, it is entirely

36、possible and necessary.3.2 模块化3.2 modular模块化是一项重要而艰难的工程；由于机电一体化产品种类和生产厂家繁多,研制和开发具有标准机械接口、电气接口、动力接口和环境接口等的机电一体化产品单元是一项特别复杂但又特别重要的事情；如研制集减速、智能调速、电机于一体的动力单元,具有视觉、图像处理、识别和测距等功能的掌握单元,以及各种能完成典型操作的机械装置等；有了这些标准单元就可快速开发出新产品,同时也可以扩大生产规模；为了达到以上目的,仍需要制定各项标准 ,以便于各部件、单元的匹配；由于利益冲突,近期很难制定出国际或国内这方面的标准 ,但可以通过组建一些大企业逐

37、步形成；明显,从电气产品的标准化、系列化带来的好处可以确定 ,无论是对生产标准机电一体化单元的企业,仍是对生产机电一体化产品的企业,模块化将给机电一体化企业带来美好的前程；Modularity is an important and arduous engineering. Due to mechanical and electrical integration products and manufacturers,research and developmenthas a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power

38、and environment interface mechanical and electrical integration of the productunitis a verycomplicatedbut itis veryimportantthing.Asresearch integrating deceleration, intelligent control of motor speed, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions

39、 of the control unit, can be done as well as a varietyof typical operating machinery, etc. With the standard unit can rapidly develop new products, atthe same time also can expand the scale of production. In order to achieve above, also need to set standards, so that the matching of parts and units.

40、 Due to conflictsof interest, recentlyit is difficultto make a domestic or international standards in this respect, but it can be gradually formed through the formation of large enterprises. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure,the benefits of standardization and seriation of standard mech

41、anical and electrical integration units for production enterprises, or enterprises of electromechanical integration products, modular will bring bright future to electromechanical integration enterprise.3.3 网络化3.3 the network20 世纪 90 岁月 ,运算机技术等的突出成就是网络技术；网络技术的兴起和飞速进展给科学技术、工业生产、政治、军事、训练等日常生活都带来了庞大的变革

42、；各种网络将全球经欢迎下载精品学习资源济、生产连成一片 ,企业间的竞争也将全球化；机电一体化新产品一旦研制出来,只要其功能独到、质量牢靠 ,很快就会畅销全球；由于网络的普及,基于网络的各种远程掌握和监视技术 方兴未艾 ,而远程掌握的终端设备本身就是机电一体化产品；现场总线和局域网技术的应用使家用电器网络化已成大势,利用家庭网络 home net将各种家用电器连接成以运算机为中心的运算机集成家电系统computer integrated appliance system,CIAS, 能使人们呆在家里就可共享各种高技术带来的便利与欢乐；因此,机电一体化产品无疑将朝着网络化方向进展；In the 1

43、990 s, computer technology and so on the prominent achievement is network technology. The rise of the networktechnology and the rapid development forscience and technology, industrial production, dailylife such as politics, military, education have brought huge changes.Various network to the global

44、economy, the production, a joint enterprise between the competition will be the globalization. Mechanical and electrical integration of new products, once developed, as long as its original functions, and reliable quality, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of network, all kind

45、s of remote control and monitoring technology based on network isflourishing,and remote control terminal device itself is electromechanical integration products. The applicationoffieldbusand networktechnologymake home appliances networkinghas become a trend, using the home networkhome net willallkin

46、ds ofhousehold appliances connected to the computer as the center of computer integrated electronics system computer integrated appliance system, CIAS, can make people stay at home and can share all kinds of high technology bring convenience and happy. Therefore, electromechanical integration produc

47、ts will undoubtedly in the direction of network development.3.4 微型化3.4 miniaturization微型化兴起于 20 世纪 80 岁月末 ,指的是机电一体化向微型机器和微观领域进展的趋势；国外称其为微电子机械系统MEMS, 泛指几何尺寸不超过1cm3 的机电一体化产品,并向微M 、纳 M级进展；微机电一体化产品体积小,耗能少 ,运动敏捷 ,在生物医疗、军事、信息等方面具有无可比拟的优势；微机电一体化进展的瓶颈在于微机械技术；微机电一体化产品的加工采纳精细加工技术,即超精密技术 ,它包括光刻技术和蚀刻技术两类；Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the electromechanical integration to the trend of the development of the micro machine and micro field. Abroad as microelectronic mechanicalsystem MEMS,refers to the geometric size ofno more than 1 cm3 of electromechanical integration products, and