2022年国际商务英语简要和课后答案.docx

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1、精品学习资源Business Knowledge:International Businessassets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment 证券投资 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.欢迎下载精品学习资源The major differences between international businessand dome

2、stic businessA. Differences in legal systemsB. Differences in currenciesC. Differences in cultural backgroundD. Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA. Tradea. Commodity tradeb. Service tradeB. Investmenta. Foreign direct investmentb. Portfolio investm

3、entC. Other typesa. Licensing and franchisingb. Management contract and contract manufacturingc. Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1. Customs area 关税区 :2. Conversion 货币兑换3. Visibletrade 有 形 贸 易 : The formofcommoditytrade,i.e. exportingand importinggoods produced or manufactured in one country for c

4、onsumption or resale in another. including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade4. Invisibletrade 无形贸易 : The form of transportation, communication,banking,7. Stocks 股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds 债券 : The papers issued by a government or a firmwith promise to pay bac

5、k the money lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity （票据等）到期10. Certificate of deposit 大额存单11. Licensing 许可经营 : In licensing,a firmleases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat b

6、usiness, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12. Franchising 特许经营 : Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in thename of another, franchiserwho provides the formerwithtrademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark 商标14. Patent 专利15. R

7、oyalty 专利（许可）使用费，版税16. Copyright 版权17. Licenser 许可方18. Licensee 被许可方19. Franchiser 特许方 : A firmwho provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特许方 : A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract 治理合同 :

8、Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another withina particularperiod for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain 价值链欢迎下载精品学习资源insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorservice23. Turnkey

9、project交钥“匙 ”工程 : For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a欢迎下载精品学习资源industries.5.FDI 外国直接投资 : Foreign direct investments. Returns through controllingthe enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquirescontract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the

10、 designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24.BOT 建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer欢迎下载精品学习资源25. Expertise 特地学问26. Bonus 红利、奖金、津贴27. Royalty 许可使用费28. International investment 国际投资 : Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29.

11、 Contract manufacturing 承包生产30. GATT 关贸总协定 : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31. Internationalbusiness 国 际 商务 : Transaction between parties fromdifferent countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of thesame country is also regarded as import and export.32. Int

12、ellectual property 学问产权33. Oil deposit: 石油储备 = oil reserves34. the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35. Personal advancement 个人的晋升，个人素养的提高以及个人事业的进步等；Answer the following questions:1. What does international business refer to. Please tell the differencebetween internationalbusiness anddomesticbusi

13、ness.A: International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Some majordifferences between internationalbusiness and domestic business isfollow

14、ing:(1) Differences in legal systems(2) Differences in currencies(3) Differences in cultural background(4) Different in natural and economic conditions2. Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which isbecoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing

15、proportion in international trade.A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.3. Can you cite some examples to

16、 illustrate cultural differences in internationalbusiness.A:Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage, customs,traditions,religion,value, behavior etc.4. Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference.A: FDI Foreign direct investment is made for returns

17、 through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.5. What is licensing. Why do firms sometimes

18、choose it as a means of entering a foreign market.A: In licensing, a firmleases the rightto use its intellectual property to a firmin another country. Theychoose licensingbecause they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simplyreceive income in the form of royalty. Besides, th

19、ey can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligationsinownershipormanagement. Theuse oflicensingisparticularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.6. What is franchising. How is it different from licensing.A:Underfr

20、anchising,franchisee isallowedto operate inthe name ofanother, franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames, logosand operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for

21、the franchisee.欢迎下载精品学习资源7. What is a management contract. Under what conditions is it most applicable.A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.

22、 When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industriesitconsiders to be ofstrategic importancebut lacksthe expertise for operation,management contractsmaybea practicalchoiceenablingaforeign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.8. What is an international turnkey p

23、roject. In what way is its variant BOT different from it.A:Foran internationalturnkeyproject,a firmsigns a contractwitha foreignpurchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.For a BOT project, a firm operates a fac

24、ilityfora period oftime after buildingit up before finallytransferringit to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey projectTranslate the following sentences into English:1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到很多因素，因而比国内

25、贸易要复杂得多；International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.2. 随着经济一体化进程的进展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在；因此，在此方面具有肯定的学问是特别必要的，这既有益于企业的进展又有益于个人的进步；Withthe developmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeop

26、le or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3. 其他参加国际贸易的形式有治理合同、承包生产和 “交钥匙 ”工程；Otherformsforparticipatingin internationalbusiness are management contract,cont

27、ract manufacturing and turnkey project.4. 国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式显现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售；Internationalbusiness firsttookthe formofcommoditytrade, i.e. exportingand importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resalein another.5. 除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式；Besides

28、 trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.Lesson 2Income Level and the World MarketBusiness Knowledge:(1) GNP and GDP(2) Per capita income and per capita GDP(3) High-income, middle income and low-income countriesA. Stan

29、dards for classificationB. Representative countries(4) Triad and QuadA. United StatesB. Western EuropeC. JapanD. Canada(5) Other important markets for ChinaTrade Terms:1. GNP 国民生产总值 : Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the resid

30、ents of an economy.欢迎下载精品学习资源2. GDP 国内生产总值 : Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income 国民收入4. Per capita income 人均收入5. Per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population,

31、which reveals the average income level of consumers.6. PPP 购买力平价 : Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism 消费主义8. Income distribution收入分布 : The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure 基础设施10. Staple goods 大路货12.11. Invoice （开）发票Creditor country 债权国13. OECD经 合 组织 ， 经济合

32、 作 与开 发组 织 : OrganizationforEconomic Cooperation and Development.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体15. ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs （亚洲四小虎） : Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production 生产要素Answer the following questions:1. Expla

33、in the conceptsof GNP and GDP respectivelyand point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably.A: GNP Gross national Product refers to the market value of goodsand services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP Gross Domestic Product measures t

34、he market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP concentrates on the place where production takes place. The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored s

35、ince it very small in most cases. Therefore,we can use them interchangeably.2. In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of a particular market.A: Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable

36、 equipment or bulk goods grain, steel or cement. Per capita GDPreveals the average incomelevelofconsumers, whichis importantwhen marketing consumer durables.3. Whatare meant byhighincome,middleincome,and low-incomecountries according to the World Bank. Cite some examples for each group.A: High-incom

37、ecountries: those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above. In this group comprise three types of countries ； most members of OECD, rich oil producing countries of the Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions.Middle-incomecountries: those withannual per capita income below$

38、9386 but above $765. Includedin this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members, quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in Afric

39、an.Low-income countries: those that have per capita incomes of only $765or even less. Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group.4. Why are high-income countries important to trade and investment. Should we neglect low-income countries

40、in international business.A: High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, and advanced technology, efficientmanagement and favorable environment fortrade and investment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinat

41、ions of investment.In international trade the low-incomecountries should not be neglected, because they constitute markets for lower-pricedstaple goods, provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business oppor

42、tunities.欢迎下载精品学习资源5. Was China a low-income country a few years ago. How about now.A: China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.6. What does the term“ Triad ” refers to. What is meant by Quad.A: The term Triad ref

43、ers to the three richest regions of the world ； the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.7. How much do you know about OECD. Please make a brief account.A:OECDmeans

44、OrganizationforEconomicCooperation and Development.The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.8. What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunities.A: So far as China is concerned, oth

45、er markets we should pay particular attention toare those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEANcountries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia.These countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising market poten

46、tial. And their geographical proximityto China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with them.Translate the following sentences into English:1. 民生产总值和国内生产总值是说明一国收入的两个重要概念；区分在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家；income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its resident

47、s.3. 世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家；Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high- income, middle-income and low-income economies.4. 中国现在年人均收入为1100 美元以上，但几年前它仍是个低收入国家；China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though itwas a low-income country just a few years ago.5. 就中国来说，四周仍有其他应特殊关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国供应很好的商 机；As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. These countries wi