2022年地质工程专业常用英文词汇.docx

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1、精品学习资源阐述expoundexplain, state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate, certify, attest证明confirmation补偿compensate, make up, imburse算法algorithm判别式discriminant有限元方法finite element methodFEM样本单元法sample element methodS

2、EM赤平投影法stereographic projection methodSPM赤平投影stereographic projection干扰位移法interference displacement methodIDM干扰能量法interference energy methodIEM条分法method of slices极限平稳法limit equilibrium method 界面元法boundary element method 模拟simulate运算程序computer program数值分析numerical analysis运算工作量calculation load解的唯独性un

3、iqueness of solution多层结构模型laminated model非线性nonlinear横观各向同性lateral isotropy各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy非均质性heterogeneity边界条件boundary condition本构方程constitutive equation初始条件initial condition初始状态rest condition岩土工程geotechnical engineering,土木工程civil engineering基础工程foundation engineering最不利滑面the most danger

4、ous slip surface交替alternate掌握论cybernetics大量现场调查mass field surveys组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳固性评判stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer, stratum组构fabric1 地势地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地势地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地势land form地貌geomorpho

5、logy, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度grade地势图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bedchannel冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, streambrook河漫滩floodplainvalley flat阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial

6、fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2 地层岩性地层geostrome stratum, strata岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film

7、软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric掩盖层overburden交叉层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理叶理foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长

8、石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabrictissue矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous欢迎下载精品学习资源岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩熔岩 lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusiveinvade rock喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性

9、岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base batholith岩脉墙dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith laccolite岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite

10、伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltsto

11、ne泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment deposit漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂

12、壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith topsoil黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze污泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay冲积物层alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物层proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物层deluvium残积物层eluvium残积的eluvial风积物层eolian deposits 湖积物层lake deposits 海积物层marine deposits冰川沉积物层glacier driftdeposits崩积物层colluv

13、ial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3 地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfectio

14、nintegrity起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline欢迎下载精品学习资源向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正

15、断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破裂带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理cleavage原生裂隙original jo

16、int次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane脆弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的la

17、minated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated脆弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrityn.Integratev. & a. degree of integrality破裂crumble胶结cement泥化argilliza

18、tion尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破裂crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shapeda.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbedv.Interbeddingn.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size

19、构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4 水文

20、地质条件hydrogeological conditions水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous vapour water液态水l

21、iquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic adsorptive water介质medium间隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure欢迎下载精品学习资源渗透力seepage

22、 pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient水头缺失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层弱透水层aquitard滞水层aquiclu

23、de透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层隔水层aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary 地下分水岭groundwater ridge 粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性

24、渗透性 permeability淋滤溶滤作用 lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶

25、水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件 condition of groundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence 压水试验packer permeability test抽水试验pumping test5 物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanic

26、sn.Physico-mechanicala.屈服准就yield criteria米赛斯屈服准就Von Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Rankings earth pressure theory 剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model 邓肯 -张模型 Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏local shear failure整体剪切破坏general shear failure岩体完整性指数 intactness index of rock mass安全系数factor of safet

27、y埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale杰出周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress附加压力superimposed stress应力放松stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率s

28、pecific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle颗粒级配distribution of grain-size, grain composition, size distribution级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不匀称系数coefficient of non-unifo

29、rmity, variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级gradation, size grading孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio ration间隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening co

30、efficient含水量water content稠度consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittlenessfragility粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity heterogeneity各向同性isotro

31、py各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress欢迎下载精品学习资源有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度peak share strength长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength负摩擦力negativ

32、e skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction内摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝结力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohrs circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of frictionrepose, rest, repose angle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity ，Young s modul

33、us, elastic modulus压缩模量modulus of compressibility变形模量modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus泊松比poisson s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration应变str

34、ain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil超固结土over-consolidated soil被动土压力passive earth pressure 主动土压力active earth pressure 静止土压力earth pressure at rest掩盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial s

35、tress地应力场groundgeostatic stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field纵波longitudinal wave 液化势liquefaction potential 液化指数liquefaction index交角angular岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resi

36、stance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6 工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem定性评判qualitative estimate定量评判quantitative estimate极限平稳法limit equilibrium method不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不匀称位移differential movem

37、ent相对位移relative displacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling倒塌toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slidesliding mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式

38、滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7 工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition 工程地质评判engineering geological evaluation 勘测survey岩

39、芯实行率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD 岩石质量指标rock quality designation程序步骤procedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性讨论阶段feasibility stage 初步设计阶段preliminary stage 施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconna

40、issance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding欢迎下载精品学习资源坑探exploring mining槽探trenching自然建材调查natural materials surveying examination 岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report 鉴定identifi

41、cation, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地势图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profilesection构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质

42、详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section 展现图reveal detail map 节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point spot勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探进