2022年外研版八级英语下册重要知识点归纳.docx

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1、八年级下册英语重要学问点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词： feel 摸起来、look 看起来 、smell 闻起来、 taste尝起来 sound 听起来 ,后接形容词作表语,不能接副词；构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词；The silk dress feels soft.The flowers look very beautiful.Does it smell nice. The song doesn t sounbde noisy.2. What a delicious smell.多么香啊！对名词或名词短语感叹用what感叹句结构： What+ a/an+形容词+ 单数可数名词 + （主语

2、+ 谓语）！ What an interesting book it is. What+ 形容词+ 不行数名词 / 复数名词 + （主语+ 谓语）！ What bad weather it is today.What good students they are.对形容词、 副词或动词感叹用how How + 形容词/ 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！ How fast he is running.How delicious it smells.How I miss the days we spent together. 我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！3.I m afrai句d+子:唯恐I m afra

3、hide has no time today.4. be done 做好了 Is your homework d one.你的作业做好了吗？ Dinner is done.晚饭做好了！5. have a try 试一试；尝一尝6. have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食7. thanks for=thank you for+名词/ 动词-ing；因 而感谢你；Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me .Thank you for inviting me to your party.8. hear from =get /receivleett

4、aer from收到的来信9. can t wait too sdth.迫不及待去做某事I can t wait to see you.10. 人+ spend+ 时间（ in ）doing sth. ；=It takes + 人+ 时间+to d o sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事He spent two days in reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel. 11.too 也（置于句末,前加逗号）also 也 置于居中 be 或情态动词之后 as well 也（置于句末,前不加逗号）12. be proud o

5、f以为豪 My parents are proud of me.13. How d o you feel about+名词/ 动词-ing？ =What d o you think of+名词/ 动词-ing？你觉得 怎么样？How do you feel about the film.=What d o you think of the film.How do you feel about coming to China.=What d o you think of coming to China.14. be afraid of+ 名词/ 动词-ing ：可怕 . I am afaid o

6、fdog/going out at night. be afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to d o sth.可怕做某事13She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sl eep alone at night.15. What does sb. ol ok like. 某人长得怎么样（问外表）答： short/tall/young/prettyWhat is sb like.某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质） 答： quiet/nice/strict/kind.-What does you

7、r English teacher look like. -He is tall with pair of glasses.-What is your English teacher like.-He is strict but friendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或仍没有做过某事的经受或体验,对现在造成的影响；结构： have/has + 动词过去分词 否定 haven t/hasn 动t词+ 过去分词含义：已经 / 曾经做过 仍没有做过 标志词： already、ever、never 、yet、just 等；I have seen the movie.我已经

8、看过这部电影； （我现在明白该电影了；）He has already finished his homework. 他已经完成了作业；（他可以交作业了）We haven t had dinner ye我t. 们仍没有吃晚饭；（我们现在饿）Have you ever entered a speaking competition. 你曾经参与过演讲竞赛吗？（变一般疑问句把 have/has提到句首）Yes, I have./No, I havent.2. enter a competition=take part in a competition参与竞赛3. help sb.to do sth.帮

9、忙某人做某事He often helps me learn English.4. affordsth.买得起某物I can t afford the new bike.afford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事=have enough money to buy sth.She can t afford to go to sch她oo没l. 钱去上学；5. stop to do sth.=stop and then d o sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事I m tired. Let s stop to ha我v累e a了r；es让t. 我们停下来休息一

10、下吧！It s time for class now. Let上课s s时to间p 到tal了kin！g让.我们不要讲话了！6. make up 编写make up a story 编故事make it/them up 代词要放中间 7.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事8. fifteen-year-ol d 十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s ,作定语） fifteen years ol d 十五岁（短语,不能作定语,常作表语）He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-ol d boy.9. at the momen

11、t =now此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10. have/hasbeen to+ 某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来,常与次数连用） have/hasgone to + 某地：到某地去了（人未回, 不能与次数连用 ） have/hasbeen in + 某地：在某地呆 / 逗留（常与 for + 时间段连用） I have been to Hong Kong twice.He isn t here now. He has gone to the USA. We have been in China for 20 years.11. be different from与 .不.同12. find it

12、 + 形容词+ to d o sth. 发觉做某事是 .的（ it 是形式宾语,无义,替代后面不定式） Ifind it easy to l earn maths.我发觉学数学很简洁；Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese. 托尼发觉说汉语很难；13. so far 到目前为止（常用于现在完成时） So far I have l earnt 3 , 000 English words.14. all over the world=around the world 全世界15. count down倒数M31. already 已经（常用于现在完成时确定句句中或句

13、末）I have already knownhimyet 尚,仍（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Has it arrived yet ？just 刚刚（常用于现在完成时确定句句中） They have just arrived.2. What are your up to.=What are you d oing.你在忙什么？3.I m not suhroew to make it .= I m not shuorew I can make it.4. That s wh那y 就是.的缘由了；5. in order to+ 动词原形： 为了 He works so hard in ord

14、 er to get the best score. so that+ 句子=in ord er that+ 句子：为了 He works so hard so that in ord er that he can get the best score.6. there is 现在完成时形式 there has been 已经有/ 存在 there are 现在完成时形式 there have been 已经有/ 存在There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago.7. go around 环绕转8. none

15、of + 名词复数 / 宾格+ 动词（单 / 复形）：没有一个（既指人也指物） no one + 动词（单） =nobody （仅指人,不与 of 连用,常用于 who 提出的问题）None of the students knows the anwer.没有一个同学知道答案；-How many peopl e are there in the room. None.一个也没有（强调数量）No one knows the answer. Who s in the classroo-mN.o one.没有人（强调有没有人）9. be called 被称为 10.a small part of的.

16、一小部分municate with与联系12.finish d oing sth. 完成做某事13.write back 回信M4重要语法：1. 现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去连续到现在乃至将来有多长时 间；常与 “for+时间段 /since+ 时间点 ”、so far、recently（最近）、in the last 10 years（最近十年）等表示连续的时间连用,也用于how long 问句中；I have learnt English for 6 years.He has lived here since he was born. China has changed a

17、lot in the last 30 years.Howlong have you learnt English.特殊留意： 在现在完成时 （二）中,与 “for+时间段 /since+ 时间点 ”或 how long问句中,动词必需为可 连续性动词（learn, stay, live）,不能为 短暂性动词 buy,borrow, die如为,短暂性动词就要转换成连续性动词或短语； 如：buy haveborrow-keep/haveleave-be away die-be deadcome/go/reach be injoin the party- be in the party错误： I

18、have bought the bike for 3 days.buy为短暂性动词,不能与 for + 时间段连用正确： I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.将 buy 改为连续性动词 have2. （问） - How long .多久 .（答） -For + 时间段/since+ 时间点；How long have you been like this. 你这样多久了？I have been ill for about three days. 我生病大约三天了；3. catch a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧take one s temp

19、erat测ur量e温某人的体do exercise 锤炼fast food快餐not usually不常常three times a day一天三次4. be harmful to对 .有.害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5. by doing 通过做 .decide（not ） to do sth. 决心（不）做某事in excellent/bad condition身体状况良好 / 差rid e to work=go to work by bike骑车上班arrive at/in=get to = reach到达with a

20、 smil e on one s f面ac带e 笑脸go for a run 去跑步feel awful感到不适all over浑身；遍及6. too t太o 而不能 The boy itsoo young to go to school. 7.choose sb. to do sth.挑选某人去干某事on the way 在路上M51. It s time动to词do sth.=It s tim（e名fo词r） sth.该做某事的时候了；It s time tohave class.=It s timcelafsosr. play games.=games.eat dinner.=dinne

21、r2. fight （fought foutht ）sb.打某人 fight with sb. 与某人打架 fight for为而战3. fly through飞越climb up爬上4. I want to be someone like him. 我想成为想他那样的人；5. keep doing something 不断做某事keep sb. doing sth. 让某人始终做某事keep sb from doing sth. =stop sb. from d oingsth. 阻挡某人做某事Keep trying, and you ll suc（ce成ed功） . 不断尝试,你就会胜利！

22、6. can t heolipngdsth. 情不自禁做某事Shecouldn t help cryingwhen she heard the news. I can t help missinygou when I see the photos.The little boy can t help dancinwgith the rock music.7. over=more than超过8. win the heart of sb. 赢得某人的心The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl.9. make a terribl e mess 弄得一团糟

23、10. expect to do sth. 期望做某事 I expect to see you soon. 11.ever since + 句子一般过去时 常用于现在完成时）We have known each other ever since we were young.12. in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十岁月in 1980在 1980 年（没有 the 和 s）13. find real life hard to und erstand=find it hard to und erstand real hard发觉现实生活难以懂得find + 宾格+ 形容词+ to d o =

24、find it + 形容词+to d o+ 宾格：发觉做 是的14. as well as=with/and also和；以及；也；像 一样好He can speak English as well as French.他会说英语,也会说法语；Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国；（动词要依据就远原就,与 as well as 前的主语人称和数一样）I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好；e to life 复活/ 复原愤怒16. be popular wit

25、h sb. 收到某人的欢迎17. 几种时态区分 :时态概念谓语动词形式时间标志词一般现在时：常常发生或习惯性地动作动词原形 / 三单oftenusuallysometimes every day/week一般过去式： 过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterdayagojust now ,last week/year现在完成时： 已经或曾经干过某事,对现在的影响have/has+ 过去分词already yetjustnever . 过去发生的动作连续到现在或将来有多久；for+ 时间段、 since+ 时间点, so far, rencentlyM61. take up 占据（空间 / 时

26、间）The desk took up too much room.Playing computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事 He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术；2. find somewhere to sit d own找地方坐下3. a bit of + 不行数名词 = a little ofa bit of food/orange juicea bit of a mess 有点乱a bit + 形容词/ 副词= a littlea bit tired/hungry 区分： not a bit: 一点也不

27、not a little: 很/ 特别4. must 肯定（表估计） It must be really valuabl e. 他肯定很值钱；5. as+ 形容词/ 副词原级+as: 像一样He is as tall as his brother.否定： not as as 不如 .Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in one在s （life某人）一生中7. make sb./sth. + 动词原形 ：使某人 / 某物做某事Donmt ake me laugh.The boss made the worker work for a long time.

28、类似： let sb./sth. + 动词原形：让某人 / 某物做某事8. grow as a person 长大成人9. some others一些另外一些 10. develop oneintserest培育某人的爱好11. as well as=besides 除了 .之. 外,仍包括 .As well as Tom, his parents came to the party. 汤姆和他的父母都来参与了这个聚会；12. encourage sb. to do sth.勉励某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result 结果as a result of由于

29、 .=because ofHe didn t work haards,a result, he didn t pass the exam.15. be interested in+ 名词/ 动词-ing : 对感爱好I am very interested in maths.Are you interested in dancing.16. sb. spend+ 时间+d oing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事；= It takes sb.+ 时间+ to do sth.He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It us

30、ually takes him l ots of time to play computer games.1. prepare for为.做.M7预备= get ready for2. make a list of列的清单3. get re把ady 预备好4. It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐；5. I don t knowwhat to take.（简洁句 = I d on t knowwhat I should take.（复合句）6. at the end of 在 .的. 终点/ 结尾7. Is 200 dollars enough.（金钱、时间、距离做主语时,视作单数

31、） 50 years is long time.100 metres is a short distance.8. had better + 动词原形：最好做某事You had better stay home at night.否定：had better not + 动词原形：最好不要做某事： Youd better not go out now.9. by the way 顺便说一下go crazy 变疯in a group of 20 二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 向某人供应某物He offered the poor l ots o

32、f food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事They offered to help me.11. learn about 明白at the same time 同时be well trained 受过良好培训depend on 依靠；取决于14. provide sb. sth.供应某人某物 = provid e sb. withsth./provid e sth. for sb.15. set tests 支配考试form close friendships with与.结.成亲热的友情stay in touch wit h和保持联系take trip

33、s to到去旅行at least 至少fill out 填写M81. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子；本模块重点：由 that 引导的宾语从句, that无义,可省 , 后接陈述句作宾语；宾语从句复合句 = 主句 +引导词 + 宾语从句 ；I can hardly believe that we re in the city centr.e Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesn t thinthke park

34、 will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系： 主句：一般现在时从句：需依据实际情形用不同时态She says that she works from Monday to Friday. （从句为一般现在时） She says that she will l eave a message on his desk. （从句为一般将来时）My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （ 从

35、句为现在完成时） 主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时 / 过去时的某种时态He said that there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从句用一般过去时） He said that he was going to take care of the baby. （从句用过去将来时） Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years.（从句用过去完成时） 特殊情形：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间转变而转变的事实时,不管主句为何种时态,从句总是用一般现在时；He said tha

36、t light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快 The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （客观事实）She saidthat her father is twenty-eight years ol der than her. （客观事实）My father told usthat nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.（客观真理） 留意：当主句的谓语动词是 think 或 believe ,宾语从句要表达否定时, 要把从

37、句的否定转移到主句 上；I dont think he is going to help you with your English. We don t believtehat we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不= almost notHe can hardly believe the result, can he. （前否后肯）3. so that 如此以至于 The little boy is so young that he can t go to school.=The little boy is too young to go

38、 to school.= The little boy is not ol d enough to go to school.so that以便；为了 =in ord er tharHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+ 动词原形：听见某人 / 某物（常常 / 过去）做 .hear sb./sth.+ 动词-ing: 听见某人 / 某物正在做 .I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano i

39、n her room last night. I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for 因而闻名be famous as+职业/ 身份：作为 而出名This park is famous for its lake. Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth. 答应做某事They dont allow smoking hereallow sb. to do sth.答应某人做某事His parents allowed him to go out with me.

40、allow+that 从句： He allowed that they were right.他承认他们是对的7. It s better for sb.otostdh.（对某人来说）最好去做某事；It s better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.8. point out 指出point at/to指着（近物 / 远物）9. at the top of 在的顶部move about 四处走动10. promise to do sth.答应做某事 He promised to help us.promise not

41、to d o sth. 保证不做某事Tony promised not to talk in class. promise +that从句: My parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11. have a wonderful time 玩得高兴 magic land 仙境 square kil ometer平方公里by a small lake 在小湖边wake sb. up 唤醒某人12. without doing 没有做 . We came out withoutmaking any noise.13. It is a pi

42、ty that+ 从句；真遗憾 . It s a pity that you have missed the party. 14.walk down the path顺路而下15. put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子16. the second largest 其次大 .the + 序数词+ 最高级：第几最 . 17.fall asleep 入睡M91. 重要语法： if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句, if/whether意为“是否”,用在将直接引语 （说话人说得话） 为一般疑问句的简洁句转化为间接引语 （转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词, 转化后需将一般疑问句

43、变为陈述句, 即陈述语序 ；基本结构：主句 +if/whether+ 宾语从句（用陈述语序）（直接引语） “Are you a teacher.” he asks.（间接引语） He asks if/whether I am a teacher.（直接引语） “Have you finished your home work.”the teacher asked him.（间接引语） The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.间接引语也就是 if/whether引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it w

44、ill rain tomorrow.I don t knowwhether he is at home or not.注： if 和 whether一般情形下可以互换使用,但如下情形,不能用if, 只能用whether:在动词不定式之前只能用 whetherI dont know whether to accept or refuse（拒绝） .在 whetheror not的固定搭配中；Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后,只能用 whether ；I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从

45、句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether；Whether it is true or not, I cant tell.用 if 会引起歧义时,只用 whether ；如用 whether 可防止歧义； 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many ）基本结构：主句 +特殊疑问词 +宾语从句（用陈述语序）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简洁句转化为间接引语复合句时,用原先的特殊疑问词作引导词,但后面需改为陈述句,即陈述语序；（直引） “What s your nameM.r.”Li asks me.（间引） Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直引） “Why did he ask for help. he a”sked.（间引） He asked why he asked for help.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句；Where does he come from.I don t know（. 合并句子）I don t kno where he comes from.（合并后,原先的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句, 故要改为陈述句,由于它不再是问句了）How can I get there.Can you tell me. （合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get