2022年浅析现代景观设计方案中植物空间的营造.docx

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1、精品学习资源浅析现代景观设计中植物空间的营造摘要:现代景观设计的主要任务是设计鲜明的视觉形象,营造足够的绿地和绿化；本文从植物空间营造入手 ,阐述了现代景观设计中园林植物空间构成的四个维度 ,提出了六种植物空间类型 ,从生态和艺术角度阐述其营造手法；Pick to: the main task of the modern landscape design is a distinct visual image design, build enough green space and greenery. This article obtains from the plant space const

2、ruction, and expounds the modern landscape design in the garden plant space consisting of four dimensions, and puts forward the six types of plant space, from the perspective of ecologicalart and its construction technique.关键词:现代景观设计；植物；空间营造Key words: the modern landscape desig；nPlants； Space to bui

3、ldAbstract:The purpose of modern landscape design is to design the vivid vision image and create enough green spaces. It illustrated four dimensions of space composition in modern landscape design, proposed欢迎下载精品学习资源six types of plant space and the methods of construction based on ecology and art.Ab

4、stract: The purpose of modern landscape design is to design The vivid vision image and create The enough green Spaces. It illustrated four dimensions of space composition in modern landscape design, programs The six types of plant space and The methods of construction -based on ecology and art.Keywo

5、rds: modern landscape desig；nplants； space constructionKeywords: modern landscape desig；nThe plants； Space construction1854年,以奥姆斯特德为代表的美国 “城市公园运动 ”开创了现代景观设计的新时代 ,园林的内涵与外延得到了极大的深化与扩展,园林植物成为现代景观设计的主要表现素材；园林植物空间营造能将美化功能与生态功能完善结合 ,人们进入园林第一感知到的便是园林植物,空间感受也源于植物所形成的空间 ,因此植物空间的营造对现代景观设计具有重要意义；Represented by

6、 olmsted, in 1854, the United States city park movement created a new era of modern landscape design, landscape connotation and欢迎下载精品学习资源denotation of the greatly deepen and expand, garden plants become the main performance of the material in modern landscape design. Plant space landscape can combin

7、e beautification functionand ecological function, people enter the garden is first perceived garden plants, and space to experience also stems from a space formed by plants, thus plants space construction is of great significance for modern landscape design.1现代景观设计1 modern landscape design现代景观设计是指合理

8、支配土地及土地上的物体和空间,为人类制造安全、高效、健康和舒服的环境 ,和谐人与自然的相互关系；与传统造园相比 ,现代景观规划设计的主要创作对象是大众群体,它为人类和其他物种服务 ,强调人类进展和资源及环境的可连续 ,突出植物在设计中的重要作用 ,充分发挥植物的空间构胜利能、美化功能与生态功能；因此,现代景观设计要设计鲜明的视觉形象 ,营造足够的绿地和绿化,设计建造足够的场地和为大多数人所用的空间设施,使人们通过视觉为主的感受通道 ,借助于物化了的景观环境形状 ,在人类的行为心理上引起反应、制造共鸣 ,即所谓鸟语花香、心旷神怡、触景生情、心驰神往1, 可见园林植物空间营造具有重要意义；欢迎下载

9、精品学习资源Modernlandscape designistopointtoobjects ontherational arrangement of land and land and space, for mankind to create the safe, efficient,healthy andcomfortable environment, coordinator ofthe relationshipwithnature. Compared withthe traditionallandscape, modern landscape planning and design of

10、the main groups to creation object is public, it service for humans and other species, emphasized that human development and sustainable resources and environment, highlight the plants play an important role in the design and give full play to the plantspace compositionfunctionandbeautificationfunct

11、ionand ecological function. Therefore, modern landscape design to design vivid visual image, buildenough green space and greening, design build enough grounds and facilities as used by most people in the space, make people through visual feelings channels, with the aid of the materialized form of la

12、ndscape environment, cause psychological reactions in human behavior, create a resonance, the so-called charactizing a fine spring day, find the scenery pleasing to both, even, with longing 1, the visible space of garden plant construction is of great significance.2园林植物空间的构成2 the composition of the

13、garden plant space欢迎下载精品学习资源园林空间通常是由山、水、建筑、植物和小品等诸多要素所构成的大小不同、景象各异的多种形式的空间组合2 ；同时,园林空间随着时间的变化而相应地发生变化 ,因此园林空间是包括时间在内的四维空间,这主要表现在植物的季相演化方面；可见,园林植物空间主要由基面、垂直分隔面、掩盖面和时间四个维度构成；Garden space is usually composed of mountain, water, building, plants, and sketch, and many other elements of different sizes, d

14、ifferent picture of the various forms of space combination 2. At the same time, thegarden space as the change of time and change accordingly, so the garden space is four dimensions, including time, space, this mainly displays inthe seasonal evolution of plants. Visible, garden plant space is mainly

15、composed of base level, vertical separation surface, coverage and time four dimensions.2.1 基面2.1 the base level正如凯文 林奇所说 , “空间主要是由垂直的面限定的 ,但唯独的连续的面却在脚下 3 ”可,见基面形成了最基本的空间范畴物空间主要由基面、垂直分隔面、掩盖面和时间四个维度构成；欢迎下载精品学习资源As Kevin lynch says, the space limited by the vertical surface, but the only continuous sur

16、face underfoot 3,the base level is forming the spatial scope of the most basic object space is mainly composed of base level, vertical separation surface, coverage and time four dimensions.2.2 垂直分隔面2.2 vertical space垂直分隔面是由具有肯定高度的植物构成的一个面,是园林植物构成空间的最重要表现；垂直分隔面形成了明确的空间范畴和剧烈的空间围合感；第一 ,树干犹如直立于外部空间中的支柱

17、,他们多是以示意的方式来表现垂直分隔面；其次 ,叶丛的疏密和分枝的高度影响着空间的围合感；阔叶或针叶越浓密、体积越大,其围合感越剧烈；而落叶植物的封闭程度 ,随季节的变化而不同 ,夏季较封闭 ,冬季较开敞；落叶植物是靠枝条示意着空间范畴 ,而常绿植物在竖向分隔面上能形成周年稳固的空间封闭成效；Vertical separation surface is composed of a plant has a certain height, the most important performance is made by the garden plant space. Vertical separ

18、ation surface formed a clear and strong sense of space to surround欢迎下载精品学习资源close space range. First of all, the trunk as the mainstay in upright in outer space, their performance is a suggested way to more vertical space.Secondly, cluster density and the height of the branch influence tosurround cl

19、ose feeling of the space. Broad-leaved and coniferous more thick, the greater the volume, and its surround close feeling more strongly. And deciduous plant closed, along with the change of season, summer is more closed, more open in winter. Deciduous plant is to rely on branches implies that space s

20、cope, and evergreen can form on the surface of the vertical separation of anniversary of the stability of the closed space effect.2.3 掩盖面2.3 the coverage大中型乔木的树冠相互连接 ,构成了园林植物空间的掩盖面；植物空间的掩盖面通常由分枝点高度在人的身高以上的枝叶形成,它限制了伸向天空的视线；掩盖面的特点与枝叶密度、分枝点高度以及种植形式亲密相关；夏季枝叶繁茂 ,遮荫蔽日 ,封闭感最剧烈 ,而冬季落叶植物就以枝条组成掩盖面 ,视线通透 ,封闭感最

21、弱；Large and medium-sized tree canopy are interconnected to form the欢迎下载精品学习资源garden plant space coverage. Plant space coverage are usually made of branch point height above the height of foliage, it limits the line of sight of reaching toward the sky. Coverage of the characteristics and the branches

22、 and leaves density, height of branch point as well as planting form are closely related. Blotting out the sun shade in summer, branchesand leaves bushiness, enclosed are the strongest, while winter deciduous plant with branches of coverage, the line of sight is connected fully, enclosed are the wea

23、kest.2.4 时间2.4 time园林植物空间与建筑空间最大的区分在于“时间”；植物随着时间的 推移和季节的变化 ,自身经受了生长、发育、成熟的生命周期,形成了叶容、花貌、颜色、芳香、枝干、姿势等一系列颜色上和形象上的变化,构成了四季分明的景象变化；植物的这种时序景观变化极大地丰富了园林景观的空间构成 ,为人们供应了各种各样可挑选的空间类型；当植物空间由落叶植物围合时 ,空间围合的程度会随着季节的变化而变化；春夏季 ,具有浓密树叶的树丛能形成一个个闭合的空间,秋冬季来暂时 ,随着植物的落叶 ,视线逐步能延长到限定空间以外；其次,季相变化中的颜色变化也非常引人注目 ,通常叶色、花色在一年四季

24、欢迎下载精品学习资源都有着丰富的变化；可见 ,园林景观是一种生命的景观 ,它是动态变化的；The biggest difference between the garden plant space and architectural space lies in time.Plants with the passageof time and the change of seasons, itself has experienced the growth, development, maturity of life cycle, formed the Ye Rong, appearance, co

25、lor, aroma, branches, posture and a series of colour and image changes, constitutes a distinct seasons of change. This temporal landscape changes in plants have greatly enriched the landscape space, provides people with a variety of optional space type. When the plant space by deciduous plants aroun

26、d the timeliness, the extent of the space to surround close will vary with the seasons. Spring and summer, has the thick leaves of trees to form a closed space, fall and wintercomes, the leaves of plants, the line of sight can gradually extended to the limit space outside. Second, the seasonal chang

27、e of the color change is also very conspicuous, leaf color, design and color usually changes inhas a wealth of allthe year round. Visible,landscape landscape is a kind of life, it is a dynamic change.3现代园林植物空间类型3 the modern botanical garden space type欢迎下载精品学习资源植物空间以时间维度为导向 ,由基面、垂直分隔面和掩盖面三个构成面通过多样的变化

28、方式组合 ,形成了各种不同的空间类型；Plants with the orientation of time dimension, space consists of base level, vertical separation of surface coverage and three surface through a variety of combination way change, formed a variety of room types.3.1 开敞植物空间3.1 open the plant space园林植物形成的开敞空间是指在肯定区域范畴内,人的视线高于四周景物的植物空

29、间 ,这种空间没有掩盖面的限制 ,其空间的大小形状只是由基面和限定该空间的竖向分隔面打算 ,但在该空间内 ,竖向分隔面仅用低矮灌木和地被植物作为空间的限制因素；人们身处其中,视线通透,视野广阔 ,心胸开阔 ,心情舒服 ,简单产生轻松自由的满意感；在现代景观设计中 ,除了运用草坪和花卉外 ,应推广使用生命力强、易于养护治理的地被植物来营造此类空间；Garden plant form of open space is to point to in certain areas within the scope of the line of sight of peopleabove the scene

30、ry around the plant欢迎下载精品学习资源space, this space without the restrictions of coverage, the space the size of the form is just a base level and limited the space of vertical separation of decision, but inside the space, the vertical separation surface with low shrubs and ground cover only as space cons

31、traints. , people live in the line of sight is connected fully, vast, open-minded, feel better, easy to create relaxed freedom satisfaction. In the modern landscapedesign, in addition to using the lawn and flowers, should promote the use life of strong, easy to maintenance and management of groundco

32、ver plants to build such a space.3.2 半开敞植物空间3.2 half open space of plants半开敞植物空间是在肯定区域范畴内 ,四四周不全开敞 ,有部分视角用植物阻挡了人的视线 ,方向性强 ,指向开敞面 ,是开敞空间向封闭空间的过渡,是园林中显现最多的一种空间类型 如图1；它也可以借助地势、山石、小品等园林要素与植物配置共同完成；半开敞空间的封闭面能够抑制人们的视线 ,从而引导空间的方向 ,达到“障景”的成效；在现代景观设计中 ,其封闭面可采纳乔木、灌木、草本植物的三层配置方式,取得较好的生态效益；欢迎下载精品学习资源Half open p

33、lant space is within the scope of a certain area, surrounded by not fully open open, some perspective with plants, blocking the line of sight of people, directionalityis strong, pointing to the open surface, is transition to the closed space, open space is a kind of space landscape in the most types

34、 as shown in figure 1. It can also be with the help of landscape elements such as topography, rock, sketch done together with the plant configuration. Half closed surface can restrain the line of sightof people in the open space, so as to guide the direction of the space, to achieve disabled scene t

35、he effect. In modern landscape design, the closed surface can use trees, shrubs, herbs, three layers configuration mode, achieve good ecological benefits.3.3 掩盖植物空间3.3 cover plant space掩盖植物空间通常位于树冠下与地面之间,通过植物树干的分枝点高低,浓密的树冠来形成空间感；高大的乔木是形成掩盖空间的良好材 料,此类植物分枝点较高 ,树冠巨大 ,具有很好的遮荫成效 ,无论是一棵几丛仍是一群成片 ,都能够为人们供应较

36、大的活动空间和遮荫休息的区域,这类植物空间的营造也是现代景观设计的主要任务；此外,攀援植物利用花架、拱门、木廊等攀附在其上生长,也能够构成有效的覆欢迎下载精品学习资源盖空间；Usually lies between under the canopy and ground cover plant space, through the plant the branch point height of the trunk, the dense canopy to create the space. Tall trees covering space is good material, this ki

37、nd of plant branch point higher, canopy, large shade has the very good effect, whether a few cluster or a bunch of slices, can provide larger space and shade for people to rest areas, construction of this kind of plant space is the main task of the modern landscape design. Moreover, climbing plants

38、use flower wearing, arch, embelished clings on its growth, can form effective covering space.3.4 纵深植物空间3.4 deep plant space狭长空间的两侧被景物所挡 ,形成纵深空间 ,它具有方向感 ,将人的视线引向空间的端点 2；在现代景观设计中 ,由植物材料营造的纵深空间在园林中很常见 ,如两旁植有密林的河流、峡谷等形成的空间；道路两侧栽种行道树亦能形成纵深空间；此类空间的营造宜采纳枝叶 茂盛的高大乔木 ,增强纵深感 ,同时也能取得更大的绿量 ,提高生态效益；欢迎下载精品学习资源Long

39、 and narrow space by the scenery on both sides of the block, form deep space, it has a sense of direction, lead the line of sight of people to space endpoint 2. In modern landscape design, the plant material to build deep space in the garden is common, such as plant have covered on both sides of the

40、 rivers, valleys formed by space. Road on both sides of the planted trees can form deep space. Such space, build appropriate USES leaves lush tall trees, strengthens the depth, at the same time also can achieve more green quantity, improve the ecological benefits.3.5 垂直植物空间3.5 vertical space of plan

41、ts用植物封闭垂直面 ,开敞顶平面 ,中间空旷 ,形成了一个方向垂直、向上放开的垂直植物空间；分枝点较低、树冠紧凑的中小乔木形成的 树列、修剪整齐的高树篱 ,都可以构成垂直空间；这类空间只有上面是放开的 ,使人翘首仰视 ,将视线导向空中 ,能给人以剧烈的封闭感和隔离感,纪念性园林中常显现这种空间；Use plants closed vertical plane, flat open top middle empty, formed a vertical direction, open up the vertical space of plants. Branch point is欢迎下载精品学

42、习资源lower, compact canopy of the small and medium-sized trees form the high tree, manicured hedges, can constitute a vertical space. Only above this kind of space is open, make the person turned upward and to the line of sight guidance, can give a person with strong sense of closed and isolated was a

43、s bad, memorial gardens often appear this kind of space.3.6 完全封闭植物空间3.6 completely closed space of plants垂直向上类植物枝干能够构成紧密的竖向的空间边界,当此类植物和低矮的水平绽开型植物配植时 ,人的视线被封锁严密 ,围合感更加剧烈,而高大的乔木作为上层掩盖整个空间时就形成了完全封闭空间；这 种空间类型多见于风景游玩区、森林公园、植物园及防护林带,是现代景观设计中群落结构最复杂、植物种类最丰富、生态效益最明显的空间类型；Vertical plant stems can constitute

44、a close space of the vertical boundary, when such plants and low level of model plants and shrubs, the line of sight of people blocked, closely surround close feeling is more strong, and tall tree as was formed when the upper cover the whole space completely closed space. This space type found in sc

45、enic area and forest欢迎下载精品学习资源park, botanical garden and shelter belt, is the most complex community structure in the design of modern landscape, the most abundant plant species, ecological benefit is the most obvious type of space.4现代园林植物空间营造手法4 the modern botanical garden space construction techni

46、que在现代景观设计中 ,植物空间的营造第一要考虑其生态功能 ,模拟自然界植物群落空间进行营造 ,其次要采纳肯定的艺术手法进行合理配置；In modern landscape design, the construction of plant space must first consider its ecological function, simulate the nature plant community space to build, and secondly to adopt certain artistic technique to carry on the reasonable

47、 configuration.4.1 植物空间的生态化营造4.1 plant space ecological construction4.1.1 乔灌草藤相结合欢迎下载精品学习资源4.4.1 halosols deserts cane combination植物空间的生态化营造就是要模拟自然界植物的生长状态,充分利用立体空间 ,以地带性植物为主 ,适当引入植物新品种 ,构成以乔木为主体,灌木、草本植物、藤本植物相结合的复合群落,形成 “近自然 ”植物群落景观；乔木、灌木 藤本植物 与适量的空旷草坪结合 ,针叶与阔叶结合,季相景观与空间结构相和谐 ,充分利用立体空间 ,大大增加绿地的绿量 ,是城市绿地的正确结构；城市绿化需突出乔木,但假如为了采光、通风 ,遮荫的比例也不宜过大 ,绿地内灌木需占肯定比例 ,地面力争全部为草坪或地被植物所掩盖；Plant space of ecology construction is to mimic natural plant growth status,