2022年对外经济贸易大学考研国际贸易学综合试题.docx

《2022年对外经济贸易大学考研国际贸易学综合试题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年对外经济贸易大学考研国际贸易学综合试题.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精品学习资源对外经济贸易高校2003 年考研国际贸易学综合试题2021-11-1918:24页面功能【字体：大中 小】【打印】【关闭】一、填空 每空 1.5 分，共 9 分1、商品的边际替代率是指，在不变的前提下，每增加一单位的某种商品而需要削减的另一种商品的数量；2、哈罗德认为一个国家的经济增长率取决于和；3、正常关税一般是指 ；4、一国持有国家储备的成本指与利息之差；5、IMF 会员国的投票权主要取决于他们的；二、判定以下各题的表达是否正确，正确的划勾，错误的划差；每题 1.5 分，共 9 分 1、垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时，可能会显现亏损，即经济利润为负；2、国民经济中只要有摩擦性事业或资

2、源性事业存在，就不能说经济实现了充分就业；3、依据国际商会制定的2000 通就中的 D 组贸易术语成交的合同均属于到达合同ArrivalContract ，在这类合同下，卖方均无办理货运保险的义务；4、WTO海关估价协议规定了六种海关估价的方法，它们是进口商品的成交价格、相同商品的成交价格、类似商品的成交价格、倒扣法、运算价格法和合理方法；5、2002 年 6 月经中国人民银行批准，渣打银行成为首家获准向中国内地居民和企业供应外币服务的外资银行；6、择期是一种可以舍弃合约履行的外汇业务；三、单项挑选题 每题 1.5 分，共 6 分1、在垄断厂商的长期均衡产量上可以有： A、PLACB、PIB、

3、DX+DII D、SX+SII四、多项挑选题 每题 2.5 分，共 10 分 1、以下哪些项目可计入GDP：A、政府转移支付欢迎下载精品学习资源B、购买一辆新的载重卡车C、购买一辆新的载重卡车模型玩具D、购买一块地产2、出口管制的商品主要包括：A、战略物资及其有关的先进技术资料，如武器，军事设备等B、对国内生产所需的原材料、半成品及国内市场供应不足的某些必需品C、密集使用本国丰裕生产要素的产品D、某些重要的文物、艺术品、黄金、白银等特别品3、依据国际惯例，以下有关可转让信用证的说明中，正确的选项是：A、可转让信用证的受益人可以将信用证金额转让给一个或一个以上的人使用B、可转让信用证的转让以一次

4、为限，因此只有第一和其次受益人没有第三受益人C、可转让信用证中必需注明可转让Transferable字样，否就不能转让D、可转让信用证的其次受益人因故不能履约时，也不能将信用证转回给第一受益人4、套汇的主要方式有：A、两角套汇B、三角套汇C、套利D、套期保值五、简洁精确说明以下名词每题 4 分，共 16 分 1、局部均衡和一般均衡2、时机成本3、技术性贸易壁垒欢迎下载精品学习资源4、根本性违约六、论述与分析题第 1 题 10 分，第 2、3 题各 15 分，第 4 题 10 分，共 50 分 1、国际储备治理的原就和内容是什么？2、如何懂得经济全球化条件下各国贸易政策的竞争与和谐关系；3、假定

5、某一化工厂生产的产品需求函数为：P=600-2Q，成本函数为 CP=3Q2-400Q+40000 1求利润最大时的产量、价格和利润(2) 假 设 由 于 外 部 不 经 济 环 境 污 染 使 社 会 受 到 损 失 从 而 使 社 会 成 本 函 数 为CS=4.25Q2-400Q+40000 试求帕累托最优的产量和价格应为多少：(3) 简洁说明外部不经济对资源配置效率的影响，政府应当相应实行什么措施解决外部不经济问题？4、某年 9 月中旬， A 公司有一机器设备要出售，向国外某客户B 公司发盘；发盘中介绍了设备情形，报了价格，并规定发盘有效期为9 月底之前； B 公司讨论了发盘条件，认为可

6、以接受，但没有向发盘人表示接受的意向，而是派代理人直接到A 公司所在地办理购买手续并支配接运设备事宜；但在20 日， C 公司得知 A 公司要出售设备的消息，便派人到现场付款后提货； 9 月 25 日 B 公司的代理人赶到A 公司所在地时，发觉所要设备已被他人提走，便要求A 公司赔偿他的缺失；对此A 公司认为双方之间没有合同关系，予以拒绝；请问， B 公司是否有权向 A 公司索赔？并请说明理由；七、专业英语 英译中，第 1 题 15 分，第 2 题 15 分，第 3 题 20 分，共 50 分 1.lets really clean up those numbers nowLittle not

7、iced in the shock of WorldCom Inc.s massive accounting fraud is that it came tolight only after a review initiatedby the companys audit committee.Yes,believe it or not,the directors in theboardroom actually asked their auditors to take another look at the numbers.Lo and behold,that review let to the

8、 largest single restatement ever:a $3.8 billion reductionin previouslyreportedpretax income.Together withXerox Corps recent concession that it overstated operating earnings by $1.4billion,these two corporate meaculpas alone nearly matchthe combined total hit of $5.8 billion from all 463 restatements

9、 in 1998，1999,and 2000.How much worse can it get？ Plenty. Its not that well likely see numbers as breathtaking as those as World Comor Xerox. But expect a tidal wave of restatements to come in what will surely amount to some sort of accounting chatharsis. If ever there was a time for companies tocom

10、e clean,its now. Over the years,the quality of financial reportinghas varied widely. Some companies did the bare minimum to meet accounting standards. Others were more cautious. To欢迎下载精品学习资源get beyondthe currentstock marketmalaise,companiesneed toflush out the excesses so investors can regain their

11、confidence in our financial system. Its better to take a hit now than risk dragging this out over the next few years.2. Happy birthday,Milton FriedmanMilton Friedmans professional career has been marked by controversy over his many policyproposals. Yet as he approaches his 90th birthday,Friedman is

12、increasingly recognized as the most influentialeconomistina 20thcenturythatwitnessedtoweringcontributionsfromJohn Maynard Keynes,Paul A. Samuelson,and others.Friedmanis best known for monetarism,a view that stability in the growth of the money supply is crucial to controlling inflation and recession

13、s.Althoughthe relationbetweenthe moneysupply and the economy has oftenbeen highlyvariable,no less an authoritythan Fedral Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has indicated that Friedmans emphasis on a stable monetary framework was instrumental in guiding central banksin Europe and the U.S. toward low in

14、flation during the pass two decades.Before Friedman,economic conventional wisdom held that inflation reduces unemploymentbecause prices rise faster than labor costs. In the late 1960s,Friedman argued instead that there is no permanent reduction in unemployment from continuing inflation because wages

15、 eventually catch up to prices as expectations about inflation become more accurate. His analysis has been validated twice since then by the high U.S. the 90 even though inflation was negligible.Two decades before Chile introduces its revolutionary private individual account retirement system,Friedm

16、ans classic 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom criticized the prevailing pay-as-you-go Social Security systems for restricting the ability of individuals to choose how much and inwhat formto save for retirement,andfor mixinga welfareprogram for elderlypoor witha compulsory program that applies to all

17、the elderly. Hashis advice been followed twentyyears ago,there would be no impending Social Security financing crisis in the U.S. and other developed nations with aging population.3. Are Force Majeure Clauses Exclusion Clauses？In order to differentiate an exclusion or limitation clause from a force

18、majeure clause we must first define exactly what we mean by exclusion clauses and examine their effect on the contractual relations of the parties. We might then usefully compare the operatiogogo to that offorce majeure clauses.A tripartite distinction betweegogo: Protective conditions are three dis

19、tinct types:first,those whichlimit or reduce what wouldotherwisebe the defendantsduty ； second,those which exclude the defendants liability for breach of specified aspects of that duty,and third,those which limit the extent to which the defendant is bound to indemnifythe plaintiffin respect of the c

20、onsequences of breaches of that duty. The difference between the first two categories is said tobe this:in the first case there is no breach of contract since there is no obligation to perform in the circumstances which have arisen,whilst in the second case there is a breach but the liability欢迎下载精品学

21、习资源to pay damages in respect of it has been removed.Force majeure clauses,it seems,go to limitthe extent of the obligationassumed by the promisor. They do not operate so as to shield a promisor from liability for a breach of contract. A force majeure clause will ensure that non-performanceis no breach because no performance was due in the circumstances that have occurred.欢迎下载