小学英语知识点归纳.doc

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1、. .小学英语知识点归纳1、话题(1) 字母：(大小)辨认、书写顺序 : Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.元音字母：A a , Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu半元音字母: Yy书写容易错误的字母：E , F , G, M, N, d, i, p, q, x, y.(2) 数字：基数词和序数词的运用，如计算、购物等.基数词: One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirte

2、en, fourteen, fifteen twenty, twenty-one thirty, forty, fifty eighty, ninety, one/a hundred , one/a hundred and one two hundred.序数词: first , second , third , fourth , fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourthirt

3、ieth, fortieth, fiftieth eightieth, ninetieth相关句型: 1) Whats thirty and forty? That es to seventy.2) Whats your telephone number? My telephone number is 83555723.3) What time is it ? Its half past ten.4) When do you usually get up ? At six thirty-five.5) Where do you live? I live at No.48 Renmin Road

4、.6) How old are you? Im twelve.7) How much does it cost? It costs 50 yuan.8) How many cars have you got? I have got 6 cars.9) How many birds can you see in the tree? I can see 3.10) How many dolls are there on the bed? There is one/a doll.11) How many dolls are there on the bed? There are four dolls

5、.12) Which floor do you live on? I live on the fifth floor.13) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel?Yes, go down this street, then turn left at the third crossing.14) Whos the fifth girl from the right? Shes my cousin.注意： 数词的应用; 不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法上的区别;there is/are与have/has在用法上

6、的区别.(3)颜色：实物的颜色colours: red, pink, yellow, brown, blue, purple, orange, black, white, grey, dark blue, light blue.相关句型: 1) What colour is your coat? Its .2) Whats your favourite colour? My favourite colour is (4)时间：年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻year, season( spring, summer, autumn, winter) ,month: January, February

7、, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.Day: 1st May (the first of May), May 2nd ( May the second)Time: (an) hour, minute, second10:05 (five minutes past ten, ten o five)10:10 (ten minutes pa

8、st ten, ten ten)10:15 (quarter past ten, ten fifteen)10:30 (half past ten, ten thirty)10:45 (quarter to eleven, ten forty-five)11:00 (eleven oclock)相关句型: 1) How old is your mother? Shes thirty-six years old.2) How many months are there in a year? There are 12.3) Whens your birthday? My birthday is o

9、n 15th January ( the fifteenth of January).4) When do you get up? I get up at six oclock.5) When does spring last? It lasts for 3 months from March to May.6) What time is it? Its quarter to nine.(5)食品与饮料：人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品food : meat, rice, fish, bread, egg, cake,drinks : water, milk ,orange/apple/wat

10、er melon/banana/strawberry juice ,coke, coffee, black/green tea相关句型: 1) Would you like something to drink/eat? Yes, Id like someNo, thanks .2) Would you like to eat/drink? Id like to eat/drinkNo, thanks .3) Whats your favourite food/drink? My favourite food/drink is 4) Could I have some? Yes, please

11、 .(6)服装：服装的颜色:人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴;所属关系clothes: hat, cap, coat, shirt , T-shirt, skirt, dress, sweater, jacket, trousers, sock, shoeput on, wear所属关系: 形容词性的物主代词:my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性的物主代词: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs相关句型: 1) What does it look like? It likes wearing a blue shir

12、t.2) Whose shoes are these? Theyre mine.Theyre Toms .3) Is this /that/it your book? Yes, it is.No, it isnt.4) Is this pencil yours? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.5) Are these /those/they your coats and trousers?Yes, they are. No, they arent.6) Are those clothes theirs? Yes, they are.No, they arent.7) This

13、 is my hat. That hat is his.注意： 名词单，复数;物主代词(名词性的物主代词，形容词性的物主代词);名词所有格，如：Toms , my fathers , the teachers.(7)玩具和文具：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置Toys: doll, toy文具: desk, book, bag ,pen, pencil, pencil-box, ruler, chair, ball存在的位置 : in, on, under, beside, behind, in front of, in the front of , in the middle of, at

14、the back of(a place/a person).相关句型: 1) There is a cup of tea on the table.2) There are some oranges in the fridge.3) Is there any milk in the glass? Yes, there is.No, there isnt.4) Are there any oranges in the fridges?Yes, there are. No, there arent.5) Whats under the desk?There is an orange. / Ther

15、e are some oranges.(8)日常生活用品：特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置words: shelf, table, clock, brush, telephone, light, puter, bike, fridge, glass, knife, keyboard, bottle, box, plate, photo, photograph, fax, radio, super-market,book store,noodles/cake/clothes/shoe/TV shop.特点: big, small, heavy, light, white, black, empt

16、y, full, old, new, beautiful, cute, tall, short, strong, plump, nice, good, bad(9)动物：家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系words(animals): cat, dog, duck, goose (geese) fish, sheep, bird, panda, monkey, rabbit, hen , cock, chicken, tiger, lion, pig, cow , mouse (mice),giraffe,dolphin,生活地点：at home, in a fa

17、rm, in a zoo 所属关系：同上话题(7)(10)植物：特点、所属关系;存在的位置words: tree, rose, flower, leaf(leaves) (11)环境与建筑：特点、所属关系;存在的位置buildings: factory, hospital, park, house, library, museum, office, farm, post office, bank, police station, train station, sports stadium, department store, store, school, classroom, house: b

18、athroom, living-room, sitting-room, bedroom, washroom,kitchen, garden房子的基本构造： door, gate, wall, window, floor相关句型: 1) Where do you study at ? I study at Longdong Primary School.2) Where does your mother work at ? She works at a hospital.3) Lets meet at the gate of the park.4) My brother is playing i

19、n the garden.(12)身体：特点body: head, hair, eye, nose, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, hand, finger, foot (feet) ,toe外貌: fat, thin, plump , tall, short, old, young, round face, two big blue eyes, long hair, short hair, black hair ,white hair相关句型: 1) Im /Youre /Hes/Shes /Were /Theyre (not) tall.2) Is he/she

20、tall or short? Hes /Shes tall (short).3) I/We/They/You have (got) black hair.4) He/She has ( got ) a round face.5) Has he/she got long hair ? Yes, he/she has.No, he/she hasnt.注意：描述人的外貌时，have与has用法上的区别; 形容词的用法，如 :tall, short, old, young, black , long(13)个人情况：、年龄、地址、特点与爱好age, year, address, address, h

21、obby,hobby: collecting stamps(coins) , going swimming doing sth相关句型: 1) How old are you ? Im thirteen years old.2) Im a thirteen-year old boy.3) Whats your address? I live at No.48 Renmin road.4) Whats your address? My address is 123VIP126.5) Whats your hobby? My hobby is going running.Or : I like g

22、oing running.6) I /You/ They like music.7) He likes sightseeing.8) Do you like reading? Yes, I do. No, I dont.9) Does he /she like playing basketball?Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesnt.注意： 描述个人的喜好时：名词和动词- ing 形式作宾语; 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。动词ing的变化规律： 1)直接加ing ，如： open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-me

23、eting, sing-singing, study-studying, 2) 去掉词尾不发音的e ，如：take-taking, close-closing, e-ing, drive-driving, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, 3) 重读闭音节的，双写最后的字母，加 ing , 如： sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, bee-being,

24、 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同)： 1) 直接加s， 如：cook-cooks, e-es, close-closes,2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-brushes, miss-misses, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es， 如：fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, 4) 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es.5) 特殊：have-

25、has, (14)家庭、亲属和朋友：、年龄、地址、特点与爱好：与你的关系words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, friend相关句型: 1) Is he/she Toms cousin? Yes, he/she is.No, he/she isnt.2) Whos he/she? Hes/Shes my friend.3) How many people are there

26、 in your family? Who are they?There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意： 1)名词单复数，如：family-families;名词单数-复数规律: 1) 直接加s， 如： boy-boys, term-terms,2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches,3

27、) 辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i ，+es， 如：baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches ,4) 以f或fe结尾，把f或fe，改为v+es: leaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, 5) 特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,

28、6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep, 2) 名词所有格，表明是“谁的” 如： my cousins , his parents它的构成规则： 单数名词后+“ s”， Mikes mother.复数名词词尾有，其后只+“ ”，Teachers Da教师节.若是两人共有时，只在后者+ “s ”,Jim and Toms mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的，两者都+ “ s ”,Jims and Toms mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲

29、。名词若是无生命，所有格构成用of,a map of China.一幅中国地图(15)学校：学校建筑和学校生活words: school building, classroom, dormitory, playground, librarysubjects: Chinese, maths , English, music, puter, PE, art, biology, politics , history, meeting, geography相关句型: 1) Whats your favourite subject? English.2) Wheres the library? Its

30、behind the dormitory.3) When do you go to school? At 7:20.4) When does Chinese begin on Monday? At Eight oclock.5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on Monday?Yes, it does. No, it doesnt.6) Were having an English class.(16)社交礼仪：礼貌用语;询问与应答1.Greetings: Hello! Hi! Good morning/afternoon/evening.How

31、 are you ? Fine, thanks. And you?Please say hello to your parents for me.2. Introduction: My name is Im a pupil. Im new here.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss White.Hello, nice to meet you .3. Farewells: Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye.See you then/tomorrow.Good night.Its late. I must go home now.Thanking for ing.4. Thanks:

32、Thank you (very much).Youre wele.Not at all.5. apologies: Sorry. Im sorry. Thats all right. Excuse me.6. Incitation: Will you go shopping with me?Would you like to go ?Id love to . Thank you.7. Asking for permission: May I have an apple ?Could /Can I use your bike?Sure. Certainly. Yes, of course. Ye

33、s, do please.8. Expressing wishes: Happy birthday! Thank you.9. Offering help: Can I help you? What can I do for you?10. Making appointments: Are you free tomorrow? What about tomorrow afternoon?Lets meet at the gate at 7:50.Shall we visit the museum?11. Hello! May I speak to Kate? Speaking/Its Kate

34、 here.Whos this/that, please ?12. Taking meals: Would you like something to eat/drink?Would you like some fish/meat?13. Shopping : Can I help you ,sir?What can I do for you, sir ?What about this one?Do you like this one?I want /Id like some oranges.How much is the shirt /are the socks?Its to small.

35、Two kilos, please .Ill take it.14. Asking the way: Excuse me. Where is the GuangzhouLibrary?Can you tell you me the way to the Garden Hotel, please?Can I take this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?Its over there. Turn right/legt(17)国家与城市：地理位置;特点Countries: China, Japan, America (the USA

36、), English( the UK), Australia, Russia, Canada, Italy, India, France,Nationalities: Chinese, Japanese, American, Englishman, Australian, Russian, Canadian, Italian, Indian, French,相关句型: 1) Wheres Japan? Its to the east of China.2) Where does your friend e from? She es from English.3) Where are they

37、from? Theyre from Russia.4) What country do you from? I e from China.5) What country is he from? Hes from France.6) What language does she speak? She speaks French.7) What language do they speak? They speak Chinese.(18)天气：气候特征weather : hot, cold, cool, warm, sun, shine, sunny, rain ,heavy rain, ligh

38、t rain, rainy, wind, strong wind, windy, snow , heavy snow, light snow snowy, cloud, cloudytemperature: 15 ( fifteen degrees centigrade), 0 (zero degree centigrade), -5 (minus degrees centigrade)相关句型: 1) Whats the weather like in spring? Its warm, rainy and wet.2) What will the weather be like there

39、? It will be sunny.3) Is it snowing? Yes, it is a snowy day.4) Will there be cloudy? Yes, there will.5) The sun is shining.6) I like taking a warm bath.(19)节日：节日的特点;节日的活动festivals : New Years Day, Spring Festival, Womens Day, April foolish Day, May Day, Mothers Day, Childrens Day, Fathers Day, Party

40、s Day, Armys Day, Mid-autumn Festival, Teachers Day , National Day, Thanks Giving Day, Christmas Day.New Years Day: 1st January.Spring Festival: Its the Chinese New Year. Its the first day of the Chinese year. Its a very special festival for all Chinese people. It is usually at the end of January or

41、 the beginning of February /in late January or early February. The children can get “lucky money”.Womens Day: Its on 8th March.April Foolish Day: on 1st April, on this day, people can play jokes to their friends.May Day: 1st May, laborers day.Mothers Day: on the second Sunday of May.Childrens Day: o

42、n June 1st.Fathers Day: on the third Sunday in June.Partys birthday: in China, its on 1st July.Armys Day: in China, its on 1st August.Mid-autumn Festival: on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar. In China , people eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon.Teachers Day: on 10th Sept

43、ember.National Day: in China, its at the beginning of October.Thanks Giving Day: the last Thursday in November, its American festival.Christmas Day: December 25th.(20)方位：人或物的位置;问路与应答place : in, on ,at, under, near, next to, beside, behind, in front of , in the front of , in the middle (of ), back, o

44、n the right/left, the second/person from the right/leftA: Excuse me. Wheres the department store?Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel, Please?Can I take this bus to Beijing Road?Is there a hotel near here?B: Its over there.Turn right /left at the first crossing. The hotel is on the right/left

45、.Im sorry, I dont know.(21)正在发生的事情：现在进行的动作和发生的事be doing something1) Im/Youre/Hes /Shes /Were/Theyre (not) working.2) Are you playing football? Yes, I am/we are.3) Is he/she taking exercise? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isnt.4) Are they going shopping? Yes, they are. No, they arent.5) What are you doing? Im/Were cleaning the room.6) Whats he/she doing? Hes/Shes having supper.7) What are they doing? Theyre readi