2022年so和such用法及区别全解.pdf

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1、such 和 so 两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同；such为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词；如：No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 而 so 是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如：Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointe

2、d. 但是， such 和 so 都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。一、后接可数名词的单数形式1、直接跟名词时，用such；如：However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing. Why are you in such a hurry? 注意： 当 such 前面有 no 时， 必须省去不定冠词a(an) ， 因为 no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如：I have no such book. (= I havent such a bo

3、ok.) 2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用 so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man. He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brothe

4、r. 二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如： Such things often happen in our daily life. Such people are dangerous. Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other. He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper. 三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：Did you ever see such we

5、ather? You cant drink such hot milk. She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English. 四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many ；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用 so，如：so many people / so many students / so few days so much time / so much money / so little time等。注意：上述词组中的so 实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句：精品

6、资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - I have met many such people in my life. I didn t expect to meet so many people there. 上述两句中都有many ，但却分别用了 such 和 so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在中，many和 such 同时修饰后面的名词；而句中的 so 修饰的则是 many 。五、当 many 、much 、little、few 单

7、独作为名词使用时， 用 so；如：There are so few that I cant give you one. This is the girl I have told you so much about. So much for today. 六、 such 可以和 all 、some 、other 、another 、one、no、many 、any、few、several 等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，如：All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards. One such

8、 dictionary is enough for me.We have had several such Chinese paintings already. I hope never to meet with another such accident.一,so 的常见用法1. 当 so 作副词 , 修饰形容词或副词时, 表示程度 , 意为 这么 , 那么 . 如: Don t be so silly. 别那么傻 . He ran so fast. 他跑得那么快 . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - -

9、- - -第 3 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2. 如果 so 后无形容词 , 则 so 不能与名词连用. 如: I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child). 我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩. 切不可以说 He is so a child. 但是 ,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用.如: Tom ate so much food a meal. 汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物. There re so few people in the hall.

10、大厅里的人很少. that 意为 如此以至于 , 是一个常见句型, 也是中考常考的句型. 如: Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all. 简的腿那么疼 , 以至于根本动不了. 该句型还可以转换成So + adj.+ a/an+名词 结构 . 如: Mike is so clever a boy that all like him. 麦克这么聪明 , 大家都喜欢他 . so that意为以便 , 为的是 , 引导目的状语从句( 该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语) 如: They can help you to compare

11、two different products so that you can buy the one you really like. 他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品, 以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的. so that从句还可表示结果, 意为 因此 , 如: His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework. 他的笔不见了 , 因此他无法完成作业. 与动词 say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用 , 可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句.如: Is she a top student in her class Yes

12、,I think so. 她是她们班最好的学生吗是的, 我想是这样 . so 与动词 do 连用 , 意为 这样做 , 以避免重复前面的有关内容. 而 if so 意为 如果是这样 .如: He did so in order to help her. 他这样做是为了帮助她. Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是学生吗如果是 , 请问你叫什么名字5.So + be/其他助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 是倒装结构 , 意为 同样 , 也. 这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现.如: I usually

13、go to bed at night. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - So do I. 我通常晚上睡觉. 我也是 . 作连词 , 表示结果 , 意为所以 , 因此 . 如: How do you like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much. 你喜欢这件衬衣吗它既漂亮又很合身, 因此我非常喜欢. 7.not so

14、 +adj./adv.(原级 )+as 是一个常见的比较级句型, 也是中考常考的句型, 意思是 不如 , 不及 . 如: The man doesn t work so hard as me. 这个人工作不如我努力. 二,such的常见用法是限定词 ,常和名词连用 , 意为 如此的 , 这样的 . 如: She is such a kind woman. 她是一个如此善良的女人. Grandpa often told us such funny stories. 爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事. Dont go out in such bad weather. 天气这么糟 , 不要可以用作连词，

15、表示“因此，所以”。例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.so that作为连词词组，表示“以便，为了”。例：The vase is put high on the table, so that it wont be broken.可以用作形容词，表示“是这样的，是真的”。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 例：The newspaper

16、s claim she killed him in self defence but that just isnt so.可以用作副词，表示1)“如此，这么”结构为：so+adj./adv例：She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.表示此意思时，还可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n.例：It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已经提到的想法，建议或情况等例：“Will I need my umbrella?”“I

17、think so.”3)“也是，也一样”结构为so+助动词/ 情态动词 /be 动词+主语例：Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.注意否定句应把 so 改为 neither/nor，结构为 neither/nor+助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词+主语例：Jenny has never been late for Nor her younger brother.4)“确实是这样”，表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为so+主语 +助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词例：Tony works very hard

18、at all the he does.5)“似乎，那么”，表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 例：So you think youve got troubles?常见结构： and so on/and so forth：等等； so as to(do)：以便； so that+ 从句：以便例：We eat different vegetables ， such as tomato，potato ，celery

19、 ，and so on.They got up early so as to catch the first bus.They got up so early that they could catch the first bus. 6) 有时可与并列连词and连用，构成习语and so （相当于 so）：He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。He worked hard and so he succeeded.他勤奋巩固走，所以他取得了成功。There was so much to eat and so few people to

20、 eat it.有这么多东西可吃，而吃的人又这么少。I forgot to post the letter, and so she never heard about my divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我离婚的事。4. 不要按汉语意思将“因为所以”直译为“becauseso：误： Because he was ill, so he couldnt come. (去掉 because或 so 中任意一个 )so 的用法：副词adv. （表示程度）这样；如此地word that one says when one tells how much, how big,etc. so

21、mething or so精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - meone is Dont walk so fast. 别走得这样快。The bag is so heavy that I cant carry it. 这个袋子太重了，我拿不动。It is not so good as I thought. 它没有我想的那么好。It was so cold that I wore two sweaters. 天气是那么冷，我穿了两件毛衣

22、。副词adv. 非常；很very You are so kind. 你真好。Why are you so late? 你为什么这样晚呢？I am so glad to see you. 我看到你很高兴。副词adv. 这样；那样in this way;in that way Hold your pen so. 这样拿笔。Dont shout so! 不要这样大声喊叫！And so the months and years went by. 就这样，一月月、一年年地过去了。副词adv. 也；同样also Carol is very pretty and so is her sister. 精品资料

23、 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 卡罗尔很漂亮，她姐姐也很漂亮。He likes skating and so do I. 他喜欢滑冰，我也喜欢。Dick speaks French and so does his brother. 狄克讲法语，他弟弟也讲法语。副词adv. （表示同意）是的word to show that one agrees Tomorrow is a holiday.So it is. “明天是休假日。”“的确是。

24、”副词adv. 因而；所以therefore I was busy with my studies and so did not take the job. 我忙于学习，所以没有接受那个工作。连词conj. 所以；结果是for this reason;for that reason Speak clearly,so they may understand you. 说得清楚一些，好让他们听懂你的话。I didnt go to bed until eleven last night,so I got up late. 昨晚我十一时才睡觉，因此今天起床晚了。It was late, so I we

25、nt home. 天晚了，所以我就回家了。The shop is closed, so I cant buy the bread. 商店关门了，所以我不能买面包。感叹词int. （感叹词）表示惊讶(exclam. word) that shows one is a little surprised So youve come back again! 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 你又回来了！So here we are aga

26、in. 啊，我们又在这儿了。So we will do what you want. 好！我们将照你希望的去做。代词pron. 这样；如此that which is as mentioned before I hope so. 我希望如此。代词pron. 或多或少；左右(or so) more or less He must be thirty or so. 他一定有三十多岁了。She worked an hour or so on her spelling lesson. 她用了一个小时左右的时间学习拼读课。代词pron. 同样地the same I am a good citizen an

27、d I will stay so. 我是个好公民，今后仍然是。and so on 诸如此类；等等We study Politics,Chinese,English and so on. 我们学政治、中文、英文等等。such 可以分为三种不同的词性。一、形容词的用法精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。 Shes got such talent. 她很有天赋。 Were havi

28、ng such a wonderful time. 我们过得很愉快。 Ive had such a shock.我大吃一惊。 Why are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？2.注意上面的第二个例子，such a wonderful time。通常情况下，如果such 与名词之间还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说 so wonderful a time或者 a time so wonderful。3. 当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such.that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。 He speaks to me in

29、 such a way that I always feel he is insulting me. 他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。 It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。二、限定词的用法精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4. 所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。5.

30、前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。 He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。 This isnt the only story of crulty to children. Many suchcases are reported every day. 这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。6. 后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such . as/that .的结构。 Such a di

31、saster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。 The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。 Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。 Hes not such a fool as he looks. 他并非看上去那样蠢。注意，规范的用法是，这时应避免使用such.that，而只使用such.as，方便

32、与前面的第3点相区分。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 三、代词的用法做代词的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。8. 前指代的意思是，指代前面提到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。 Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian.板球很乏味。遇到Ian 之前，她一直这么认为。 Shes a competent manager and has

33、 always been regarder as such by her colleagues.她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。9. 后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth 或 such that的结构。 Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。 The pain in her foot wasnt such as to stop her walking. 她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。

34、 The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair. 损害很精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 严重，要用很多钱才能修好。四、词组 such as 和 as such as 可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。 Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.像兰

35、花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。 Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。11. 词组 as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上去那样”。 If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。 The new job is not promotion as such but it

36、has good prospects.新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。五、莎士比亚著作中的such 例句是一个很老的词，莎士比亚就经常用。下面是一些从他著作中选出的例句。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - Good night, good night! parting is such sweet sorrow, Romeo and Juliet: II, ii良宵，良宵！此时分别真是甜蜜又悲伤。罗密欧与朱丽叶第二幕，第二场 We

37、 are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep. The Tempest: IV, iv构成我们的料子也就是那梦幻的料子，我们短暂的一生，前后都环绕在酣睡之中。暴风雨第四幕，第四场 Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we: For such as we are made of, such we be. The Twelfth Night唉，原因在于我们的弱点，而非我们：因为我们由什么材料制成，就会成为什么样子。第十二夜 I had rath

38、er be a dog, and bay the moon, than such a Roman. Julius Caesar: IV, iii我宁愿做一只向月亮狂吠的狗，也不愿做这样一个罗马人。尤利乌斯恺撒第四幕，第三场 Teach not thy lip such scorn, for it was made For kissing, lady, not for such contempt. KING RICHARD III: I, ii何必如此出言讥讽，夫人，天生你可亲吻的香唇，不是给你做侮蔑之用的。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名

39、师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 理查三世第一幕，第三场 We were, fair queen, Two lads that thought there was no more behind. But such a day to-morrow as to-day. And to be boy eternal. The Winters Tale: I, ii我们那时是两个不知道有将来的孩子，以为明天就跟今天一样，永远是个孩子。明天的故事第一幕，第二场一、 such as 的七个用法1. 表示举例，意为“例如，诸如此

40、类的，像那样的”，相当于like或 for example 。如：There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly ” in “she ran fast”. 副词用来修饰动词，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food wherever they can . 像兔和鹿这样的动物整

41、个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。用于此义时的几点说明：(1)这类结构既可表现为“名词 +such as+ 例子”，也可表现为 “such+名词 +as+例子”。如：I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one. 我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。(2)若后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形。如：Don t do anything silly such as marry him. 不要做什么蠢事，比如说去嫁给他。Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a ra

42、bbit out of a hat. 魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。(3)不要按汉语意思将such as用作 such like。(4)其后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 正： I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。误： I know four languages, such as Chine

43、se, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。(5)在现代英语中，such as 可与 etc. 连用。如：They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers， etc. 他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。They export a 1ot of fruits，such as oranges，lemons，etc. 他们出口许多水果，如桔子、柠檬等。2. 表示“像这样的”，其中的 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构

44、中的 as 换成 like 。如：He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。Such men as he (is) are rare now. 现在像他这样的人很少了。3. 表示“凡是的人( 或事物 ) ”、“所有的人(事物) ”，其意相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。 其中的 such 为先行词， as 为关系代词。 如：Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。You may choose such as you prefer. 你

45、可挑选自己想要的东西。Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。4. 有时 such as 整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。Then I left it， feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.然后我离开那里，心头感到一种

46、前所未有的沉重心情。5. 用于suchas to do sth， 表示结果， 其中的 such 为限定语， as to do sth 表示结果。如：It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house. 声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。You sh ouldn t put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - -

47、- - - - -第 17 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6. 用于 such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such 是代词， as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如：Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必担心。The pain in her foot wasn t such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼， 但还不至于不能行走。7. 用于 such as it is构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽

48、管没什么价值或重要性”。如：The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好，但量很多。You may use my bike, such as it is. 尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。Youre welcome to join us for supper, such as it iswe re only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭，只是没什么好吃的只有汤和面包。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - -