名词和冠词用法课件 高三二轮复习.pptx

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1、专题复习 名词 冠词感悟高考感悟高考1.(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause)2. (2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes

2、and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.3. (2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the _(introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.causespollutionintroduction4.(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, h

3、as had some unintended side _(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.5. (2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(

4、crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.6. (2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.effectscrowdsdays考向分析考向分析 给出名词提示词，考查名词的数； 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词，填写名词(同时注意名词的数)- How

5、many does a cow have?- Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies_ will make a trip around the world du

6、ring the coming Christmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses 规则例词一般情况下,在词尾直接加sbookbookscapcaps treetrees以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加es以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加 sglassglassesboxboxes watchwatchesstomachstomachs以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,把y改为i,再加es以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 s。storystories countrycountriesboyboys以o结尾的名词

7、变为复数时,常在词尾加s,但有些名词要加es,它们主要有:黑人英雄坐在火山上吃土豆、西红柿radioradios photophotosNegroNegroes heroheroes volcano-volcanoes potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时,直接加s,一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)捡了珊瑚礁(reef),来到房顶(roof)上,找到首长(chief),有了证据(proof),增加了信仰(belief)。有些需把f或fe变为v,再加es,主要有:妻子持妻子持刀去宰狼刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌小偷吓得发了慌:躲在架后保己命躲

8、在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。半片树叶遮目光。serf， gulf , reef, roof, chief, proof, beliefwifewives knifeknives wolfwolves thiefthieves shelfshelves selfselves lifelives halfhalves leafleaves 合成名词通常只将主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数soninlawsonsinlaw storytellerstorytellers“man/woman+n.”变复数时,作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数man teacher

9、men teachers woman engineerwomen engineers Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要变形：、需要变形：Englishman - Englishmen3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans 2.不规则变化(1)变内部元音footfeet脚manmen男人womanwomen女人tooth

10、teeth牙goosegeese鹅gentlemangentlemen绅士(2)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊 deer鹿 spacecraft太空船aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人Swiss瑞士人means方法crossroads十字路口headquarters总部series连续,系列，丛书species种类(3)外来名词的复数形式criterioncriteria标准phenomenonphenomena现象bacteriumbacteria细菌mediummedia媒体analysisanalyses分析basisbases基础crisiscrises危

11、机thesistheses论文(4)fish表示不同种类的鱼时,其复数形式通常为fishes,而表示鱼的条数时,其复数形式与单数形式相同。表示“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。There are many different fishes in this river.I bought five fish today.(5)penny表示便士的“价值”时复数为pence,常与数词搭配来表示钱数:five pence五便士,ten pence十便士;表示便士的“个数”时复数为pennies。二、不可数名词二、不可数名词一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,没有复数形式,一般也不用不定冠词a或an修饰。常考

12、的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, luggage, equipment, furniture, fun, work(工作),homework, housework, health,information, music, news, progress, traffic,wealth, weather, space(太空), word （消息）room(空间),man(人类)针对练习针对练习1(2019江西新余期中)Sometimes theres so much work for you to deal with and you feel its beyond your abil

13、ity to fulfill it. Actually, you can take _ (measure) to help yourself.6(2019湖北七校联考)Even though there werent _ (leaf) on the trees, yet I could still hear birds singing songs of spring.10(2019山东滕州一中检测)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) is an important part of Chinese culture. Great_ _(success) have b

14、een made in many areas through TCM cures.5(2019洛阳统一考试)Once I broke a_ (neighbor) window. Seeing nobody around, I ran away immediately.measuresleavessuccessesneighbors三.名词所有格s所有格主要用于表示人或其他有生命的名词的所有关系,表示“的”。his parents companyRobert Brownings poem表示时间、距离、价格。例如:todays newspapera five days journey表示店铺、医

15、院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时,名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。例如:at the barbers (shop)at the doctors (office)at the tailors (shop)用法精讲用法精讲s所有格的构成规则构成举例单数名词和复数名词词尾没有s,通常加“s”the boys bagthe childrens rooms以s结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加“”the workers strugglethe Teachers Day合成词,在最后一个词的词尾加“s”her brotherinlaws character复合不定代词后加else,在else后加“s”somebo

16、dy elses possessions作为一个整体的词组一般在最后一个词的词尾加san hour and a halfs walk2. of2. of属格：属格： 多用于无生命现象的名词， 也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用of短语来表示所有关系。 如：the cover of the book; a toy of Li Pings younger brother3 3双重属格双重属格： 既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:a friend of my fathers; a book of Toms4.4.表示表示

17、“某人自己的某人自己的”的属格的属格: : 用of ones ownof ones own表示，不可用of反身代词。 例如：This is the house of my own.Fill in the blanks.1. He received an _ (invite) the other day but didnt accept it.2. The old teacher has rich experience in _ (translate).3. She plays an active role in daily _ (active).4. The sudden _ (die) of

18、 the leader shocked and upset the whole nation.5. The _ (mix) tasted terrible.6. Never shall I forget your _ (kind).7. After _ (graduate), he went to work as a teacher and then in a government office.translationinvitationactivitiesdeathmixturekindnessgraduation8. This is a _(decide) made by the majo

19、rity.9. He lost his grandparents in his _ (child).10. To our _ (satisfy), he managed to pass the driving test eventually.11. He is one of the _ (survive) of the air crash.12. It is of great _ (necessary) that we learn English well if we want to go to a fine university.13. Nobody can enter my study w

20、ithout my _ (permit).14. He seems to be in low _ (spirit). Lets go and cheer him up. decisionchildhoodsatisfactionsurvivorsnecessitypermissionspirits 15. Chinas Liangzhu Archaeological Site. . .It was officially submitted to UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win_(recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site

21、.recognition注意动词变名词时的拼写变化注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeedsuccess 成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 发音3. explainexplanation 解释 4. decidedecision 决定5. enterentrance 进入 6. permitpermission 允许7. refuserefusal 拒绝 8. considerconsideration 考虑9. discoverdiscovery 发现 10. concludeconclusion 得出结论11. arrivearrival 到达 12. sur

22、vive survival 幸存者13. weighweight 重量 14 . describe description 15. appreciate appreciation 16. recognize recognition 17. invite invitation 18. freefreedom19. existexistence 20. serve service 21. mixmixture 22. bravebravery 23. loseloss24. expect expectation 25. admit admission 26. cruel cruelty 27. c

23、ompete competition competitor 冠词考点及复习要点冠词考点及复习要点1、不定冠词的用法比较；、不定冠词的用法比较；2、定冠词的习惯用法；、定冠词的习惯用法；3、零冠词的用法；、零冠词的用法；4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法；、在习惯用语中冠词的用法；不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法1.The Wilsons live in _ Ashaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a 2.Mrs. Taylor has _ 8year

24、old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; aDC1.不定冠词a,an单词的发音以辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母)开头时用a;单词的发音以元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)开头时用an如:a university, a useful book, a oneeyed dog,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an Xray,an ugly man等。用法精讲用法精讲2.不定冠词的用法:用于单数可数名词前,表

25、示泛指;用于表示数量“一”;用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前;用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”; 用于时间、重量等名词前,表示“每一”;用于专有名词前,表示具有某种特性的人或物,某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间;用于抽象名词具体化时的某些名词之前;用于某些物质名词前表示“一杯、一份、一场、一阵”等;Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough days.在那些艰苦的日子里能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。3.含有不定冠词的常用搭配a waste of.的浪费a collection of一批as a result 因此

26、as a rule通常as a whole 总体上as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措at a distance离一段距离in a hurry匆忙in a word 总之in a sense在某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上all of a sudden突然once in a while偶尔地once upon a time 从前 for a while一段时间;一会儿be/go on a diet节食come to an end 结束give sb. a lift让某人搭便车have a gift for有天赋have/catch a cold感冒h

27、ave/take a rest 休息have a good time玩得高兴have a word in sbs ear与说私话have a holiday度假have a knowledge of在某方面知识渊博have a good command of 掌握;精通have a population of有人口have a history of 有的历史an area of的面积keep an eye on 照看;留意make a living谋生pay a visit to 拜访What a pity/shame! 真遗憾!定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 1. As a rule, domes

28、tic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours 2.On May 5, 2019, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. Athethea a定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的

29、人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3）指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类 人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where d

30、o you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位 的名词前： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团 体、阶级、等

31、专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11) 用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前： Apples are sold by the pound. 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名词前不加 the。12) 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening

32、)； the day after tomorrow； the day before yesterday；the next morning； in the sky (water，field，country)； in the dark；in the rain；in the distance； in the middle (of)；in the end； on the whole； by the way；go to the theatre 1.定冠词的常见用法用于特指的人或事物前;用于自然界中独一无二的事物前;用于双方都知道或上文已提到的人或物之前;用于表方向或方位的名词前;用于形容词或形容词化的过

33、去分词前,表示一类人或物;用于表示西洋乐器的名词之前;用于姓氏的复数名词前,表示某某一家人、某某夫妇等;用法精讲用法精讲用于整十的数词的复数形式前,表示年代;用于序数词、形容词的最高级前;用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”前,表示“某人身体的某个部位”;用于计量单位名词前。All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.除非另外说明,这本书中的所有照片都要追溯到20世纪50年代。This is the most interesting novel I have eve

34、r read. The police caught the thief by the arm. People often hire the car by the hour.固定搭配in the world在世界上 one.the other.一个另外一个in the end最后,终于in the daytime在白天in the habit of习惯make the most/best of充分利用in the distance在远处in the way挡路on the whole大体上on the right/left在右/左面at the same time同时at the moment此

35、刻for the time being暂时in the public eye 广为人知的go to the doctor去看病by the way顺便说一下on the radio/phone在广播/电话里on the spot在现场,当下,当场to tell(you)the truth说实话,老实说go to the cinema去看电影not in the least(=not at all)一点也不on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面for the most part通常,多半the+比较级,the+比较级 越,就越the+比较级+of

36、the two两个中较的一个零冠词的用法零冠词的用法1. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. Athe; the B不填；a Cthe; a D不填；不填 2. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the, 不填 D. the, a B BB B1）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，

37、表示一类人或事物时，可不用定 冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师。3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。 5）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。6）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； T

38、he guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7）在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加 冠词 如：have breakfast，play chess 但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰，则需要加 冠词。如：have a big breakfast11)不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 12）在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短

39、语和习惯用语。13）特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如： go to hospital go to the hospital at table at the table in charge of in the charge of out of question out of the question零冠词的用法口诀月、季、星期、洲, 称呼、头衔、职务前;三餐、球类、惯用语; 学科、棋类名词前。名师点津名师点津表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等的名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等，其前要用冠词。According to the weather report, we

40、will have a very hot summer this year.根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。 含有零冠词的常用搭配含有零冠词的常用搭配at present目前ahead of time 提前 at risk有危险by accident 碰巧by law根据法律by mistake错误地in fact 事实上in peace和平in advance 提前in danger处于危险中in trouble 有麻烦from morning till night从早到晚lose heart灰心on second thoughts转念一想out of work失业out

41、of control 失控take part in参加be under repair 处于维修中1.(2019浙江)Everybody wears _ same style of clothes.2(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _ top.3When I traveled in Boston, I lived with _ Smiths, who were very friendly to me. 4Hearing these w

42、ords, Tony became really angry and hit Jack in _ face. 5When one buys something on hire purchase (分期付款), he/she has to pay out by _ month.6(2019厦门高三期末)Its never easy for _ Asian athlete to shine in track and field events.7(2019全国卷)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was _ jo

43、ke.8(2019湖北)In Australia, which has the highest number of food advertisements in childrens television in the world, there are _ average of 12 food ads per hour.9(2019陕西）Im _ 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress.10.The leaders from the world are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Zhejiang.thethethethetheanaananaHomework1.预习并完成优化方案专题代词与数词 (P289)。2. 每天坚持做完型与阅读。