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1、. .1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较: 疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩X是朝哪个方向的? 限定词: Whose
2、books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River being part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 说明1: 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的X围不同。what所指的X围是无限的,而which则指在一定的X围内,例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? What girls do you like best?
3、你喜欢什么样的姑娘? 说明2: Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代。) 说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在
4、句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如: For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体) What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语) 说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如: I cant make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗? Much of what you say I agree wi
5、th, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。 3)疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中作为某一句子成分。如: What is this? (what作表语)这是什么? Which is bigger, the left one or the right one? (which作主语)哪一个大一点,左边的一个还是右边的一个? What are you talking about? (what作宾语)你在说什么? Who will go with you? (who作主语)谁和你一起去? Whom ar
6、e you talking to? (whom作宾语)你在跟谁说话? Whose dictionary is this? (whose作定语)这是谁的字典? which表示在一定数目(或X围)之内的选择,what则没有这种限制。如:Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? 咖啡和茶,你喜欢喝哪种? What do you usually drink before dinner? 你饭前通常喝什么? 4)疑问代词可以引导主语、宾语、表语从句等。疑问代词本身在从句中担当一定的句子成分。如: Who will attend the meeting is still no
7、t decided. 谁出席这个会议,现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句,它本身又在从句中作主语。) Do you know which grade she is in? 你知道她上几年级了吗?(疑问代词which引导宾语从句,它本身在从句中作定语。) What he says sounds true. 他讲的话听起来很对。(疑问代词what虽然相当于all that,它引导一个主语从句,但它本身作从句的宾语。) What his name is remains unknown. 还没有人知道他叫什么名字。(疑问代词what引导主语从句,what在从句中作表语) 疑问代词的用法归
8、纳一、疑问代词的用法疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等:Who is your English teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁?Whose is this umbrella? 这伞是谁的?Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞?What question did he ask? 他问了什么问题?Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你喜欢那样?【说明】who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语,what, which, whose 则既可
9、用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。二、两组疑问代词的用法比较1. who 与 whom:前者为主格,用作主语,后者为宾格,用作宾格:Who spoke at the meeting? 谁在会上发言了?Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁?但是,当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时,通常可用who 代之:Who(m) is the letter from? 这信是谁寄来的?若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom。2. what, which 与 who: 若后接名词(即用作限定词),只用which和what,不能用who:Which / What trai
10、n did you e on? 你是坐哪次火车来的?What和 which 的区别是:当选择的X围较小或比较明确时,多用 which;当选择的X围较较大或不明确时,多用 what:Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?但是,若指人,即使选择的X围不明确,也多用 which:Which What writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家? 若其后不接名词(即用作代词),三者均可用,which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。
11、至于who,它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人),不管选择X围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用:Who won Tom or Mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?当选择X围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可用which或which one代之:Who Which /Which one do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲? 由于what和who的选择X围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,表示其他的人(或事物),但却通常不跟表示特定X围的of 短语;而 which 的选择X围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,却常与表特定X围的of短语连用:Who (What) else did you see there? 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?Which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大? 另外,比较以下两句:Who is he? 他是谁?(who 指XX、关系等)What is he? 他是干什么的?(what 指职业、地位等) . .word.
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