中考语法总复习---非谓语动词.pptx

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1、非谓语动词包括非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词形式和动词-ed形式。形式。在句中在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。不能单独作谓语，不受主语人称和数的限制。既有动词性质（有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质既有动词性质（有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等（不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。）。非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词-ing形式。形式。动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，有时有时to可可以省

2、略。以省略。其否定形式为其否定形式为“not+动词不定式动词不定式”。 在在句中作句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语主语、宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等等。e.g. To learn English well is difficult.动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用常用it代代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式后动词不定式后置，置，上面的例句常写为：上面的例句常写为：Its difficult to learn English well.考点一：作主考点一：作主语语形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：形式主

3、语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：Its+adj.+(of / for sb.) to do sth.或或Its+n.+(for sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. +时间段时间段+to do sth. e.g. Its very nice of you to offer me a seat. Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. It was great fun to have a picnic there.考点二：作宾考点二：作宾语语只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有ag

4、ree, afford, choose, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, prefer, promise, refuse, want, wish等等。提示：在提示：在find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置。动词不定式后置。e.g. I find it hard to get along with him. 考点三：作宾语补足考点三：作宾语补足语语1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾

5、语补足语，这类动一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有词有allow, advise, ask, call, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, need, order, teach, tell, train, want, warn等。等。 提提示：示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to的的动词不动词不定定式式，也可以是不带，也可以是不带to的动词的动词不定不定式。式。 e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the chair?2. 使役动词使役动词(ma

6、ke, let等等)及感官动词及感官动词(see, feel, hear, watch, notice等等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to，在，在变为被动语态时要加上变为被动语态时要加上to。 e.g. I saw a young man enter the room. She was often heard to sing this song.考点四：作定考点四：作定语语动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。e.g. I havent

7、 had the chance to think yet. （作名词的定语）（作名词的定语）提示：提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。e.g. Tina has no paper to write on. 考点五：作状考点五：作状语语动词不定式作状动词不定式作状语一般表语一般表示示原因、目的、原因、目的、结果结果等。等。e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. (表示原因表示

8、原因) To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. (表示目的表示目的) The boy is old enough to take care of himself. (表示结果表示结果)考点考点六：与疑问词构成不定式短语六：与疑问词构成不定式短语“疑问词疑问词what, how, who, which, when+to do”在句在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。中作主语、表语、宾语等。e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map?考点七：在某些固定词组或句型中用不带考点七：在某些固定词组或句型中用不带to的

9、动词的动词不不定定式式(短语短语)。如：如：had better do, used to do, be supposed to do, would rather do than do, Why not do .?, prefer to do rather than do等。等。1. My teacher encouraged me _ English as much as possible. (2021黑龙江牡丹江鸡西中考黑龙江牡丹江鸡西中考) A. speaking B. speakC. to speak2. My family will go on a trip to Beijing th

10、is summer, but we havent decided _.Why not take the high-speed railway? (2021江苏常州中考江苏常州中考)A. when to leave B. how to get there C. which hotel to choose D. how long to stay thereCB3. Turn the world into a big family, and well make peoples wish _ true earlier. (2021辽宁丹东中考辽宁丹东中考)A. comes B. will comeC.

11、 comeD. to come4. The lecture (讲座讲座) is worth _. Please tell John _ late. (2021辽宁营口中考辽宁营口中考) A. attend；not beB. to attend；to beC. attended；to beingD. attending；not to beCD5. During the 16th century, Europe saw rich developments in science, medicine and the arts. People had to “invent” words _ new id

12、eas. (2021山东临沂中考山东临沂中考) A. to express B. expresses C. express6. Dont worry. We will meet next Monday _ the project again. (2021辽宁大连中考辽宁大连中考) A. discuss B. discussed C. discussing D. to discussAD7. Many university graduates go to work in the countryside _ villagers live a better life. (2021湖南郴州中考湖南郴州

13、中考)A. to helpB. helpingC. help8. The policeman told the children _ in the river. Its too dangerous! (2021江苏宿迁中考江苏宿迁中考)A. to not swim B. not to swim C. not swim D. not swimming9. _ the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone. (2021内蒙古呼和浩特、包头中考内蒙古呼和浩特、包头中考)A. Enjoyed B. EnjoyingC. Enjoy D. To

14、 enjoyABD10. I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people _ closer to them. (2021江苏南京江苏南京)A. getB. to getC. getting D. got11. The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something _ it. (2021云南云南)A. protectB. protectingC. to protect D. protected12

15、. The villagers plan _ a new bridge over the river. (2021重庆中考重庆中考A卷卷)A. build B. building C. to buildD. builtBCC13. Its necessary for students _ eye exercises. (2021黑龙江龙东中考黑龙江龙东中考) A. do B. doing C. to do 14. Our school has held many activities _ the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China. (

16、2021福建中考福建中考) A. celebrate B. celebratedC. to celebrateCC15. I have less homework than before!Me, too. Now, we have enough time _ sports. (2021海南中考海南中考)A. do B. doing C. to do16. Mr.White invited me _ the hill with him last weekend. (2021吉吉林中考林中考)A. to climb B. climb C. climbing CA17. When I was you

17、ng, my parents taught me _ older people kindly. (2021天津中考天津中考)A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat18. Lets go to the movies this weekend.Sorry, but my parents and I have decided _ to Dongjiang Lake for camping. (2020湖南郴州湖南郴州) A. go B. going C. to goBC19. Teachers expect all their students _ pro

18、gress day by day. (2020山东青岛山东青岛) A. to make B. makeC. to takeD. take20. Reading is a good way _ the world. (2020甘肃天水甘肃天水) A. for know B. for knows C. to know D. to knowsAC21. The exam is over! Why not _ to the movies and relax ourselves? (2021黑龙江绥化中考黑龙江绥化中考)A. go B. to go C. goingA动词动词-ing形式形式动词的动词的

19、-ing形式由形式由“动词原形动词原形+-ing”构成，其构成，其否定形式为否定形式为“not+动动词词-ing形式形式”。动词的动词的-ing形式在句中可以作形式在句中可以作主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足语宾语补足语等。等。 考点一：作主考点一：作主语语动词动词-ing形式作形式作主语和动词不定式作主语，主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。在很多情况下可以通用。e.g. Playing / To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.考点二：作宾考点二：作宾语语1. 在在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词初

20、中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的形式作宾语的词及词及短语有短语有：*avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise, stop, suggest (建议建议)等等。*be afraid of, be busy, be good at, be interested in, be / get used to, be worth, cant help, care about, end up, feel like, give up, have fun (in), have difficulty

21、 (in), have a good time (in), how / what about, keep on, look forward to, put off, spend time in, thanks for, prefer to , think about等。等。2. 有些及物动词（如有些及物动词（如like, love, hate, begin, start等）既可以跟动词的等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，意，意思思上没什么差别。如：上没什么差别。如： e.g. Do you like reading / to r

22、ead?3. 有些及物动词（如有些及物动词（如remember, forget, stop, try等）既可以跟动词的等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。forget / remember to do sth. 忘记忘记 / 记得要做某事记得要做某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘记忘记 / 记得做过某事记得做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事try to do sth. 设法做某事设法做某事t

23、ry doing sth. 尝试做某事尝试做某事need to do sth. 需要去做某事需要去做某事need doing 需要被做需要被做mean to do sth. 打算去做某事打算去做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事意味着做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事遗憾要做某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事后悔做过某事考点三：宾语补足语考点三：宾语补足语一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词一些动词既可以接动词不定式

24、又可接动词-ing形式，作形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。宾语补足语的有区别。感官动词感官动词(see，watch，notice，hear，feel等等) 后既可跟后既可跟不带不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。动作正在进行。考点四：作定考点四：作定语语e.g. The man standing there is my friend. 1. My parents are used to _ after supper. (2021广西梧

25、州广西梧州) A. walk B. walks C. walking D. walked2. Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from _ directly in your eyes. (2021山东临沂中考山东临沂中考) A. shineB. shiningC. to shine CB3. English is difficult _ at the beginning. Yes, but if you keep _, you can make progress. (2021黑龙江大庆黑龙江大庆) A. to be learned; try

26、ing B. to learn; tryingC. to be learned; to try D. to learn; to try4. The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him _ in the music room. (2021四川广元中考四川广元中考)A. to singB. singsC. singing D. singBC5. So far, Hi, Mom is one of the most _ films Ive ever seen. Thats true. It is well worth _ again. (2

27、021黑龙江龙东中考黑龙江龙东中考)A. move; see B. moved; to see C. moving; seeing6. The film Hi, Mom（你好你好, 李焕英李焕英）is moving, and I think it is well worth _.(2021湖北十堰中考湖北十堰中考)A. seeB. to be seenC. seeing D. to seeCC7. Look! There are some students _ basketball on the playground.Yes. I often see them _ basketball the

28、re. (2021贵州铜仁中考贵州铜仁中考)A. play; play B. play; playing C. playing; play D. playing; playing8. How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam?Keep on _ and youll make progress. (2021湖南邵阳中考湖南邵阳中考)A. practice B. practicing C. to practiceCB9. During our holidays, we should avoid _ up at night and oversleeping

29、in the morning.(2021江苏苏州中江苏苏州中考考)A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying10. Would you mind not _ football in the hallway?Sorry, I wont. (2021四四川自贡中考川自贡中考) A. playB. playing C. to playDB11. A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble _ proper living place. We should help them. (2021四川泸州中考四川泸

30、州中考)A. findB. found C. to find D. findingDI.I.用用括号内所给动词的适当形式填括号内所给动词的适当形式填空空1. What are you going to do with the clothes? Some clothes will be given to the poor and the others will be sent to factories for _. (recycle)2. To keep healthy, we should pay attention to _ (wear) masks and washing hands. 3

31、. We must be careful to avoid _ (make) mistakes in the exam.recyclingwearingmaking4. When he heard the good news, he couldnt help _ (jump). 5. All the doctors and nurses didnt give up _ (save) the young man.6. The worried mother is looking forward to _ (hear) from her daughter.7. Could you tell me w

32、hat the sign means? Keep distance in public places to avoid _ (catch) a virus. jumpingsavinghearingcatching8. Its popular _ (hire) a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake. 9. Do you mind me _ (open) the window? 10. The teacher told us to pay attention to _ (spell) English words. to hireopeningspellingII. 补补全句子。全句子。通通过与同学过与同学交流交流你会找到更好的学习方法你会找到更好的学习方法。(communicate)You can find better leaning methods by _ your municating with