2022年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题10NO字部.doc
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1、专题十 N、O字部1. nationaladj.国家的,全国性的,民族的;国内的,本国的;国有的,国立的关联词组:National Day国庆节;national standard国家标准;national culture民族文化;national team国家队national表示“国家的,全国性的,与local当地的,地方性的相对。例如:Between 1929 and 1933 Americas national income fell by more than half. 1929至1933年间,美国的国民收入下降过半。national表示“国内的,本国的,与international
2、相对。例如:national and international news国内和国际新闻national表示“国有的,国立的:a national museum国家博物馆词性转换:nation n.国家;民族;nationally adv.全国性;nationality n.国籍关联单词:international adj.国际的2022,江西卷,阅读BI come from Kitengela, a farming community on the edge (边缘) of Nairobi National Park of Kenya (肯尼亚).2. naturaladj.自然的,天然的关
3、联词组:natural gas天然气;natural environment自然环境;natural resource自然资源;natural world自然界;natural science自然科学用法:natural表示“自然的,天然的,与man-made人造的相对,例如:the need for natural light in offices 办公室里需要自然光的照射natural表示“天生的,本能的,与生俱来的,形容行为或能力:Babies have a natural fear of falling.婴儿本能地害怕跌倒。词性转换:naturally adv.自然地,天然地;natu
4、re n.自然;性质,种类:in nature本质上;by nature天生地;生性;mother nature大自然;human nature人性反义词:unnatural adj.不自然的2022,江苏卷,词汇检测43. Amy and Annie will go on a natural history walk next _星期日.3. nearadj.近的,不远的;adv.在附近,不久以后;prep.在附近,靠近用法:near作形容词,表示“距离或时间近的,不远的,不久的。例如:Wheres the nearest bank? 最近的银行在哪儿?in the near future在
5、不久的未来;短期内near作副词,表示“距离或时间不远,在附近,不久以后。例如:She took a step nearer.她走近一步。The exams are drawing near. 考试越来越近了。near作介词,有时可和to连用,表示“在附近;临近。例如:Do you live near here? 你住在这附近吗?近义词:close,next to关联单词:nearly=almost adv.几乎,差不多:Ive worked here for nearly two years. 我已经在这里工作了将近两年。2022,浙江卷,阅读BRemember: whenever you
6、are on a trampoline, be careful not to jump near the edge of it.2022,山东卷,阅读表达In France, women now receive nearly $1,000 a month for a year if they have a third child.4. necessaryadj.必需的,必要的关联词组:if necessary如果必要的话;when necessary在必要时用法:常用搭配有it is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事很有必要。例如:It is nec
7、essary for us to meet.我们有必要见面。词性转换:necessarily adv.必要地,必定地;necessity n.需要;必然性;必需品近义词:important adj.重要的2022,山东卷,阅读CA gift is necessary when one is invited to visit friends in China.5. needn.需要,需求;v.需要;必须关联词组:theres no need (for sb.) to do sth.某人不必做某事;be in need of sth.需要need作名词:一般使用单数,表示“需要,需求,常和for或
8、to do搭配。例如:Theres a growing need for new housing in many areas. 许多地区对新住房的需求不断增长。We fully realized the need to improve communications. 我们充分意识到需要改善沟通交流。如果使用复数needs,那么表示“生活必需品:She works to provide for her familys basic needs. 她工作是为了维持家里的根本生计。need作动词:充当实意动词,否认形式dont need,疑问形式do you need;可用于need sth.或nee
9、d (sb.) to do sth.等结构:I dont need him to help me.我不需要他帮助我。充当情态动词,否认形式为neednt=need not,疑问形式为need you;后接动词原形:Need I pay the whole amount now? 我必须现在全部付清吗?2022,浙江卷,阅读BIf you would like to start trampolining, you may first need to ask a doctor to make sure its a safe activity for you.6. neitheradj.&pron.
10、两者都不的;adv.也不用法:neither可充当形容词或代词表限定,作动词:Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。neither作副词,表示“也不:He didnt remember and neither did I. 他没记住,我也忘了。neithernor结构充当连词,表示“既不也不:Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation. 这次度假他和他的妻子都玩得不开心。2022,山东卷,单项填空28. A break between
11、 classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _helps with students health, _improves their social skills.A. either; or B. neither; nor C. not only; but also7. nervousadj.紧张不安的,担忧的;神经系统的关联词组:nervous system神经系统;feel/get nervous感到/变得紧张用法:nervous是形容词,可作表语或定语,可
12、与介词of或about搭配:She is always very nervous about the future.她总是对未来非常忧虑。We were all a bit nervous of him at first. 起初我们都有点怕他。词性转换:nervously adv.神经质地;焦急地;nerve n.神经,勇气;nervousness n.紧张不安2022,浙江卷,阅读B19. The writer says that buying things _.A. can make people worriedB. can make people nervousC. may lead t
13、o sadness for longD. may lead to happiness for a short time8. noisen.声音;噪声;喧闹声关联词组:traffic noise交通噪声;noise control噪声控制;low noise低噪声;make a noise吵闹,喧哗 用法:noise既是可数名词,也是不可数名词。如专指“噪音,视为不可数;如指某种间断的声响,可作可数名词。例如:They were making too much noise. 他们的噪声太大了。There was a strange noise in his ears. 他听到奇怪的杂音。nois
14、e和sound的区别:noise通常特指大声、令人不悦的噪音,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词;sound为可数名词,仅指听到的声音或响声。例如:What a terrible noise! 多么令人讨厌的噪音啊!All she could hear was the sound of the waves. 她听得到的只有海浪声。词性转换:noisy adj.嘈杂的,喧闹的2022,山东卷,阅读AOver 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of listening to loud noise fo
15、r long periods of time.9. nonepron.无任何东西或人,没有一点,全无用法:通常和of搭配使用:I wish I could offer you some cake but theres none left. 我真想能请你吃些蛋糕,但一点也没剩的了。None of my friends call me any more. 再也没有朋友给我打 了。注意none和neither的区别:none用于指三个或三个以上的人或物;指两个人或物,用neither。例如:None of my friends came. 我的朋友一个都没来。Neither of my parent
16、s wanted me to marry him. 我的父母都不想让我嫁给他。注意none和no one的区别:none既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此通常与表范围的of短语连用;而no one(=nobody)只能指人,不能与of短语连用。如:None of that money on the table is mine.桌上没有一分钱是我的。No one (=Nobody) knows about it.没有人了解此事。none与数量有关,可答复how many问句,表示“一个也没有;而no one表示“什么人也没有,可答复who的问句。如:How many people are t
17、here in that room?None.那个房间里有几个人?一个人也没有。Who was late today?No one.今天谁迟到了?谁也没有迟到。关联单词:no adj.没有,无,不;adv. 不,不是;nobody pron.没有人,谁也不;nothing pron.没有东西,没有什么;nor conj.也不2022,湖北卷,选择填空37. Who runs in your class? Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race. A. faster B. slower C. fastest D. slowest10. nor
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