2022年中考英语语法考点知识复习9.docx

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1、2022年中考英语考点9主要句式 (一) 知识概要初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。陈述句中有肯定句与否认句之分。其中可以分为以下五种： 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主语+及物动

2、词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型参加助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：There is going to be a mee

3、ting tomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相照应。要注意的有如下几点：有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something 要作为单数如： Someone is

4、waiting for you在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and not only but also，neither nor，either or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didnt pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or， either or，如： Hurry up,

5、 or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 th

6、at, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I don

7、t understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for whose 如： I want to know whose book this is which 如： Do you know which book is mine 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how

8、 long, how soon, how old 。如： How much does it cost when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from 在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的照应问题。其中较难掌握的有以下几点：until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 oclock last n

9、ight. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，那么要用否认句，如： He didnt go to bed until his mother came back 由since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I have studied English since 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 那么多用于完成时， ago 那么多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished

10、his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago在原因状语从句中主要是because， 应译为因为。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard since 应译为既然，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk as 应译为由于，如： As it is too hot wed better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果

11、关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点：as as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否认句为 not as (so) as， 如： They didnt work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如：

12、He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型：定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me结果和目的状语从句主要有 so that， so that， in order

13、 that等几种用法。so that用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容词 名词 that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they sho

14、uld win the game.在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I have so little money that I cant buy it so that 之间只有形容词时，那么不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buyso that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus二正误辨析 误 The stories in that book was written many years ago 正 The stori

15、es in that book were written many years ago. 析 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语那么不可能再作主语了。误 To read many books are good for you 正 To read many books is good for you 析 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 误 What he said are right 正 What he sai

16、d is right 析 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。 正 The rich is not always happy 误 The rich are not always happy 析 形容词定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports误 You or she go to get some water for us 正 You or she goes to get some water for us 析 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either or

17、，neither nor， not only but also 也有人称作就近原那么。析 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。误 My glasses is broken 正 My glasses are broken 误 This pair of glasses are good 正 This pair of glasses is good 误 These kinds of butter is good.正 These kinds of butter are good析 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts

18、短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后那么要按量词的单复数计算。误 One of the boys are going to take part in the match 正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match 析 One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。 误 Half of the work are done 正 Half of the work is done 误 Half of the books is read 正 Half of the books are read 析 在小于1的数量词作主

19、语时，如： ， of 名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，那么谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数那么要用复数谓语动词。误 Each sides are full of trees 正 Each side is full of trees误 Both side is full of trees 正 Both sides are full of trees 析 each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词全部

20、要用单数形式。误 The boys each has an apple 正 The boys each have an apple 析 each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。误 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert 正 Every one of us has a ticket for the concert 析 everyone， someone， everybody 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。误 Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football 正 Girls l

21、ike dancing very much， but few like playing football 析 few 虽然含意上是几乎没有，但作主语时仍要当作复数。误 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred 正 The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred 析 the number of 意为：某某的数字是 如： the number of students 学生人数， the number of players 运发动人数。不管数字如何都应看作单数。

22、而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass误 The rest of the students is here 正 The rest of the students are here 误 The rest of the work are done 正 The rest of the work is done 析 the rest of 的用法与，一半， of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓

23、语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。误 The news in todays newspaper are not bad 正 The news in todays newspaper is not bad 析 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， 误 The Chinese is kind and friendly 正 The Chinese are kind and friendly 析 Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： o

24、ne Chinese， two Chinese 而 The Chinese The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。误 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me正 This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me析 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。误 Who are going to take part in our football match 正 Who i

25、s going to take part in our football match 析 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 那么要视其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes 又如： which is better this one or that one 误 What a hot weather it is! 误 How hot the weather it is! 正 What hot weather it is! 正 How hot the weather is! 析 感慨句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀

26、乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好方法是将它们换为陈述句，比方： What the hot weather it is! 应转换为： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起点是单词 it。 再来看感慨句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 那么只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 转为陈述句时为： The weather is hot这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 再来看感慨句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。 至于是用 wha

27、t a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。误 We have to sing this， have we 误 We have to sing this， havent we 正 We have to sing this, dont we 析 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外：Lets go home， shall we Let us go home， will you She had to leave， didnt she Do your homework at once， will you There is not mu

28、ch good news in todays newspaper， is there Neither of them are right， are they 误 I want to know where does he live 正 I want to know where he lives 析 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。误 - I havent got a ticket for the football match- Nor I have 正 - I havent got a ticket for the football match- Nor (Neither) have

29、 I 析 nor， neither 用在简答否认句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中那么要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary析 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，那么要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词那么用一般语序。误 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us No， I dont hope so 正 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us No， I hope not 析 我不这样想，可用 I dont

30、think so 但 hope 的否认简答句只能用 I hope not 这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如： I think so. I hope so误 That is difficult for us to learn English well 正 It is difficult for us to learn English well 析 It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think

31、 的形式宾语。三例题解析 1 There a pencilbox on the deskA .is B.are C. has D. have答案 A.析 There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2 Could you tell me AMrs King where lives Bwhere does Mrs King live Cwhere Mrs King lives DM

32、rs King lives where答案 C.析 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。3 Your brother came to see you， Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he 答案 D.析 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否认句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didnt he4 Its getting cloudy， Adoes it Bdoesnt it Cis it Disnt it答案 D.析 要区分s 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出s 是is。5 keep me waiting so longANot BW

33、ont CDont DNot to答案 C.析 Dont 动词原形为祈始句的否认句。6 Mr Green hasnt been to Beijing, Ahas he Bhasnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he答案 A.析 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。7 You have your lunch at school, Ahave you Bhavent you Cdo you Ddont you 答案 D.析 这里的 have 是实意动词吃，而不是助动词。8 sunny day! Lets go out for a walkAHow a BHow CWhat a

34、 DWhat答案 C.析 这个感慨句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!9 - Can you tell me - Sure Shes a nurseAwhere is your sister Bwhere your sister is Cwhat is your sister Dwhat your sister is答案 D.析 who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he He is Smith 或 He is my father What 问的是职业，如： What is he He is a teacher10 John likes listen

35、ing to the radio， Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdoesnt John Ddoes Johe答案 B.析 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。11 Neither you nor I on the teamAare Bwere Cam Dis答案 C.析 由 neither nor 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相照应。12 delicious food! Id like some moreAwhat a BHow a CWhat DHow答案 C.析 因 food 为不可数名词。13 there a cat under the chair AA

36、re BIs CHas DHave答案 B.析 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。14 Could you tell me Awhen the train will arrive Bwhen the train arrived Cwhen did the train arrive Dwhen does the train arrives答案 A.析 could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。15 - bad weather!- Yes， But its going to be fine soon， I thinkAHow BWhat a CWha

37、t an DWhat答案 D.析 weather 为不可数名词。16 - Could you tell me - Yes， They to the libraryAwhere are the twins， have been Bwhere were the twins， have been Cwhere the twins are， have gone Dwhere the twins were， have gone 答案 C.析 have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。17 Go and the TV quickly

38、The volleyball match will begin right awayAturn off Bturn down Cturn up Dturn on 答案 D.析 这是个祈使句，它由 and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。18 Lets go for some tea， Ashall we Bwill we Cdo we Ddont we答案 A.析 Lets go ， shall we Let us go ， will you 这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。 19 Joans short， Awasnt she Bhasnt she Cisnt she Ddoesnt she

39、答案 C.析 在此句中应视s为is，而不是 has 或 was。20 I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D.析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑问副词 how。21 He didnt go to school， he was illAfor Bbut Cand Dso答案 A.析 这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如： He was only twelve， so he co

40、uldnt join the army22 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， she Adoesnt Bdoes Ccant Dcan答案 D.析 hardly 为否认词，所以应视此句为否认句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。23 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cisnt he Dis he答案 A.析 never 也是否认词，所以应将句子看作否认句。24 Mother said to him， Dont on football答案 A.25 Mr White，

41、 together with some Japanese friends， visit our school this afternoonAare going to Bis going to Chave Dhas答案 B.析 句子的主语是Mr White， 而together with 是伴随状况，不影响句子的主语。26 There is little water in the glass， Ais it Bis there Cisnt it Disnt there答案 B.析 这是 there be 句型的反意疑问句。27 Ampere was thinking about a maths

42、problem， Adidnt he Bwasnt he Cdid he Dis he答案 B.析 这是进行时态的反意疑问句。Awasnt Bdidnt Chasnt Disnt答案 B.析 had 这里是实意动词而不是助动词。29 Well make for you in the front of the carAa room Broom Crooms Dsome rooms答案 B.析 room 此处为不可数名词，意为地方，空间。30 Neither she nor I to the Great wall beforeAhas gone Bhave gone Chave been Dhas

43、 been答案 C.析 由neither nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相照应。31 Help me collect these books， Aare you Bwill you Cdo you Dshall you答案 B.析 祈使句的反意疑问句应用 will you， 而Lets go 例外，其反意疑问句为 shall we 32 The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses change much if people leave things as they areAdont Bdoesnt Cisnt Ddidnt答案 B.析 the number of 为的数量、数目，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而 a number of 要加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。33 Shes had breakfast， Ais she Bisnt she Chasnt she