初中英语同义句转换的九种类型.doc

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1、. -初中英语同义句转换的九种类型同义句转换题是近几年中考及初中三年期间英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思一样。它综合考察学生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型构造等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型构造填写句子，使句子构造完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子一样。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考察以下几个方面：运用同义词组进展转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进展替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相

2、适应。如：1. That day we could see flowers here and there.That day we could see flowers _.答案：everywhere解析：everywhere与here and there都表示“到处。2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.The teacher always_ _the children well in the school.答案：looks after解析：take good care of与look afterw

3、ell都表示“好好照顾。运用反义词组的否认式进展转换即用反义词或词组的否认式表达与原句一样的意思，主要考察学生对反义词词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1. Its clear that this visit is different from last time.Its clear that this visit is not the_ _last time.答案：same as解析：be different from意为“与不同；the same as意为“与一样，其否认式与be different from同义。2. I think wealth is less important tha

4、n health.I _ think wealth is _ important than health.答案：为dont，more解析：less important的意思是“没有不及重要；more important的意思是“比更重要，该构造与not连用，那么表示“不比更重要。另外，有的反义词即使不与否认词连用，而只需改变句子构造也可构成同义句。如：He lent some money to his friend.He friend _ some money _ him.答案为borrowed，from解析：borrowfrom.意为“向借；lendto.意为“把借给。两个构造意思相反，但假

5、设变换“借出者与“借入者的位置，那么可转换为同义句。运用不同语态进展转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.Library books should_ _ _ on time.答案：be given back解析：被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。2. It is widely accepted that more people use puters in the world today.It is widely acce

6、pted thatputers _ widely _ in the world today.答案为are，used解析：puters是复数名词，助动词用are。非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进展转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：1. The manager left two hours ago.The manager _ _ _ for two hours.答案:has been away解析：leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，那么可连用一段时间。2. The film bega

7、n five minutes ago.The film has been _ _ five minutes.答案：on for解析：has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for 时间段表示“持续一段时间，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.Mr Li _ _ _ the Party for twenty years.答案：has been in解析：短暂动词join，意为“参加、参加组织，政党，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in。运用不同引语

8、进展转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：1.“Ive found my wallet, he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ his wallet.答案：told，had found解析：此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。2. “Did you see her last week? he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.答案：asked if/ whether, before解析：此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。简单句与复合句之间的转换即将

9、简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：1. We didnt go out for a walk because it was raining.We didnt go out for a walk _ _ the rain.答案：because of解析：将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。2. He was so excited that he couldnt go to sleep.He was _ _ _ go to sleep.答案：too excited to解析：将sothat换成t

10、ooto构造，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。3. Now I will show you how to do the work.Now I will show you _ _ _ do the work.答案：how you can解析：即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式构造转换成宾语从句。4. You should put them back after you use them.You should put them back _ _ them.答案：after using解析：即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。并列句与复合句之间的转换即将

11、并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：1. e on, or well miss the early bus._ we _ hurry, well miss the early bus.答案为If，dont解析：if引导条件状语从句。2. The man gave us a talk last week. He will give us another talk this week.The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ us another talk this week.答案为who/ that，will give解析：who/ that

12、 gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。运用关联连词连接或合并句子即运用关联连词bothand，neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，bothand连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neithernor，eitheror，not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：1. Tom cant speak Japanese well and Jim cant, either._ Tom _ Jim can speak Japan

13、ese well.答案：Neither，nor解析：neithernor表示“和两者都不，刚好与原句的两个否认构造的意思相吻合。2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too._ Alice _ Peter have read the book.答案：Both，and解析：bothand的意思是“和两者都。3. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes.This store sells _ _ mens shoes _ _ mens clothes.答案：n

14、ot only，but also解析：not onlybut also表示“不仅而且之意。运用某些典型句式或构造进展转换这类典型构造如sothat，tooto，enough to，notuntil，so do I 等。如：1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.Jim wants to go boating, and _ _ his parents.答案：so do解析：句意为“他的父母也一样一样想去。2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework.答案：didnt，until解析：notuntil意为“直到才。. . word.zl-