应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Unit 1The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C2. B3. D4. C5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to emp

2、loy various methods for this purpose.2. Science isanever-increasing bodyofaccumulated andsystematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3. Life,afterall,is only chemistry, infact, a small example ofchemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4. People are made of mo

3、lecules; some of the moleculesin people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death becausewithoutchemistry there is neither life nor death.6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human l

4、ife, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1. a chemical process b natural sciencec the technique of distillation2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so forth/and otherwise.3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activ

5、ity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it.

6、IV . Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程连续进行，甚至的球上生命的显现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们或许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果 , 第一步特别快 , 其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（ I ）物理进化（化学元素的产生） ，（ II ）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）。和（ III ）生物进化（有机物的形成和进展） 。V. Solution:（ 1）The relative mass of1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams.

7、124H1.6735100.08398612 C1.992610 23If the mass of a12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -significant figures must be 1.0078 amu. 12

8、 amu x 0.083986 = 1.0078 amu（ 2）First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结0.693k5730 yr41.2110/ yr可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A 0logAkt 2.303可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结log1.0001.21104 / yrt可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结0.4772.3032.303log 2.093

9、t46.1106100 yr可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1.2110/ yrThe bone was tossedaway more precisely, the animal whose bone was died about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 B.C. We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.Unit 7The Nomenclature of Inorganic SubstancesI. Comprehensio

10、n1.A2.B3.C4.C5.BII. Give the systematic name for the following ammonium ion ;copperII ion ;strontium ion; CcopperI ion;ironII ion;zinc ion; hydrogen ion;leadII ion;aluminum;silver ion;magnesium ion;chromiumIII ion; Barium ;ManganeseII ion;ironIII ion; calcium ion;mercuryII ion;chromiumII ion;tinII i

11、on.carbon monoxide;ditrogen trioxide;carbon dioxide;diphosphorus pentoxide; sulfur trioxide;dichlorine heptoxidearsenate ion;sulfite ion;hydride ion; arsenite ion;bromide ion;hydroxide ion; phosphate ion;chlorate ion;hypochlorite ion; phosphate ion;chloride ion;iodate ion; carbonate ion;chlorite ion

12、;nitrate ion; chromate ion;cyanide ion;iodide ion; dichromate ion;fluoride ion;nitrate ion;oxide ion;hydrogen carbonate ion;nitrite ion;可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -sulfide ion;hydrog

13、en sulfate ion;perchlorate ion;sulfate ion;hydrogen sulfite ion;permanganate ion.III.Complete the table.FormulaOld nameSystematic nameFeOiron II oxideFe2O 3iron III oxideSnOH 2tinII hydroxideSnOH 4tinIV hydroxideHg 2SO4mercury I sulfateHgSO 4mercury II sulfateNaCLOsodium hypochloriteK 2Cr 2O7potassi

14、um dichromateCu 3AsO 42copperII arsenateCrC 2H 3O2 3chromiumIV acetateIV . Acid names may be obtained directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion negative ion. Use the rule to give the name of the following acid.Formula of acidOld nameName of acidH 2 CO3carbonic acidHClO 2chlorou

15、s acidHClO 4perchloric acidHCNhydrocyanic acidHBrhydrobromic acidH 4 SiO4silicicacidH 3 AsO4arsenic acidV. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.1.is altered;2.To illustrate3.indicates4.should expect 5.would cancel6. are pulled7.depend on8.are; refe

16、rred9.formed10.have discussedVI. Translation1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.4. The experiment was

17、successful.It s results was the same as what we had expected.5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. Parti

18、ally Solved可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Solutin to a: Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from formic acid:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结OHCOH+CNOHCO+HCN可编辑资料 - - -

19、 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结formicacid stronger acidcyanide stronger baseformate weaker baseweaker acid可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Reading from inorganic textbook, formic acid pKa=3.76 is a stronger acid than HCN pKa=9.22, and cyanide is a stronger base than formate. The products weaker acid an

20、d base are favored.VIII. Writeequations forthe net reactions which occur when the following materials are added to a sodium-ammonia solution.Answer: 1 2CH3GeH3 + 2e- H2 + 2CH 3GeH2-am2 I 2+ 2eam- 2I -3 C2H 52S + 2eam + NH 3 C2H 5S- + C2H 6 + NH 2Unit 10Nomenclature of HydrocarbonsI. Comprehension1.C

21、2.D3.B4.A5.B6.BII. Name the following compounds by the IUPAC system1 CH3CH2nCH3 n=2, 3, 4, 6, respectivelybutane, pentane, hexane, octane2 CH32-CH2-CH2-CH 2-CH32-methylpentane3 CH33C-CH2-CHC2H5-CH 2-CH34-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4 CH32CH-CH 2CH2-CHCH 2CH2CH3-CH CH325-isopropyl

22、-2-methyloctane可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5CH3-CH2-CH 2-CCH 2CH2CH3 2-CHCH 324-isopropyl-4-propylheptane6 - CH2-CHCH 32isobutylcyclobutane7CH2=CC2H5CHCH 322-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene8CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH 32-chloro-3-hexene9CH3-CHCH 3-CHC 2H5-C C-CH34-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexyne10CH2=CH-CCH1-buten-3-yne11CH3

23、2CH-CH 2CHOHCH 34-methyl-2-pentanol12CH3CH2CH=CHCHOHCH 33-hexen-2-ol13CH33C-OH2-methyl-2-propanol14CH33C-OCH2H52-ethoxy-2-methylpropane15CH32CH-CH 2-O-C2H51-ethoxy-2-methylpropane16CH2OH 21,2-ethanediol17CH3-CHOH-CH 2OH1,2-proanediol18CH2OH-CHOH-CH 2OH1,2,3-propanetriol19CH3CH2NH 2aminoethane20CH3CH

24、2CH2CHCH 3CH-NH-CH 3N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpent可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -aneIII. Draw structures for the following compounds.13-octeneC-C-C=C-C-C-C-C23-methy-2-heptene3cyclohexen

25、e42-pentyneC-CC-C-C53,3-dimethylhexyne可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结63-bromotolueneCH 3可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Br7vinyl chlorideC=C-Cl8acetyleneCC9para-dichlorobenzeneClCl10 m-chlorobromobenzeneBrCl11 tolueneCH 312 chlorobenzeneCl可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 33 页 - - - - -

26、- - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -13 1,2-dibromobenzeneBrBr14 naphthalene15 anthracene16 phenanthrene可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结17 2-methyl-1-propanolCCCOH C可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结18 CyclohexanolOH19 MethoxyetheneCCOC20 trans-2-ethoxycyclohexanolOHOC2H5IV . Decide w

27、hich item best completes each unfinished sentence.1.A 2.A 3.B 4.CV. Each of the following names is incorrect. Draw the structure represented by the incorrect name or a consistent structure if the name is ambiguous, and give your drawing the correct name.Unit 11Carboxylic Acids and Their DerivativesI

28、. Comprehension1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.C可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.1.brought out 2.dozen or so; put together 3.are made of ;divided by 4

29、.are different from 5.on the contrary; consist of 6.summed up 7.stand for 8.such as 9.are; dependent on 10.break down intoIII. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks. 1.with;as2.to3.about4.from5.intoIV . Translation1. Similarly, solvent also may not be liquid matter but the others2. A

30、graph plotting solubility against temperature is called a solubility curve. The curve plot drawn made / produced by solubility as one coordinate and temperature as another coordinate is called solubility curve.3. Air is mixture of gases , the most abundant of which is nitrogen in the form of N2 mole

31、cules.4. The direction of the reaction and the position of the equilibrium may also be affected by the temperature, pressure, and other conditions.5. Hydrogen has a great affinity for oxygen and easily combines with it to formwater.V. Translation玻意尔（ Bohr）模型提出不久后，人们就发觉原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。试验证明电子既有粒

32、子的性质（质量）也有光的特性（波的特性）。由于它的两重性，电子不能被看作是在确定范畴内绕核旋转的一种简洁粒子，而且如 Bohr 所说的，假如电子高速运动，我们就不能准确的知道它的位置。Unit 13Ultraviolet and Visible Molecular SpectroscopyI. Comprehension1.C2.D3.D4.D5.BII. Fill in the blanksof; as; in; out; In; for; for ; of; in; then; to; for;sincefor ; into.III. Fill the blank in each sent

33、ence with an appropriate phrase in its proper form.1. account for2.take part in3.think of.as4.As compared with5. is attached to6.on the contrary7.As in the case of8.in contrast with as against9. owing to10.Except for.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. ComprehensionUnit 17 Crystallisation可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师

34、归纳总结1.D2.A3.A4.D5.A可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.Stage;interna;symmetrical;basis;physical;Furthermore;composed; responsible; rea

35、sonable; overall.III. Choose the item from 1 6 that best matches the item ina f to make a correct sentence.1a;2b;3c;4d;5e;6fVI.Translate the following into Chinese共沸物。类质同晶。过饱和。砷酸盐。晶核。异丙基。醇。钠。硫酸盐。间甲酚。糖膏。 十水合物。结晶质的。同系物。衍生物。结晶。四硼酸盐。盐析。乙基乙酰苯胺。矿物油。Uint18 DistillationI. Comprehension1.B2.D3.A4. AII. Fill

36、in the blanks with the phrases given below.1. In order to2.in relation to3. in the case of 4.in the end5. in a number of6.lead to7.a messy way把握以下词汇:flashdistillation闪蒸;exit stream出流;equilibrium curve平稳曲线 ; weir 堰;redistillation重蒸 ;apparatus 设备 ;overhead product 塔顶产物;enthalpy 焓 ;intersection 交点 ; au

37、xiliary 帮助装置 ;rectifying section精馏段;reflux 回流 ;reboller 再沸器 ; stripping section 汽提（提馏）段;bottom product 塔底产物可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. ComprehensionUnit 21 catalysis可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1.A2.D3.D4. B5.CIV . Translate the following sentences into English(1) We define activity as size measure of cat

38、alysis of catalyst(2) catalyticreactionmaybecarriedoutindifferentphases, ofwhich mechanisms are generally consistent(3) Enzymes are the most efficient proteins in the human body which accelerate the metabolism of the human body.V. Translate the following into Englishreaction equilibrium; repetitiven

39、ess; elementary reaction step; stability; catalytic cycle; activity; quantitative analysis; selectivity; metabolic reaction; chemical energy; reaction mechanism; polymer nylon（or nylon）;qualitative analysis; molecular-sieve; tubular reactor; inhibitor; stoichiometry.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选

40、 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 33 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I. ComprehensionUnit 22 Cosmeticsintroduction可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1.D2.A3.D4. D5. 1True;2True;3 False.II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.Fo

41、cused on; considerations; particular; boosting; price; affect; commitment;different; proposed.III. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks.1. for, of; 2. to; 3. for 4. forto 5. of ,about.V 、Translate the following into English.对亚苯基二胺，降解，丙烯，头皮屑，洗剂， N- 亚硝基二乙醇胺，致癌的， 未成熟（ or 早熟），香波（ or 洗发剂

42、）， 激素（荷尔蒙）， 防汗剂， 诱变性， 脱臭剂（芳香剂） ， 推论（必定结果） ， 甘油VI 、Translate the following sentences into Englishsurfactant。 environmental pollution。emulsifier。side-effect。dirt 。detergent。 perspiration。 preservative.PART TWO THE FUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRYUnit7Chemical Bonds化学键There are approximately 100 chemical elements.世界上大致有100 种元素。There aremillionsofchemicalcompound,and