情态动词表推测用法总结及练习资料.docx

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1、精品名师归纳总结情态动词表估计用法总结（一）情态动词表估计的三种句式能用于表估计的情态动词：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to 1.在确定句中一般用must 肯定 , may（可能）, might / could （或许,或许） 。（ 1） He must/may/might know the answer to this question.他肯定 /可能 /或许知道这个问题的答案。（ 2） It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heatin

2、g.屋里很冷,他们确定把暖气关了。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. 否定句中用 cant / couldn不可t能, may not/might not 可能不 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结（ 1） It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America这. 不行能是校长,他去美国了。（ 2） He may not/might not know the scientist.他或许不熟悉那位科学家。3. 疑问句中用 can/could 能 .。（ 1） Could he have finishe

3、d the task.他可能把任务完成了吗？（ 2） Can he be at home now.他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。might, could 并非 may, can 的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。Couldn t 比 cant 语气弱一些。（二）情态动词表估计的三种时态1. 对将来情形的估计,用“情态动词 + 动词原形 ”。（ 1） She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.5:00 前她肯定 /可能 /或许到。（ 2） She must/may/might/could walk

4、 miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.她肯定 /可能 /或许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。2. 对目前或一般情形的估计,用“情态动词 + be ”或“情态动词 + 动词原形 ”。（ 1） He cant couldnt / may might not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不行能 /可能不在家。3.对正在发生动作的估计,“情态动词 +be doing ”（ 1） He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio n

5、ow.他肯定 /可能/ 或许正在听收音机。4.对过去情形的估计,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词 ”。（ 1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.的湿了, 昨晚确定 /可能 /或许下雨了。（ 2）The door was locked. He can could not / may might not have been at home .门锁着, 他不行能 /可能不在家。（ 3） Can / Could he have gotten the book ？莫非他找到书了吗？ 补充强

6、调：估计的句型特点（对某一次的估计句型有两部分：语气和时态）（ 1）语气部分： （以下情态动词语气由强至弱） 确定句： must、may、might （ =could ）否定句： can （t=couldn ）、tmayn、tmightn t疑问句： can、 could（语气更加委婉不确定）（ 2）时态部分：be 表示对现在的估计have done 表示对过去的估计be doing 表示对正在进行的估计语气部分写在前时态部分写在后,组合在一起就是估计（三）几组表估计的情态动词用法“情态动词完成时”是历年高考的热点,在做此类练习时,既需要把握这一结构的基本用法,又应当认真体会题干所供应的语言信

7、息,精确懂得语言环境和说话人的含义,特别要留意题干中时态赐予的示意。.must have done表示对已经发生的事情的估计,意为“肯定,想必 ”, 句子中表示的是一种确定的估计。这种结构一般只用于确定句,其否定形式是cant（ couldn ）thave done ,表示 “不行能,确定不会”。例如：He didn htear the phone . He must have been asleep. 他没有听到电话响,他确定是已经睡着了。一、单项挑选1 John come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mayB. needC

8、. cantD. must2 John isnt in the classroom. He play soccer on the playground with Bob. A. canB. mustC. shouldD. cant3 -Will you go to the cinema with us.-No, Irather read a magazine at home.A. shouldB. mightC. wouldD. had better4 Yougo and see a doctor at once because you got a fever.A. canB. mustC.

9、dareD. would可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5 -Can you speak Japanese. -No, I.A. mustntB. cantC. needntD. may not 6 -Hebe in the classroom, I think. -No, hebe in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. can; may notB. must; may notC. may; cantD. may;mustnt7 -Is Lena swimming in the pool. -No, sheswim.

10、 She is terrified of water. A. may notB. must not C. cant D. neednt 8 He isnt at school. I think hebe ill. A. canB. shallC. mustD. might9 -What do you think “upset”means. - I m not sure. It mean “sad”. mayB. mustC. canD. should10 The childrenplay football on the road.A. cantB. canC. mustntD. must二、依

11、据句子意思用must, might, could 或 cant 填空1. The white rulerbelong to Lucy. Hers is red.2. I cant find my keys. They be still at home.3. The exercise bookbelong to Bob. It has his name on it.4. Jimbe at home. He has gone to his hometown.5. This blue shirtbelong to Ken. He likes blue best.6. The schoolbag be

12、 Pauls. There are a lot of books in it.7. The volleyballbelong to Alice. She plays volleyball every day.8. The classroom is clean. Someoneclean it just now.9. Is that Bob there.No, it be him. He has gone to Shanghai with his family可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. where is Mr. Lee.The light in his bedroom

13、 is still on. He 11. Ifind my pencil case. I think I have lost it.be there.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结12. The boy is clever. He tell many stories when he was young.13. The man is running fast. Hebe catching the bus.14. Li Lei has learned English for 15 years. Heknow the meaningof this sentence.15. What

14、 are you going to do this weekend . Imnot sure. Ivisit my grandparents.16. Who is that boy in blue.Itbe Tim. He is always reading English there every morning.Itbe him. He is talking with Miss Liu in the classroom.17. I thought yoube hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.18. -Here are some earring

15、s. The ownerbe a boy.-Well, itbe a boy. The earringsbe a present for his mother.19.-Are you coming to Jeff s party.-Im not sure. I go to the concert instead20. I have tried to call him at the office, but there is no reply. Hebe at home.三、依据所给汉语提示完成句子。1. 他脸色惨白 ,准是病了。 He looks so pale, he 2. 她戴着钻石项链,肯

16、定很有钱。She s wearing a diamond necklace. She3. 他现在可能正在打篮球。Hebasketball now.4. 我确信她不在家。I m sure that she stay at home.5. 他确定在花园里漫步。Hein the garden.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结6. 这本字典确定是我的,上面有我的名字。The dictionary 7. 这张 CD 可能是属于 Tony 的,由于他喜爱听流行音乐。mine. It has my name on it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The CD belon

17、g to Tony because he likes listening to pop music.8. 这个发带不行能是鲍勃的,终究他是个男孩。The hair band be Bob s. After all, he is a boy.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. 气温可降至 60,也就是零下60。The temperature 10她可能不知道这件事。 11他担忧他们可能不同意他的看法。He was afraid fall to 60 , that is 60 below freezing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结12. 你辛苦干一成天,肯

18、定累了You have worked hard all day. 13. 再等非常钟,我弟弟可能正开车到这里来。Wait another 10 minutes. My brother here now.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结14. 公园里现在确定有一些老人正在漫步。Theresome old people taking a walk in the park now.15. 别玩小刀,你可能会伤到自己的。Don t play with the knife. You when , while , as 引导 时间状语从句 的区分When 1.表示 “当 时候 ”, “当

19、之后 ”之意(1) 从句中的动词无论是连续性动词,仍是短暂性动词都可以用when 引导从句, 主从句的动作可以前后, 或同时发生。使用 as , while ,是主从句的动作必需同时发生,并且从句必需是连续性动词,Sorry , I was out when you called me （ call 为短暂性动词）对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot （is 为连续性动词 ,表示一种连续的状态）趁热打铁。 The students took notes as they listened （ listen 为连续性动词）同学们边听课边做笔记。2

20、 从句中的动词是连续性动词,可以用while 或 as 替代 when。My father is cooking while /when/ as my mother is reading newspapers.2. 对两个同时进行的动作或状态进行对比时,多用while ,亦可用 as/when。While she was making a phone call, I was writing aletter.3. 当主句、 从句动作同时进行, 从句动作的时间概念淡化,而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用 as。这时, “一边 ,一边 ”之意。The little girls sang a

21、s they went.The students took notes as they listened to the teacher. 4.表示 “随着 ”指时间的推移时,只能用as。As time went by, the days became colder and colder.As Christmas are coming nearer, the children got excited.Asmy grandfather is getting old, his memory is getting poorer.总结：表示当 时候,当 之后之意,多用 when。表示主从句正在进行的动作

22、或状态的对比时多用while 。while仍可以用作对比 ”而”,如： My mother likes doing sports; while my father likes watching them表示一边 一边 。只能用 as。表示随着 含义时,只能用 as。Because, since, as, for表缘由的区分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结because, as, for, since这几个词都是表示“缘由 ”的连词,语气由强至弱依次为：because since as 其for中;since, as 均为从属连词,引导缘由状语从句。而for是并列连词,引导并列句

23、。because,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. because表示直接缘由,它所指的缘由通常是听话人所不知道的,其语气最强。常用来回答why 的提问,一般放于主句之后,也可以单独存在。例如：(1) I stayed at home because it rained. 由于下雨我呆在家里。(2) Because Lingling was ill, she didnt come to school.玲玲因病,没有上学。(3) Why is she absent. 她为什么缺席？ Because she is sick. 由于她病了。此外,在强调句型中, 只能用 becau

24、se。例如： 4It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是由于我没有赶上早班汽车。2. since 侧重主句,从句表示明显的或已为人所知的理由,常译为“由于 ”、“既然 ”,语气比 because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一种含有将就语气的缘由。例如：(1) Since he asks you, youll tell him why.他既然问你,那就告知他为什么吧。(2) Since everyone is here, lets start. 既然大家都到齐了,我们就动身吧！(3) Since I

25、 understood very little Japanese, I couldnt follow the conversation.我日语懂得不多,因而听不懂对话。3. as 是常用词,它表示的 “缘由 ”是双方已知的事实或显而易见的缘由,或者理由不是很重要,含义与since 相同,但语气更弱,没有since 正式,常译为 “由于,鉴于 ”。从句说明缘由,主句说明结果,主从并重。例如：(1) We all like her as she is kind.我们都喜爱她,由于她和善。(2) As I had a cold, I was absent from school.由于我感冒了,所以没

26、去上课。(3) As Xiaowang was not ready, we went without him.由于小王没有预备好,我们只好不带他去了。4. for 用作连词时,与 because相像,但它所表示的缘由往往供应上文未交待过的情形。for 不表示直接缘由, 说明附加或推断的理由, 因此 for 被看作等立连词, 它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部或单独成为一个句子 ,并且可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结前后两个分句间的规律关系不肯定是因果关系,其间用逗号隔开,且for 不行置于句首, for 的这一用法常用在书面语中,较正式。例如：(1) The days are sh

27、ort, for it is now December.白天短了,由于现在已是十二月份。(2) It must have rained, for the ground is wet. 从“的面潮湿 ”作出 “下过雨 ”的估计, 但的湿并不肯定是下雨所致, for不行以换为 because。(3) The ground is wet because it has rained. 下雨 ”是“的上潮湿 ”的直接缘由。 前后两个分句间有肯定的因果关系时有时很难区分是直接缘由,仍是估计性缘由, for 与 because 可以互换使用。例如： 4I could not go, for / becaus

28、e I was ill.我没能去,是由于我病了。5He felt no fear, for / because he was a brave boy.他没有可怕,由于他是个英勇的男孩。or和 and用法区分1. 并列 结构中 , or 通常用于 否定句 , and 用于确定句 。但有时 and 也可用于 否定句 。请留意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否 定中 并列结构用 or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实 际被看作是确定结构,因此要用and。2. or

29、用于连 接并列的单词、词组、短语或句子,表示 或者 的意思。如 :We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.我们可以参观 世界公园 ,或者周游全世界。3.or 用在 挑选疑问句 中,敏捷译为 仍是 。如:Is that an apple or an orange.那是 苹果 仍是桔子 .4. or 用于 否定句 中,代替 and ,表示 和的意思。如 :I dont like bread , rice or porridge. 我不喜爱 面包 、米饭和粥。5. or 用于连 接两个并列的句子,表示 否就 ,要不然 的意思。如

30、: Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点 ,否就你要迟到啦。but , however , though区分but 是连词, 连接两个 并列句 ,中间用逗号隔开, 表示转折 如： I wanted to buy a book, but I dont have enough money. though 是副词, 但在句中的成分相当 于连词。引导从句, 不能与 but 连用, 可以放句首或者句中。 意思是尽管如：Though it is so hot I have to go outside. I have to go outside though it isso hot.

31、however 也是副词,剧中成分相当于连 词。可以放在句首或句中,后面肯定要用逗号。表转折。放句首时,与前面的句子是转折的连接。放句首时, 前后用逗号隔开 ,如：I wanted to buy a book, however, I do not have enough money1,It s going to rain. You d better take an umbrellayou may get wet.A. orB. andC. but 2,Diana isn t here,leave a message on her desk.A. orB. soC. andD. but3,He

32、didn t go to school yesterdayhe was ill.A. becauseB. because ofC. ifD. so 4,I d like to go with you,Im too busy.A. orB. andC. soD. but5,Rick has learned a lot about Chinese culturehe came to China .A. beforeB. whenC. untilD. since 6,It was raining heavily,we decided to stay at home and watch TV .A.

33、butB. orC. becauseD. so 7, I really enjoy Chinese food. Me, too. My mouth was wateringI watched the TVprogram A Bite of China.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. after8,Read this article, you willunderstand that not everythingcan be bought withmoney. A.orB. and C. but9,He snot a perfect child. He sometimes t

34、alks backhis parents talk with him. A. ifB. before C. when D. until练习：在以下各句的空格中填入适当的连词1. he comes tomorrow, I shall ask when he was born.2. he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3. It was already eight oclockwe got there.4. Have a good look at that manyou pass him.5. I waitedhe came back.6. I was about to go outa visitor came.7. The thieves ran awaythey saw the police.8. He learned to speak Germanhe was in Berlin.9. She likes everything to be readyshe starts to work.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结10. We played outside till sunset,it began to rain.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载